Map Of Epicenters Research Articles

The seismicity of the Carpathians in 2022

According to the results of observations at the seismic stations of the Carpathian region of Ukraine in 2022, the main parameters of 50 earthquakes in the range of energy classes KR=5.7÷13.7 were obtained. The parameters of seismometric equipment at active seismic stations are given. A catalog of earthquakes, their distribution by regions and energy classes, a map of epicenters, graphs of seismic energy release, and the number of earthquakes in the region by month are presented. A brief description of the seismicity of certain seismically active areas of the Carpathian region is given. The total energy allocated to the region was ΣЕ=5.06·1013 J, which is higher than last year’s level of ΣЕ=3.13·1012 J. This year, increased seismic activity was observed in the Vrancea Mountains, where 20 earthquakes of energy class KR=9.1÷13.7 were recorded. Their total seismic energy was ΣE=5.06·1013J. The foci of the Vrancea earthquakes are concentrated at a depth of h=80÷152 km (18 events) and h=20 km (2 events). 10 earthquakes with energy class KR=5.8÷8.0 were registered in Transcarpathia. Their total seismic energy was ΣE=2.78·108 J. The strongest was recorded on March 28 with KR=8.0 at 05h01m at a depth of h=2.4 km. For the past seven years, Transcarpathia has been practically in a seismic lull. On the territory of Bukovyna this year, there is also a decrease in seismic acti­vity compared to 2021. A total of 9 earthquakes with energy class KR=6.9÷8.4 and total seismic energy ΣЕ=8.41·108 J were registered here. The foci of earthquakes are in the earth’s crust at a depth of h=1.8÷15 km. In seismically active areas such as the Southern Carpathians, Transylvania, and Bacau, only one earthquake was recorded in 2022, while no event was recorded in the Kryšana and Banat regions. The regional Carpathian hodograph was used to determine the main parameters of earthquakes in Transcarpathia, and the Jeffreys-Bullen hodograph was used for earthquakes in the Vrancea zone and six other regions.

SEISMICITY of YAKUTIA in 2018–2019

According to the information received from 20 stationary digital seismic stations of the Yakutia Branch of Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, two-year (2018–2019) seismic monitoring of the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was carried out. During this time interval, more than 730 earthquakes with an energy class of KR≥7.2 (magnitude M≥1.8) were registered. During the previous two years, their number was 801. Manifestations of seismicity fixed the spatial position of the contact zones and their constituent blocks of known lithospheric plates: the Eurasian and North American plates in the northeastern and arctic regions, as well as the Eurasian and Amur plates – in the southern areas of Yakutia. The epicentral fields traced individual relief lineaments and identified active boundary structures combined into two large-scale seismic belts – BaikalStanovoy and Arctic-Asian. Their outlines are seen as bands of earthquake epicenters, elongated from the Olekma River to the Sea of Okhotsk in the south and as ensembles of separate groups and chains of earthquakes between the Laptev and Okhotsk Seas in the northeast and in the Arctic. Significant seismic activity has been detected in the northeast of the region – in the Olekminsk region and the Aldan Highlands (South Yakutia), as well as in the Yano-Oymyakon Highlands, the Chersky Ridge and the Laptev Sea. A map of epicenters was constructed for the entire territory of the region, where 12 districts were identified and an analysis of the seismotectonic situation in each of them was given. The map of Arctic earthquakes in the Lena River delta is considered separately. It is compiled according to the processing of digital seismograms obtained at 25 autonomous field stations installed in accordance with the Russian-German project "Seismicity and Neotectonics of the Laptev Sea Region" (SIOLA). In this area during 2016–2019 more than 2 thousand shocks of small energy classes KR≥7.2–10.7 (M≥1.8–3.7) were recorded within the depth interval of 1–36 km of the Earth's crust. The characteristics of the most seismically active local tectonic structures developed in this region are given.

