Photographic Mapping Research Articles

Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography with quantitative phase imaging capability.

Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) is considered a powerful tool to observe highly dynamic events; however, its application is significantly hindered by its incapability to acquire quantitative phase images. In this work, by integrating diffraction phase microscopy (DPM) and STAMP, we achieve ultrafast single-shot quantitative phase imaging with a frame rate of up to 3.3 trillion fps. The performance of the system is evaluated using a homemade phase module. Experimental results show that the system can accurately record the propagation of laser filamentation in air. We believe our method will greatly enhance the capability of STAMP to measure highly transparent targets.

Design and Study of a Two-Dimensional (2D) All-Optical Spatial Mapping Module.

Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography is one of the main emerging ultra-fast detection technologies that can be widely applicable to ultra-fast detection at the picosecond level in fields such as materials and life sciences. We propose a new optical structure for an all-optical spatial mapping module that can control the optical field of two-dimensional imaging while improving spectral resolution and detector sensor utilization. The model of optical parameters based on geometrical optics theory for the given structure has been established, and the theoretical analysis of the inter-frame energy crosstalk caused by incident beam spot width, chromatic aberration, and main errors of the periscope array has been conducted. The optical design of the two-dimensional (2D) all-optical spatial mapping module was finally completed using ZEMAX OpticStudio 2018 software. The results show that our optical module can realize targets of 16 frames and 1.25 nm spectral resolution.

2D spectrum slicing for sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography with 25 frames

Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) is a promising technology for observing ultrafast phenomena. Increasing the frame number during one shot is critical to enhance the capability of STAMP, but the rearrangement of the frames significantly intensifies the complexity of the system. In this work, we design a spectrum-slicing method, allowing for the separation and arrangement of the frames simultaneously in a two-dimensional manner. The experimental results show that our system can capture 25 images in one shot with a spatial resolution of 2.46 μm and a frame rate of 2.5 Tfps, indicating its potential for the observation of highly dynamic events.

Diffraction-gated real-time ultrahigh-speed mapping photography

Single-shot high-speed mapping photography is a powerful tool used for studying fast dynamics in diverse applications. Despite much recent progress, existing methods are still strained by the trade-off between sequence depth and light throughput, errors induced by parallax, limited imaging dimensionality, and the potential damage caused by pulsed illumination. To overcome these limitations, we explore time-varying optical diffraction as a new gating mechanism to obtain ultrahigh imaging speed. Inspired by the pulse front tilt-gated imaging and the space-time duality in optics, we embody the proposed paradigm in the developed diffraction-gated real-time ultrahigh-speed mapping (DRUM) photography. The sweeping optical diffraction envelope generated by the inter-pattern transition of a digital micromirror device enables sequential time-gating at the sub-microsecond level. DRUM photography can capture a transient event in a single exposure at 4.8 million frames per second. We apply it to the investigation of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in liquid and laser ablation in biological samples.

Single-shot polarization-resolved ultrafast mapping photography

Single-shot polarization-resolved ultrafast mapping photography

The Topographic Imaginary: Attending to Place in Contemporary French Photography

The Topographic Imaginary: Attending to Place in Contemporary French Photography

Hybrid-plane spectrum slicing for sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography.

Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) is an effective tool for observing ultrafast and non-repetitive events. In the classical design of STAMP, the spatial resolution of the acquired images is different in two directions, severely limiting the scalability of STAMP. Here, by introducing an asymmetric optical design, we make the slicing mirror locate in the hybrid plane of the system, i.e., the image plane in the direction of the short edge, while the Fourier plane is in the direction of the long edge. This avoids the loss of the high-frequency components of the images and hence offers the possibility to further extend the frame number of the system.

An Endoscopic and Histologic Study on Healing of Radiofrequency Ablation Wounds in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of Barrett's esophagus (BE) inflicts a wound spanning 3 epithelial types (stratified squamous, Barrett's metaplasia, gastric epithelium), yet the esophageal injury heals almost completely with squamous epithelium. Knowledge of how this unique wound heals might elucidate mechanisms underlying esophageal metaplasia. We aimed to prospectively and systematically characterize the early endoscopic and histologic features of RFA wound healing. Patients with nondysplastic BE had endoscopy with systematic esophageal photographic mapping, biopsy, and volumetric laser endomicroscopy performed before and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after RFA. Seven patients (6 men; mean age 56.1 ± 10.9 years) completed this study. Squamous re-epithelialization of RFA wounds did not only progress exclusively through squamous cells extending from the proximal wound edge but also progressed through islands of squamous epithelium sprouting throughout the ablated segment. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy revealed significant post-RFA increases in subepithelial glandular structures associated with the squamous islands. In 2 patients, biopsies of such islands revealed newly forming squamous epithelium contiguous with immature-appearing squamous cells arising from esophageal submucosal gland ducts. Subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM) was found in biopsies at 2 and/or 4 weeks after RFA in 6 of 7 patients. RFA wounds in BE are re-epithelialized, not just by squamous cells from the proximal wound margin but by scattered squamous islands in which esophageal submucosal gland duct cells seem to redifferentiate into the squamous progenitors that fuel squamous re-epithelialization. SSIM can be found in most patients during the healing process. We speculate that this SSIM might underlie Barrett's recurrences after apparently successful eradication.

