Manuscript Names Research Articles

The lost vent gastropod species of Lothar A. Beck.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents host many endemic species adapted to these chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. The exploration of vent fields including those in the tropical Pacific is currently accelerating, due to the development of deep-sea mining for valuable minerals. Molecular evidence has shown that many vent endemic gastropod lineages include sibling species pairs in adjacent oceanic basins. While the fauna of the Manus Basin is relatively well described, many lineages in adjacent regions in North Fiji or Lau Basins are recognised as separate species, but unnamed. Valuable material from this fauna was studied by Lothar A. Beck in the 1990s, who fully drafted descriptions for these species, but did not publish them. Beck's manuscript names, prior to the present study, represented real species but nomina nuda without taxonomic validity. Here we present the descriptions of seven new species and one new genus, extracted from Beck's unpublished manuscript that was rediscovered after his death in 2020. The publication of these descriptions makes them taxonomically available and respects the scientific contributions of Beck. Providing valid descriptions of these species is critically important now to enable the recognition of species that may require conservation in the face of future environmental destruction. Symmetriapelta Beck, gen. nov. is described as new genus. Bathyacmaea nadinae Beck, sp. nov., Pyropelta ovalis Beck, sp. nov., Pseudorimula leisei Beck, sp. nov., Lepetodrilus fijiensis Beck, sp. nov., Shinkailepas conspira Beck, sp. nov., Symmetromphalus mcleani Beck, sp. nov. and Symmetriapelta wareni Beck, sp. nov. are introduced as new species.

Three new species of the genus Xenolecanium Takahasi (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), with an updated generic diagnosis and key to species

Among the scale insect slide mounts deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, U.K. are several that were originally collected by the late Ryoichi Takahashi. These include slides of three previously undescribed species of Xenolecanium (Coccidae: Coccomorpha), each given a manuscript name by Takahashi. These species are here formally described and illustrated: X. ryoichii Hodgson sp. nov., X. maritimum Hodgson sp. nov. and X. pendleburyi Hodgson sp. nov. A revised generic diagnosis and a key to the five species now known in Xenolecanium is included.

Resolution of a 35-year taxonomic dilemma: Eucalyptus sp. Howes Swamp Creek (Myrtaceae) from eastern Wollemi National Park, New South Wales

The identity of a population of eucalypts from Howes Swamp Creek in the eastern part of Wollemi National Park in New South Wales has remained unresolved for over 35 years. Despite several workers inspecting both the site and the trees growing there over this period, little consensus has been achieved on its taxonomic status. Various suggestions have been made that the entity was a new species with affinities to Eucalyptus dalrympleana, E. viminalis or E. bridgesiana, and at one time the unpublished manuscript name E. ‘wollemiensis’ was used. Because of the perceived small population size and threats posed by wildfire and other factors, the entity phrase name E. sp. Howes Swamp Creek (M.Doherty 26) was listed as an endangered taxon in both Commonwealth and State threatened species legislation. Our investigations over the last few years, involving field, seedling, and herbarium studies, have determined the original reference specimen designated for the phrase name is E. bridgesiana, and that the population from which the specimen was gathered comprises a hybrid swarm of E. bridgesiana × E. viminalis. Both parent species are present at the site, although the former species is seemingly very rare there. We recommend that E. sp. Howes Swamp Creek be removed from threatened species legislation, and that the names E. sp. Howes Swamp Creek (M.Doherty 26) and E. ‘wollemiensis’ ms be considered nomenclatural synonyms of E. bridgesiana.

Temminck's new bird names introduced in the early parts of the Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux in 1820–22

In deciding to provide a complement to Buffon's Histoire naturelle des oiseaux, Temminck, who had not previously published a ‘part work’ on this scale undertook to do so under the name Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d’oiseaux. At the start Temminck did not provide texts; each part included six plates. Of the many problems to solve the three main ones seemed to be: (i) the number of plates per part, (ii) the dates of publication, and (iii) the need to discover the wrappers issued with parts 1–20. The plates carried French names, but for these 20 parts the wrappers provided the new scientific names and attributed authorship. From previous studies we conclude that the Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées must be considered as two works, and that the first of these (livraisons 1–20) must be seen as complete with the inclusion of the wrappers. We then examine all names applicable to images in these 120 plates, assessing authorship, date of publication and date precedence. We identified three cases where names long in prevailing usage require application to the ICZN for a ruling on reversal of precedence. We list 15 names that have been in widespread use over the last 60 years that risk changes if the names on the wrappers are judged unacceptable. Our Appendix deals with the 86 names Temminck thought new: (a) 27 of Temminck’s own names with precedence; (b) 19 manuscript names for which Temminck is the author; (c) 27 Temminck names which are junior synonyms; (d) 12 manuscript names from Temminck that are also junior synonyms; (e) one name used for two specimens Temminck thought were of the same species but proved different.