SEISMICITY of the VOLCANIC AREAS of KAMCHATKA in 2018–2019

The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. Daily information about volcanic activity is published in the Internet (http://www.emsd.ru/ ~ssl/monitoring/main.htm) since February 2000. The results of seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky and Ushkovsky), Avacha (Avachinsky and Koryaksky), MutnovskyGorely volcano group and Kizimen, Zhupanovsky, Karymsky and Kambalny volcanoes for 2018–2019 are presented. Within two years 29199 earthquakes with KS=1.6–10.1 were located for Northern volcano group, 714 earthquakes with KS=1.6–7.6 – for Avacha volcano group, 247 earthquakes with KS=1.7–7.3 – Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 116 earthquakes with KS=2.6–8.7 for Kizimen volcano, 315 earthquakes with KS=2.2–10.9 for Zhupanovsky volcano, five earthquakes with KS=6.2–8.3 for Kambalny volcano and four earthquakes with KS=5.2–6.7 for Karymsky volcano. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy and earthquake distribution according to class are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote methods in 2018–2019: intensive volcanic activity of Sheveluch volcano associated with new cone, two paroxysmal explosive eruptions of Bezymianny volcano and the summit explosive-effusive eruptions of Kluchevskoy volcano.

SEISMICITY of the CRIMEAN-BLACK SEA REGION in 2018–2019

The review of the Crimean-Black Sea region seismicity is made on the basis of seismic monitoring data from a regional network of 9 digital stations. The catalog includes information on 185 events with energy classes Kп=3.8–11.0. Maps of earthquake energy representativeness and epicenters of earthquakes are presented. A detailed description of the seismic situation in various districts of the region is given. The years 2018 and 2019 are characterized by moderate seismic activity in the region, which below than the long-term average one. The greatest activation of seismic processes was observed in 2018 in the Kerch-Anapa and Azov-Kuban districts. In the Kerch-Anapa district, three tangible earthquakes occurred. Their maximum observed intensity of I=4–5 is noted in seven settlements on the coast of the Caucasus. The released seismic energy in the Azov-Kuban district in 2018 significantly exceeded the 10-year (2010–2019) average value. The earthquake of the maximum class Kп=11.0, MW=4.2 was realized on October 15, 2018. Its source was in the central part of the Sea of Azov, at a depth h=6 km. On February 20, 2018 at 07 h00m a seismic event occurred on the eastern coast of the Sea of Azov. People felt it in the city of Primorsko-Akhtarsk with intensity of I=3–4. On the territory of the Crimean peninsula, two shocks were felt with the intensity of I=2 and I=3 in Sudak-Feodosiya and Yalta areas respectively. Solutions of focal mechanisms were obtained for the 7 strongest earthquakes from different districts of the region.

FAULT MAPPING BY DATA OF AEROSPACE SURVEYS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF MAIN PIPELINES (FOR EXAMPLE OF THE SECTION CHAYVO-DE-KASTRI PIPELINE)