Acousto-optically driven lensless single-shot ultrafast optical imaging

Driven by many applications in a wide span of scientific fields, a myriad of advanced ultrafast imaging techniques have emerged in the last decade, featuring record-high imaging speeds above a trillion-frame-per-second with long sequence depths. Although bringing remarkable insights into various ultrafast phenomena, their application out of a laboratory environment is however limited in most cases, either by the cost, complexity of the operation or by heavy data processing. We then report a versatile single-shot imaging technique combining sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) with acousto-optics programmable dispersive filtering (AOPDF) and digital in-line holography (DIH). On the one hand, a high degree of simplicity is reached through the AOPDF, which enables full control over the acquisition parameters via an electrically driven phase and amplitude spectro-temporal tailoring of the imaging pulses. Here, contrary to most single-shot techniques, the frame rate, exposure time, and frame intensities can be independently adjusted in a wide range of pulse durations and chirp values without resorting to complex shaping stages, making the system remarkably agile and user-friendly. On the other hand, the use of DIH, which does not require any reference beam, allows to achieve an even higher technical simplicity by allowing its lensless operation but also for reconstructing the object on a wide depth of field, contrary to classical techniques that only provide images in a single plane. The imaging speed of the system as well as its flexibility are demonstrated by visualizing ultrashort events on both the picosecond and nanosecond timescales. The virtues and limitations as well as the potential improvements of this on-demand ultrafast imaging method are critically discussed.

Беспилотная аэрофотосъемка в летний сезон 67-й Российской антарктической экспедиции

The use of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in glaciology and cryology, as well as studying and monitoring of polar regions is one of the most rapidly developing areas of the unmanned aerial industry. An aerial photogeodetic team of the 67th Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) solved two main interrelated tasks: 1) field tests of the newest Russian UAS Geoscan 701 in Antarctic conditions and 2) carrying out unmanned aerial surveys of two Antarctic territories, characterized by fundamentally different natural conditions, in order to obtain their high-precision orthomosaics and digital elevation models (DEMs) of an ultra-high resolution. On 15 January 2022, we carried out an unmanned aerial survey of two adjacent Antarctic maritime oases Molodezhny and Vecherny and surrounding areas of the glacier (Enderby Land, East Antarctica). From 26 January to 16 February 2022, we performed an unmanned aerial survey of the Fildes Peninsula (the southwestern, free of ice cover portion of the King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica). The survey was complicated by severe meteorological conditions (low clouds, fog, strong winds, and precipitation). Field tests of UAS Geoscan 701 have shown that the system can be successfully used for unmanned aerial survey in polar regions. After in-office photogrammetric processing of the obtained materials, orthomosaics and DEMs of the indicated territories will be obtained with a resolution of 10 and 25 cm, respectively. These will be used for creation of modern large-scale topographic maps, photographic maps, three-dimensional and geomorphometric modeling of these territories, as well as operational and scientific activities of the RAE.

The ruling engines and diffraction gratings of Henry Augustus Rowland

ABSTRACT During a visit to Europe in the autumn of 1882, Henry Augustus Rowland, Professor of Physics at Johns Hopkins University, displayed diffraction gratings produced on a ruling engine he had designed and built, which were bigger and much higher quality than any previously made. Some were of a novel type, ruled on concave surfaces, which he used in a simple but equally novel spectroscope that he had devised, to reveal spectral lines in great detail, and by means of photography to record spectral data much more rapidly than previously possible. Over about twenty years Rowland built three ruling engines, published photographic maps of the solar spectrum, compiled a catalogue of the wavelengths of lines in the solar spectrum correlated with laboratory-produced spectra of almost all the chemical elements, and produced and sold the diffraction gratings used by spectroscopists everywhere. For decades after his death Rowland’s ruling engines remained practically the only source of good-quality diffraction gratings. This paper describes and analyses this work of Rowland and of the other men, Theodore Schneider, John Brashear, and Lewis Jewell, who played major roles in it.