Camitia Gray, 1842 – the identity of its type species (Vetigastropoda: Trochidae)

ABSTRACT A discrepancy between the well-established interpretation and use of the genus-level name Camitia Gray, 1842 and that determined by its currently accepted type species is highlighted. The paradox centres on the true identity of ‘Tr. pulcherrima Gray’ [sic], a name cited by Gray (1847) as the type species of Camitia. One interpretation of this name is that it refers to Trochus pulcherrimus, one of J.E. Gray’s many manuscript names first published by W. Wood in 1828. In which case Camitia is a subjective senior synonym of Prothalotia Thiele, 1930 – an interpretation very much at odds with its current use. Re-evaluation of ‘Tr. pulcherrima Gray’ in the light of the current concept of Camitia suggests that it represents a lapsus calami for Monodonta pulcherrima, another of Gray’s manuscript names, which was not validated until it was figured as Camitia pulcherrima H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854. The latter interpretation serves to preserve the prevailing usage of both Camitia Gray, 1842 and Prothalotia Thiele, 1930. The type species of Camitia Gray, 1842 is shown to be Camitia pulcherrima H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 by subsequent monotypy.

<strong>Notes on the diatom collection of the Natural History Museum, London (BM) II–IV. Some type specimens in the genus <em>Aulacodiscus</em> Ehrenberg and nomenclatural notes on <em>Thumia</em> Cleve ex F.B. Taylor </strong>

The diatom collection at the Natural History Museum, London (BM) is in the process of reviewing the card index that is the primary guide. The cards direct the user to the glass slides in the collection that are supposed to include specimens of the particular species indicated. The cards indicate which slides contain type specimens. Not all the types have been discovered. Occasionally, a card will refer to a name that has never been published, effectively a manuscript or herbarium name. This series of notes has been created to clarify some of those names and, where necessary, validly publish the names (part I was published earlier, Williams 2020).

<p><strong>Typification of the name <em>Kalanchoe scapigera</em> (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)</strong></p>

Britten (1871: 391–398), when treating the genus Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) for the Flora of Tropical Africa (FTA) project, recognised 18 species as indigenous to that part of Africa (see Oliver 1868 for the geographical coverage of the project). Six of these, 30% of the FTA kalanchoes, were based on material that Dr Friedrich [Martin Joseph] Welwitsch (5 February 1806, Maria Saal, Austria–20 October 1872, London, United Kingdom) collected while he was based in Angola (see also Figueiredo et al. 2018). In the case of four of the species, Britten (1871) explicitly linked them to Welwitsch’s manuscript names by stating “Welw. mss.” after the species names. The four species are (here and further on including the species numbers used by Britten): [#5.] K. brachyloba Welwitsch ex Britten (1871: 392); [#7.] K. platysepala Welwitsch ex Britten (1871: 393); [#13.] K. coccinea Welwitsch ex Britten (1871: 395); and [#17.] K. scapigera Welwitsch ex Britten (1871: 397). One other species, [#15.] K. velutina Welwitsch (1871: 396), was described by Welwitsch and a further species, [#10.] K. welwitschii Britten (1871: 394), was named in honour of Welwitsch by Britten, based on material collected by Welwitsch. Welwitsch also provided voucher material for the occurrence of the widespread [#4.] K. laciniata (Linnaeus 1753: 430) De Candolle (1802: tab. 100), [#11.] K. crenata (Andrews 1797: tab. 21) Haworth (1812: 109), and [#16.] K. glandulosa Hochstetter ex Richard (1847: 312) in Angola (Britten 1871).

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The Incremental Artificial Immune System for Arabic Handwritten Recognition

The historical document is a treasure. The frequent use of these documents requires having a numeric copy. The use of these numeric documents requires developing techniques to facilitate their use. The search by content, the word spotting, and handwriting recognition became important points of research in document analysis. For this purpose, in this article is covered the recognition of the Arabic manuscript names extracted from the register of names of the Tunisian national archive. In the study, the authors have used several techniques for extracting knowledge, coding, and name recognition. The authors have also optimized the clonclas algorithm using the incremental principle from the i2gng algorithm. The results encourage continuing exploration.