Link for citation: Kuptsova O.V., Melkiy V.A., Verkhoturov A.A., Dolgopolov D.V. Fault mapping by data of aerospace surveys to ensure the safety of main pipelines (by the example of the section Chayvo–De-Kastri oil pipeline). Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.92-102.In Rus. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to identify the hazardous geological processes during the construction and operation of pipelines. The Russian Federation ranks second in the world in terms of the total length of main pipelines, where accidents sometimes occur as result of the negative impact of natural and man-made factors. The main hazardous geological processes affecting pipelines are displacements in zones of active faults in the earth's crust. Diagnostics of the presence of fault zones in the territory planned for the construction of linear structures makes it possible to identify potentially dangerous areas that should be paid close attention, and to organize constant monitoring in places of possible movements of soil masses. Based on economic considerations, it is advisable to conduct research using Earth remote sensing data, and use modern geoinformation products for data processing. Monitoring using remote sensing allows you to quickly assess the changing engineering and geological conditions in the areas where the pipeline is laid, as well as detect signs of the occurrence of natural processes that pose danger to infrastructure facilities. Monitoring of corridors of main pipeline routes must be carried out by all available means during construction and operation. The use of ArcGIS, QGIS and LEFA software in combination with geophysical data provided by the Unified Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences makes it possible to assess seismic activity, its intensity and the nature of the relationship with faults. The main aim of the research is to identify and show on the map the most dangerous areas with active fault zones, that pose a potential threat of negative impact on the pipeline during operation. Objects: space images of the corridor of the main pipeline route to identify ruptures of a seismogenic nature, maps of earthquake epicenters previously identified near the pipeline route. Methods: interpretation of satellite images, methods of geoinformation modeling, mapping, statistical methods, methods of automated lineament analysis, methods for changing the resolution, size and visibility of images without loss of information quality, such as interpolation and aggregation methods, spatial analysis of the interdependence of fault zones and earthquakes, compilation of geoinformation. Results. The analysis of geological, geophysical and satellite information about the territory where the pipeline was laid was carried out in order to identify fault zones. Automated lineament analysis of images in different spectral ranges and with different spatial resolution made it possible to identify the most probable fault zones. The seismic activity of the study area was estimated on the basis of geophysical data. Potentially dangerous sections of the study area, along which the main pipeline is laid, are identified and presented on the map, characterized by the presence of fault zones and increased seismic activity.

Сейсмичность юга Дальнего Востока России в 2023 году

The paper presents an overview of the seismicity of the southern part of the Russian Far East in 2023 based on the data from the catalog of the “Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk” Regional Information Processing Center (RIPC) of the Sakhalin Branch of the Federal Research Center “United Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (SB FRC UGS RAS). The main parameters of seismicity, such as maps of earthquake epicenters and their macroseismic events, the statistical estimation of the seismicity level (SESL'09), Benioff graphs, and density maps of nominal elastic deformation in 2023 in comparison with the previous longer time interval, are given. A brief analysis of the most significant and interesting earthquakes for detailed study is given. The seismicity of the Kuril-Okhotsk, Sakhalin, and Amur and Primorye regions remained moderate during the year, within the background values. The strongest earthquake with Mw = 6.4 occurred in the southern part of the Kuril Island arc.

SEISMICITY of YAKUTIA in 2016–2017

According to the data of 23 seismic stations of the Yakutia branch of GS RAS, the seismicity monitoring of the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was carried out for 2016–2017. During this period, more than 800 earthquakes with an energy class of KR≥7.1 (magnitude M≥1.7) were registered. This is somewhat more than in 2015 (N=567) and is due to the extension of the time interval of work up to 2 years. The epicenters were located in the zones of interaction between large lithospheric plates: the Eurasian and North American in the Northeastern and Arctic regions, as well as the Eurasian and Amur in the southern regions of Yakutia. The clusters of these events comprised two extended (Arctic-Asian and Baikal-Stanovoy) seismic belts. On the map of epicenters, these zones are displayed as a continuous strip of earthquakes from the Olekma River to the Sea of Okhotsk in the south and in the form of separate groups and clusters of earthquakes between the Laptev and Okhotsk Seas – in the northeast and in the Arctic. The highest seismic activity was noted in the Olekma area, the Stanovoy Ridge and the Aldan Highlands (Southern Yakutia) and the Chersky Ridge and Laptev Sea (in the North-East). Information on the manifestations of local seismicity in the Lena River Delta, where from August 2016 to December 2017 is given. 25 temporary field automatic stations under the joint Russian-German project "Seismicity and neotectonics of the Laptev Sea region" (SIOLA) in 2016–2018 operated. The first results of the distribution of Arctic earthquakes in the lower reaches of the Lena River in space, time, by depth and their connection with active tectonics are considered.