Diagnosis of degradation state of the historic building facade through qualitative and quantitative indicators: case study of the Former School of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel

Purpose In Brazil, the city of Pelotas experienced an economic apex between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, reflecting in the construction of several buildings. The aim of this article is to evaluate the state of degradation of the facades of the Old School of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, using qualitative and quantitative indicators. Design/methodology/approach The study was divided into visual and photographic survey, damage map and subsequent application of the Degradation Measurement Method (MMD) and the Element Performance Index (Ip). Taking into consideration the evaluation of the building: through historical research and survey of damages. Finally, the building was framed at a level of degradation. Findings By calculating the average damage between the methods – damage map, MMD and Ip – a more faithful representation of the damage was obtained, since the values become balanced. The results show the potential of the use of the methods in the analysis of pathological manifestations in facades. Originality/value The originality of this article refers to the use of methods for evaluation of historical buildings. The authors believe that the methods described applied jointly provide the results about the state of degradation through nondestructive and low-cost analyses. The methods of surveying damage to Brazilian heritage are a little researched area. This work will hopefully be engaged by academics and professionals to help establish and promote broad government interest and investments.

Integration of Aerial Photography, Airborne LiDAR, and Airborne IFSAR for Mapping in Malaysia

Aerial mapping is now widely used for plenty of applications especially in generating digital terrain models. In this Industrial Revolution 4.0 era, the digital product is integrated with each other to add a new value-added into industries. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to deliberate the integration process between aerial photography, airborne LiDAR, and airborne IFSAR for enhancing the airborne IFSAR quality and come out with new value-added aerial mapping products. The aerial photography was used to enhance the ORI IFSAR imagery through the image fusion method and LiDAR DTM was used to enhance the accuracy of IFSAR DTM through the DTM fusion method. For image fusion, the result shows that colorized ORI imagery (CORI) was generated. On the other hand, terrain profiling analysis was conducted to validate the result of DTM fusion based on by using LiDAR DTM as a benchmark. The result shows that the fused DTM accuracy is nearest to LiDAR DTM compared to IFSAR DTM. This result also shows that new value-added aerial mapping products can be generated from this integration process.

Hydrothermal flux and porewater geochemistry in Paleochori Bay, Milos, Greece

Despite more than 25 years of research, the spatial and temporal variability of hydrothermal venting in Paleochori Bay remains poorly constrained because there are no reliable repeat measurements at discrete locations. Using a georeferenced photographic map of Paleochori Bay, more than 160 porewater samples were collected and the exact GPS coordinates reported. The GPS coordinates of the sampling locations should provide a foundation for future research in Paleochori Bay by enabling reliable repeat measurements.Hydrothermally influenced porewaters had low pH, elevated arsenic (As) concentrations, and had temperatures between 23.6 and 122.4 °C. The samples were divided into two distinct groups, which had either Cl concentrations below or above the reference seawater. The high-Cl fluids were enriched in K, Ca, Sr and Br and depleted in Mg and SO4 compared to seawater or the low-Cl fluids. However, both fluid types were enriched relative to seawater in As and Si by up several orders of magnitude. Oxygen and deuterium isotope analyses indicated a seawater origin for the fluids with a minor contribution from meteoric water (low-Cl fluids) and arc magmatic water (high-Cl fluids).As previously reported, both high- and low-Cl fluids discharge throughout the bay, often within a few meters of each other. However, high-resolution sampling, together with exact spatial information in the form of GPS coordinates, allowed us to determine that the low-Cl fluids discharge across the bay, while the high-Cl fluid discharge in particular regions of the bay. Based on the distribution of the δ2H and Na/K values in porewater and the occurrence of microbial mats, we pinpointed a set of deep-seated faults, which seem to control the distribution of hydrothermal vs. non-hydrothermal areas in the bay.At 54 locations, porewater temperature profiles were obtained to calculate fluid flux from the hydrothermal areas in Paleochori Bay, which was determined to be 11,300 ± 1100 m3/day. This value allowed to further calculate an annual As input of approximately 1.5 × 104 kg into the Mediterranean Sea.

Mapping Photography

Abstract. As a fresh face to the cartography world, I am always inspired by experienced cartographers and the wonderful maps they've designed. The consideration of colours, the layout design and composition applied to create the perfect mapping product. Using their webinars, tutorials and wise words, I always try to create my own perfect cartographic map but with my own unique style applied.With a fascination for photography, this helps me in more ways than just decorating my front room, often acting as a source of inspiration when designing maps. My cartography brain automatically merges the two passions, focusing on the photographs colours, layout and composition, before transferring that style to my map.Within this presentation, I want to explore the world of mapping and photography. How can photographs shape the way our maps look? With a specific focus on internet mapping, I want to showcase how we can create maps inspired from photography, whether that's your iPhone 6 or a £4000 camera. For my presentation, I will customise basemaps using a vector basemap editor and walk through this extremely useful tool. I'll then also focus on how to share your stories in an engaging and easy-to-use platform of Esri's Storymaps. The session will hopefully provide a unique style to designing your maps, that requires nothing but a camera phone and maybe a pretty landscape.

Sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography boosted by a branched 4f system with a slicing mirror.