Beetle Heritage: Cataloguing the Primary Types of Coleoptera in the C. A. Triplehorn Insect Collection

The primary types of beetles (Coleoptera) in the C. A. Triplehorn Insect Collection at The Ohio State University are catalogued. Data on original combinations, current combinations, and type locality are verified and presented. A brief history of the collection is recounted. There are 200 primary types (172 holotypes, seven neotypes, one lectotype, 20 syntypes) from 28 families and eight countries in the collection. A total of 24 specimens labeled by others as primary types were confirmed as manuscript names and are presented in a separate list. The primary type of Luperaltica nitida Wilcox is presumed to be lost. The presumed holotype of Edrotes fossor Triplehorn was previously erroneously labeled, and a lectotype is designated from the paratype series.

An annotated type catalogue of seven genera of operculate land snails (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae) in the Natural History Museum, London.

The collection of the seven cyclophorid snail genera housed in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), includes 95 available species-level names belonging to the genera Pterocyclos Benson, 1832, Cyclotus Swainson, 1840, Myxostoma Troschel, 1847, Rhiostoma Benson, 1860, Scabrina Blanford, 1863, Crossopoma Martens, 1891, and Pearsonia Kobelt, 1902. Lectotypes are here designated for twelve available species-level names to stabilise existing the nomenclature. A complete catalogue of these types, including colour photographs, is provided for the first time. After examining these type specimens, an unpublished manuscript name was found and is described herein as Pterocyclosanamullayensis Sutcharit & Panha, sp. n.

Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom, London

We revise the type specimens of 132 nominal species of worldwide Triphoridae stored in the Natural History Museum of the United Kingdom (NHMUK), London. We provide the species name in its original combination, followed by bibliographic details of the original description, the location of the known type material, the original description (and its translation when in Latin), a diagnosis and curatorial or nomenclatural notes. We illustrated most specimens in the type series in colour and with SEM imaging and we have added the original figure whenever possible. The specimens ofTriphorisalveolatus,T.granulatus,T.suturalisandT.verrucosus, all A. Adams & Reeve, 1850,T.pfeifferiCrosse & Fischer, 1865 andT.cucullatusde Folin, 1867, previously considered type material, are not considered here belonging to the type series. Adams & Reeve’s taxa should be considerednomina dubia. The nameTriphorainsularumis a manuscript name by H.E.J. Biggs who deposited “types” in the NHMUK but refrained from introducing the name due to the lack of apex of the studied material. We selected lectotypes for six species (T.concorsHinds, 1843,T.maxillarisHinds, 1843,T.fuscomaculataE.A. Smith, 1904,T.shepstonensisE.A. Smith, 1906,T.eupunctataG.B. Sowerby III, 1907, andT.rufulaWatson, 1886) to stabilize the nomenclature. Finally, we illustrate original specimens (although not types) of three species described by Turton, whose type material is lost.

John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891): His Life and Malacological Contributions

This paper provides a biography, bibliography and taxonomic catalog for John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891), emphasizing his malacological research based upon his sizable collection and his contributions to the growth and expansion of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the predecessor to the American Museum of Natural History. Jay described one new genus and 49 new species of molluscs; type specimens are known for 34 of them. He also published but did not describe 76 manuscript names mostly from material collected by Nuttall, of which 28 were made available by later authors (mostly by either Reeve or Carpenter). His collection and sizable library of rare books formed the nucleus of the malacological collection and the rare book library of the American Museum of Natural History. This paper summarizes his life, the growth of his collection, his publications, his new taxa, and his broader role in 19th-century New York professional life.

Two New Species of Bibloplectus Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae:Pselaphinae) from the Orlando Park Collection, Field Museum of Natural History.

Two new species of Bibloplectus Reitter, 1881 are described from the Orlando Park Collection of Pselaphinae at the FMNH (Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA): Bibloplectus silvestris Owens and Carlton, new species (type locality, Urbana, IL, USA) and Bibloplectus wingi Owens and Carlton, new species (type locality, Shades State Park, IN, USA). Types of these new species were part of a series of specimens bearing unpublished Park manuscript names in both the pinned and slide collection at the FMNH. They bring the total number of species in the genus in eastern North America to twenty-three. Resolving these manuscript names adds to previous efforts to uncover elements of the hidden diversity of North American Bibloplectus from museum collections (Owens and Carlton 2016, Owens and Carlton 2017) and highlights the importance of close examination of the Orlando Park pselaphine collection as a valuable historic and taxonomic resource.