SEISMICITY of the CARPATHIANS in 2016–2017

The article describes seismic observations in the Carpathian region in 2016–2017, which were carried out, as before, by two organizations from two states: in Ukraine – the seismicity department of the Carpathian region of the Institute of Geophysics of the NAS of Ukraine, in Moldova – the seismology laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Seismology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. In Ukraine, 20 stationary digital stations and 1 temporary in the area of Stebnik with a processing center in Lviv, in Moldova – six stations with a center in Chisinau. Different programs, local hodographs and magnitudes were used. The consolidated catalog of earthquakes was created in Lviv. A maps of epicenters and a table of the distribution of earthquakes of different classes by region are given. The total number of earthquakes in 2016–2017 was NΣ=140 in the range KR =4.0–14.4 with depths h=1–160 km and the total seismic energy ΣE=2.92·1014 J. The maximum earthquake with KR=14.4, MSH=5.7 and hрР=95 km was registered on September 23, 2016 located in the Vrancea zone. The earthquake was felt by the population in Romania and Moldova. In the cities of Chisinau and Cahul, the earthquake was felt with intensity I=3–4 points. In the Precarpathian and Transcarpathian regions, all earthquakes are weaker. The strongest event in Transcarpathia was a tangible earthquake, which occurred north of the village of Uglya, Tyachevo district, on June 6, 2017 with KR=9.8, of h=5 km. The earthquake was felt by the population of 20 settlements with an intensity ranging from 2 to 4–5 points. The most powerful event in Precarpathian in 2016–2017 there was a tangible earthquake that occurred in the Drohobych district of the Lvov region on September 29, 2017 with KR=9.8 at a depth of 1.9 ± 0.4 km. Perhaps it was a tectonic earthquake that triggered a collapse in the mine, or vice versa – the collapse of the rocks was recorded as a seismic event. The strongest event in Bukovina was an earthquake that occurred on July 12, 2016 at 18h21m with an energy class of KR=9.9 and magnitude МSH=3.0 in the area of the village of Kurazhin, Khmelnitsky region and was felt by the population with an intensity of 3–4 points. In general, in the seismically active zone of Vrancea and Bukovina in 2016–2017 there was an increase in the level of seismicity compared to those in 2012–2015, and in areas № 1, 3 and 8 there was a slight decrease in the level of seismicity.

SEISMISITY of the VOLCANIC AREAS of KAMCHATKA in 2016–2017

The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. Daily information about volcanic activity is published in the Internet (http://www.emsd.ru/~ssl/monitoring/main.htm) since February 2000. The results of seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky and Ushkovsky), Avacha (Avachinsky and Koryaksky), Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group and Kizimen volcano for 2016–2017 are presented. Within two years 8152 earthquakes with KS=1.6–8.5 were located for Northern volcano group, 616 earthquakes with KS=1.6–7.2 – for Avacha volcano group, 357 earthquakes with KS=2.0–6.2 – Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 144 earthquakes with KS=2.3–9.4 for Kizimen volcano, 322 earthquakes with KS=1.8–8.1 for Zhupanovsky volcano and 90 earthquakes with KS=5.0–8.6 for Kambalny volcano. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy and earthquake distribution according to class are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote methods in 2016–2017: intensive volcanic activity of Sheveluch volcano associated with new cone, the summit explosive-effusive eruption of Kluchevskoy volcano from April 2016 till September 2017, explosive activity of Zhupanovsky volcano and seismic preparation and volcanic eruption of Kambalny volcano observed for the first time in historical period.