We present sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) with a slicing mirror in a branched 4f system for an increased number of frames without sacrificing pixel resolution. The branched 4f system spectrally separates the laser light path into multiple paths by the slicing mirror placed in the Fourier plane. Fabricated by an ultra-precision end milling process, the slicing mirror has 18 mirror facets of differing mirror angles. We used the boosted STAMP to observe dynamics of laser ablation with two image sensors which captured 18 subsequent frames at a frame rate of 126 billion frames per second, demonstrating this technique's potential for imaging unexplored ultrafast non-repetitive phenomena.

Single-shot ultrafast burst imaging using an integral field spectroscope with a microlens array.

To fully utilize the functions of a center-wavelength-sweeping pulse train generated by a free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay optical layout for a probe laser pulse in sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP), we introduced an integral field spectroscopy (IFS) method using a microlens array (MLA) to produce hyperspectral images, referring to the technique as lens array (LA)-STAMP. Compared with the previous STAMP utilizing spectral filtering where a bandpass filter generated hyperspectral images, LA-STAMP achieved much higher optical throughput. In a prototype setup, we used a 60×60 MLA and demonstrated single-shot burst imaging of a femtosecond laser-induced ablation process on a glass surface with 300 ps frame intervals in a 1.8 ns time window. Each frame image was constructed by assembling spectrally dispersed 36×36 monochromatic segments distributed by each lenslet on 5×5 pixels of a CCD camera. The spatial resolution was ∼4.4µm, which was determined by the MLA's pitch and the magnification of the microscope lens. We limited the number of frames to seven in this prototype setup, although it can be scaled to ∼24 with a spatial resolution of ∼1µm by designing IFS with a fine pitch MLA.

Extension of time window into nanoseconds in single-shot ultrafast burst imaging by spectrally sweeping pulses.

We achieved single-shot 2D-burst imaging with a ∼22ps temporal resolution in a nanosecond time window using sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography with a spectral filtering (SF-STAMP) scheme, where a single snapshot of spectral images measured with a linear frequency chirped laser pulse forms time-resolved snapshots. We combined a pulse-stretching scheme of a free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay (FACED) composed of a pair of tilted mirrors and a 4f-system. With a 4f-FACED system, we generated collinearly propagating burst laser pulses with a different center wavelength and a tunable time interval and demonstrated single-shot burst imaging with a 303 ps interval in a 1.5 ns time window by an SF-STAMP with spectrally sweeping probe pulses.

Discovery and Mapping of the Triton Seep Site, Redondo Knoll: Fluid Flow and Microbial Colonization Within an Oxygen Minimum Zone

This paper examines a deep-water (~900 m) cold-seep discovered in a low oxygen environment ~30 km off the California coast in 2015 during an E/V Nautilus telepresence-enabled cruise. This Triton site was initially detected from bubble flares identified via shipboard multibeam sonar and which was then confirmed visually using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Hercules. High resolution mapping (to 1cm resolution) and co-registered imaging has provided us with a comprehensive site overview - both of the geologic setting and the extent of the associated microbial colonization. The Triton site represents an active cold-seep site where microbes can act as primary producers at the base of a chemosynthesis-driven food chain. But it is also located near the core of a local oxygen minimum zone, averaging 100m across the seafloor, dominate the site, whilst typical seep-endemic macrofauna were noticeably absent from our co-registered photographic and high resolution mapping surveys - especially when compared to all adjacent seep sites within the same California Borderlands region. This unusual discovery, in close proximity to Los Angeles, CA, provides an interesting natural laboratory for examining the biogeochemical and microbiological functioning of cold seep ecosystems within an Oxygen Minimum Zone. Current climate change predictions include possible expansion of OMZs, both up and down-slope along continental margins. Thus, study of the differences between cold seep communities within and shallower than the core of the current OMZ along the California Borderlands might provide important new insights into how cold seep communities might be expected to be impacted by future climate change along this and other continental margins.

1000-fps consecutive ultrafast 2D-burst imaging with a sub-nanosecond temporal resolution by a frequency-time encoding of SF-STAMP

We demonstrated real-time, in-situ operation of a single-shot, frequency-time-encoding burst imaging method of sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography utilizing spectral filtering (SF-STAMP) by employing a high-speed camera with the frame rate of a 1000 fps as a detector. We obtained single-shot burst images of a pulse-by-pulse femtosecond laser ablation of a glass by a chirped probe laser pulse with a 1–2-ps frame interval or by a spectrally sweeping burst laser pulse train with a 300-ps interval. We observed burst images of plasma generation during the early stage of laser ablation in a glass with a short frame interval by a chirped probe laser pulse. We also captured burst images of plume and shock-wave generation in air with a 1.5-ns observation time window by a spectrally sweeping probe laser pulse train.