An illustrated catalogue of Rudolf Sturany's type specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHMW): deep-sea Eastern Mediterranean molluscs.

The “Pola” expeditions were the first to explore the deep Eastern Mediterranean Sea in the 1890s. They remained the most intense surveys in that area for a century and constitute today a fundamental baseline to assess change in the basin, whose fauna is still inadequately described. Solid taxonomic foundations for the study of deep-sea organisms are needed and we here contribute by revising the name-bearing types of mollusc species introduced by Rudolf Sturany on the basis of the “Pola” material from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea stored in the Natural History Museum in Vienna. Sturany introduced 15 names (Marginella occulta var. minor Sturany, 1896 shall not be considered as the introduction of a new name). He described and established two manuscript names by Monterosato: Jujubinus igneus and Pseudomurex ruderatus. The genus Isorropodon was also introduced together with its type species I. perplexum. For each name, we list the available type material, provide the original description and a translation into English and illustrate the specimens in colour and with SEM imaging.

A new species of Sinacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southcentral China based on male adult, larva and drumming signals, and validation of the Japanese species of the genus

Sinacroneuria obscura Li & Murányi, sp. n. is proposed from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southcentral China. The new species is described on the basis of male adult, male and female larvae, and drumming signal. This new taxon is compared with related congeners. Sinacroneuria acuticornis Uchida, sp. n. is proposed to validate the manuscript name Nishineuria cornuta Uchida, 1990. The male and larva of Acroneuriini incertae sedis sensu Shimizu et al. (2005) confirmed to refer to this species.

Revision of the genus Vanenga Schaus, 1928 (Lepidoptera, Mimallonoidea, Mimallonidae) with the description of a new species.

Vanenga Schaus, 1928, like many other Mimallonidae genera being revised in recent years, has not been studied since Schaus (1928) in his revision of the family. This currently monotypic genus is entirely restricted to South America, with no known representatives in Central or North America. Prior to this work, Schaus (1928) and subsequent lists of the family (Gaede 1931, Becker 1996) have mentioned the single species Vanenga mera (Dognin, 1924) described from the Brazilian Amazon (Pará state). In Schaus (1928) this species is listed as occurring in both Amazonia and southeastern Brazil.In completing the present article, numerous “type” specimens have been discovered bearing three different manuscript names associated with the populations of southeastern Brazil and adjacent areas. Despite the fact that these names were written on various labels, the absence of any published descriptions results in them being unavailable (ICZN 1999). Therefore, this distinct southern South American species is now officially recognized and formally described, as well as providing a much more thorough distribution for both Vanenga species, including many new records for Vanenga mera.

Typification and nomenclature of Polypodium wallichii (Dipteris wallichii, Dipteridaceae)

Polypodium wallichii R.Br. ex Hooker & Greville (1830: 169) is based on a manuscript name of Robert Brown published by Wallich (1829) in his Numerical List, but that manuscript lacks a description. Hooker & Greville (1830) provided this description of P. wallichii, hence validating the name and thus the author citation should be “R.Br. ex Hook. & Grev.”.

NewOchrotrichiaMosely, 1934 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Western North America

Abstract. Seven new species of Ochrotrichia Mosely, 1934 are described and illustrated from western United States and Mexico. Clarification of several of the Donald Burdick manuscript names is provided. Suggestions for habitats where future collection emphasis should be directed is included.

On the authorship and types of three Ogasawara helicinids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

During a review of the molluscan type specimens at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) it was discovered that in 1909 Anton Wagner inadvertently validated one of Henry Pilsbry's manuscript names for a helicinid species from the Ogasawara islands in Japan, and designated its holotype. In a 1956 paper, Tokubei Kuroda unintentionally validated two further Pilsbry manuscript names for taxa in this fauna. In 1980, Hiroshi Minato published a synopsis of the Helicinidae of the Ogasawara Islands, in which he introduced all three names as new.A review is given here of the history of the three names, with selections and figures of two lectotypes. Taxonomically this is an unusual and interesting case, as ICZN Articles 11.6.1 and 50.7 are cited. The status of the apparently unpublished name subdiscrepans is reviewed.