SEISMICITY of the NORTH-EAST of RUSSIA in 2016–2017

The results of seismic monitoring of the region of Magadan, Chukotka Autonomous Area and the shelf of adjacent seas (the Okhotsk, Chukchi, Bering and East Siberian seas) are considered. There were 14 seismic stations working in the region in 2016–2017. The new station “Talon” was opened on the Okhotsk sea coast. The catalog includes information about 577 earthquakes with energy classes KR=4.6–12.7. As usual, most of them (88 %) are located in the Kolyma region (area № 2). The additional catalog contains information about 12 earthquakes in the Chukchi. The total seismic energy released within the region’s borders was equal to ΣЕ=1.861013 J. The energy representativeness map of earthquakes with Kmin=5–10 was built. It shows that the described network of stations records earthquakes with Kmin=7 at the Magadan region, with Kmin=8 in the Okhotsk sea without omissions. In 2016–2017 the strongest earthquake with KR=12.7 (mbMOS=4.8) occurred on November 5 in Chukchi Peninsula. Five earthquakes with the intensity I=2–4 (according to the Russian Seismic Intensity scale introduced in 2017) were felt in the North East settlements. The maximum shaking intensity of I=4 was observed in the Beringovskiy settlement (∆=22 km). Joint map of epicenters of the Magadan region earthquakes and tectonic zoning scheme shows that most earthquakes are confined to the largest deep faults in the northwestern and sublatitudinal directions. All hypocenters are located within the Earth's crust. The seismicity level of the North-East of Russia in 2016–2017 according to the “SOUS-09” scale was assessed as "background average" for the observation period from 1968 to 2017. Spatially, all earthquakes are traditionally concentrated in large seismogenic belts: Chersky, North-Okhotsk and Trans-Beringian.

SEISMISITY of THE VOLCANIC AREAS of KAMCHATKA in 2015

The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. Annual results of seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky, and Ushkovsky), the Avacha (Avachinsky, and Koryaksky), the Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano groups and the Kizimen volcano are presented. 5464 earthquakes with КS=1.8–8.1 were located for the Northern volcano group, 302 earthquakes with КS=1.7–5.7 – for the Avacha volcano group, 295 earthquakes with КS=2.1–6.8 for the Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 462 earthquakes with КS=2.2–8.3 for Kizimen volcano, and 165 earthquakes with КS=2.5–8.4 for Zhupanovsky volcano in 2015. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy and earthquake distribution by energy classes are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote methods in 2015: intensive volcanic activity of the Sheveluch volcano associated with a new cone; the summit explosive-effusive eruption of the Kluchevskoy volcano in January–April; and a continuation of seismic and volcanic activity of the Zhupanovsky volcano after 56-year quite period.

SAKHALIN

A review of the Sakhalin seismicity in 2014 based on the data of regional network is given. The network included four stationary and ten temporary digital seismic stations. This network was supported by ten stations of local network operating in the south of Sakhalin. Parameters of 450 seismic events, including 25 explosions, and focal mechanisms for 4 events are determined. 22 earthquakes had a macroseismic effect. The map of earthquake completeness and the map of epicenters are given. The distribution of crust and deep earthquakes on magnitude and their summarized energy for seven seismoactive areas in comparison with average parameters for 2001–2013 are presented. For each area and the region as a whole, an analysis of the seismic regime parameters in 2014 in comparison with long-term parameters is given, tangible and strong earthquakes are described. The seismicity of the Sakhalin region in 2014 can be characterized as a moderate one. Somewhat increased seismic activity was recorded in the East Sakhalin and Southeastern areas.

CARPATHIANS

The article describes seismic observations in the Carpathian region in 2014, which were carried out, as before, by two organizations from two states: in Ukraine – the Seismicity Department of the Carpathian region of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in Moldova – the Seismology Laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Seismology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. In Ukraine, 20 stationary digital stations and 3 temporary ones worked in the Dniester energy complex with a processing center in Lviv, in Moldova - six stations with a center in Chisinau. Different programs, local hodo-graphs and magnitudes were used. The consolidated catalog of earthquakes was created in Lviv. A map of epi-centers and a table of the distribution of earthquakes of different classes by region are given. The total number of earthquakes in 2014 was NΣ=81 in the range KP =5.2–14.3 with the interval of hypocenter depths h=1–154 km and the total seismic energy ΣE=2.11·1014 J. Of these, 18 earthquakes with depths h=77–154 km located in the Vrancea zone. The maximum earthquake with KP=14.3 was registered on November 22 in the Precarpathian Trough with hрР=37 km. In the Vrancha mountains the maximum earthquake occurred on March 29 with the KP=12.5 and hрР=136 km. In the Precarpathian and Transcarpathian regions, all earthquakes were weaker. The most powerful event in Transcarpathia was a perceptible earthquake that occurred near the Trostnyk seismic station on November 15 with KP=8.9. The earthquake source is located in the Earth's crust at a depth of h=10 km. The earthquake was felt by the population of the Dyakovo, Trostnyk, Fanchykovo villages with the intensity of 5 and 4–5. In general, in all the seismically active zones of the Carpathians in 2014, there was a slight increase in the level of seismicity compared to that in 2013.

YAKUTIA

The results of Yakutia seismicity monitoring based on data from 24 digital seismic stations are presented. 718 earthquakes with KP=7–14 were recorded. A map of epicenters and their distribution by areas of the region are given. The most active areas were the Olekma and Aldan highlands in the south, the Laptev Sea, Chersky Range and Primorsky lowland in the north-east and the Arctic part of the region. A significant decrease (10-times less) in the amount of released seismic energy was observed in comparison with this parameter for 2013.

VOLCANOES OF KAMCHATKA

The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and the ash clouds. Daily information about volcanic activity is published in the Internet (http://www.emsd.ru/~ssl/ monitoring/main.htm) since February 2000. Annual results of seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Klu-chevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky and Ushkovsky), Avacha (Avachinsky and Koryaksky), Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group and Kizimen volcano are presented. 4983 earthquakes with КS=2.1–8.7 were located for Northern volcano group, 469 earthquakes with КS=1.6–6.1 – for Avacha volcano group, 459 earthquakes with КS=1.9–6.1 – Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 220 earthquakes with КS=2.4–8.5 for Kizimen volcano and 238 earthquakes with КS=2.5–8.4 for Zhupanovsky volcano in 2014. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy and earth-quake distribution according to class are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote me-thods in 2014: intensive volcanic activity of Shiveluch volcano associated with new cone, a con-tinuation of the seismic and volcanic activity of Zhupanovsky volcano after 56-year quite period and the ending of the summit explosive-effusive eruption of Kluchevskoy volcano in January-February.

Курило-Охотский регион

The review of the annual seismicity of the Kurilo-Okhotsk region is submitted. Parameters of 863 earthquakes are determined by records of four Kuril stations. Their distribution of hypocenter depth is given. The maximal depth has made h=620 km in 2013. The distribution of earthquakes on the magnitude and their summarized energy on areas of the region is given. The map of epicenters, together with focal mechanisms for 23 earth-quakes is shown. For each area, seismic conditions are described.

CARPATHIANS

The seismic observations in the Carpathian region in 2013, which were conducted, as before, by two organizations from two states: in Ukraine, by the seismicity department of the Carpathian region of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and in Moldova by the seismology laboratory of the Institute of Geology and Seismology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova are described. There were 19 digital stations with a processing center in Lviv, Ukraine, and 6 stations with a center in Chisinau, Moldova. Various programs, local hodographs, and magnitudes were used. The consolidated catalog of earthquakes is created in Lviv. The map of epicenters and the table of the distribution of earthquakes of differ-ent classes by regions are given. The total number of earthquakes in 2013 was N=98 in the range of КР=5.7–14.1 and the depth interval of hypocenters h=1–150 km with total seismic energy Е=1.331014 J. Of these, 19 earthquakes with depths h=80–160 km is located in the Vrancea zone. Two maximum earth-quakes with КР=14.1 and КР=12.3 were recorded on October 6 and 15 in the Vrancea mountains with h=139.8 and 140.9 km. In Forecarpathians and Transcarpathia all earthquakes are weaker. The most significant event in Transcarpathia was the earthquake on April 4, 2013, with КР=8.4 in the area of «Nizhnее Selishche» seismic station. The earthquake source is located in the earth's crust at a depth of h=1.7 km. The earthquake was felt by the population of the Village Nizhnее Selishche with an intensity I=3–4. In general, in all seismic active zones of the Carpathians in 2013, there was a slight increase in the level of seismicity compared with that in 2012.

ВУЛКАНЫ КАМЧАТКИ

The results of near real-time monitoring of the active Kamchatka volcanoes are described. Continuous monitoring was carried out using three remote methods: 1) seismic monitoring according to automatic telemetric seismic stations; 2) visual and video observation; 3) satellite observation of the thermal anomalies and ash clouds. Daily information about the volcanic activity is published on the Internet (http://www.emsd.ru/~ssl/monitoring/main.htm) since February 2000. Annual results of the seismic activity of the Northern (Shiveluch, Kluchevskoy, Bezymianny, Krestovsky, and Ushkovsky), Avacha (Avachinsky and Koryaksky), Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, and Kizimen volcano are presented. 4390 earthquakes with КS=3.0–8.5 were located for the Northern volcano group, 213 earthquakes with КS=1.8–5.7 – for Avacha volcano group, 110 earthquakes with КS=2.7–7.2 – Mutnovsky-Gorely volcano group, 199 earthquakes with КS=3.0–8.5 for Kizimen volcano, and 22 earthquakes with КS=3.7–6.7 for the Zhupanovsky volcano in 2013. Maps of epicenters, quantities of seismic energy, and earthquake distribution according to class are given. All periods of activity were fixed and investigated by remote methods in 2013: intensive volcanic activity of Sheveluch volcano associated with new cone, subplinian summit eruption of Kluchevskoy volcano, seismic and volcanic activity of Zhupanovsky volcano after a 56-year quite period, and the ending of the long-time eruptions: Tolbachik fissure eruption and Kizimen volcano eruption.

NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA

The seismic monitoring results of Magadan Oblast, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and adjacent sea shelfs (of Okhotsk, Chukchi, Bering, and East Siberian seas) are analyzed. The information about 14 digital seismic stations, as well as monitoring equipment types and parameters, is given. The maps of earthquakes energy representativeness, seismic stations, and epicenters are presented. The distributions of earthquakes number by energy classes and the total amount of seismic energy across six regions and border areas of North East are provided. The catalog includes information about 252 events with energy classes КR from 5.4 to 13.8. The earthquake epicenters of the Kolyma region are marked on the tectonic zoning scheme of Magadan Oblast. All earthquakes in North-East of Russia are spatially associated with the major seismogenic belts: the Chersky, the North Okhotsk and the Trans-Bering Sea

Казахстан

In 2013, seismic monitoring in Kazakhstan was conducted by two organizations: the Seismological Experience-Methodical expedition of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (SEME), and the Institute of Geophysical Research of the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (IGR). The station network consists of three-component stations and seismic arrays. The work presents detailed information on seismic observation networks. The catalogue of seismic events of Kazakhstan is made by da-ta of above mentioned Organizations. It includes 1036 earthquakes with energy class КР=6.6–14.7. The catalog contains several additional sheets with Attachments: Microseismic data on felt earthquakes, parameters of focal mechanisms of 55 earthquakes, information on coordinates of 29 urban areas with felt shakes, parameters of 1123 aftershocks, and two forshocks of Saryzhas (Narynkol) earthquake in the range of energy classes КР=4.5–11.8. Two maps of earthquake epicenters are shown in the paper: for the whole Kazakhstan territory with КР≥8.6 and for Northern Tien Shan territory with КР≥6.6. The largest earthquake of the year was the Saryzhas earthquake that occurred in Northern Tien Shan on January 28, MS=6.0, КР=14.7. The earthquake was felt on the territory of Kazakhstan and China and was followed by numerous aftershocks. For the first day, only its number exceeded 500. It was noted that the total released seismic energy in 2013 exceeded significantly the same parameter of 2012.