Manuscript Annotations Research Articles

Type Locality of Clematis <I>Hedysarifolia</I> A.P. Dc.

European collectors in the past have had difficulties in transcribing clearly and consistently oriental names and plant collecting localities. Further, wrong rendering of manuscript annotations on herbarium sheets, possible bad. proof correction prior to publication, and sometimes a poor geographic sense, have singly or together, led to the ascribing of wrong localities of occurrence to some plant species, resulting in distorted distribution data. Clematis hedysarifola A.P. DC. is discussed as an example, and the type locality of this species is now concluded to be in the Western Ghats, 1 degree south of Bombay, at Dasgam.

Musical Aesthetics of Silence: Nilus of Sora in the Context of the Singing Culture of his Era

The article is devoted to the consideration of the philosophical (hesychast) heritage of Nilus of Sora in the context of the church singing culture of his time based on the material of surviving notated manuscripts of the late 15th – early 16th centuries. His essay “The Tradition and Rules of Living in the Hermitage” contains ideas of a musical and aesthetic nature, some evidence about the singing culture of that era and a value assessment of a number of phenomena of musical and church life.

Особенности нотирования славников «Смысл очистивше» и «Яко венцем пресветлым» в Студийскую эпоху

The oldest slavs from the Theotokos Services, which have Byzantine origin, are included early enough in the repertoire of the Mina Stichera of the Studio era. In the notated manuscripts of this period, a strong relationship is established between two of the three Mother of God feasts – the Position of the Belt and the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, whose chants have been included in the repertoire of the Intercession service since the XV century. This article is devoted to the study of the notated lists of hymns "Like the crown of the Most Holy" and "The Meaning is cleansed" during the period of dissemination of the Studio Charter. The main sources of research were the Mine Stichera of the Studio era from the collections of the Russian National Library (RNB), the Library of the Academy of Sciences (BAN), the Russian State Library (RSE), the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The author examines in detail the features of notation, the "main editions" of the chants served as a reference material. Due to the lack of the possibility of reconstructing the original source, and even more so of deciphering the notes of the Studio era, the main method of analysis is the comparison of melodic-graphic formulas. As a result of the analysis, the obvious relationship between the sources of both earlier and later ones is clearly demonstrated. For convenience, textual scores were compiled, fixing the "main edition" of each chant in chronological sequence (from earlier lists to later ones).

Фиты в дореформенных и пореформенных списках нотированного Октоиха XVII в.

The article is devoted to a significant element of znamenny chant - fitnoy singing. It examines both the lettering and chanting of fitts in the notated Octoechos, in particular, how the general patterns of fitt singing are manifested in the Octoechos. This work shows that the use of fit in the chants of the Octoechos does not depend directly on the genre of the chant, although certain regularities can be traced. In addition, the number of fits is distributed unevenly among the voices, just as in other books and in theoretical manuals - fitniki. At the same time, some fitas are repeated more than once within a vowel section. Comparison of lists close in time and type allows us to identify "author's" variants of the arrangement of fittas or chants of fittas, although in general variants of chants for fittas in the margins or in the banner line of Octoechos chants are rarely recorded. Special attention is paid to the degree of preservation of the chants in connection with the process of correction of liturgical books in the middle of the 17th century, which also affected notated manuscripts. In this connection the lists of the pre-reform, post-reform and transitional editions of the Octoechos are compared diachronically. The comparison shows that most of the fictional formulae were preserved in the process of correcting the notated Octoechos, and, as a rule, their location in the poetic text did not change either. These conclusions testify to the preservation of the tradition, which does not exclude the creative approach of the masters in some cases.

Holy women in the medieval music culture from the sources from the area of Slovakia

Medieval chants celebrating the feasts of female saints can be divided into two major groups. The first group includes the repertoire of the mass liturgy, which, as a rule, is located in the proprium de sanctis part of the missals or graduals (or the so called sequentiale). The second, much more varied group consists of a repertoire of chants that are part of the liturgy of the hours (breviaries, antiphonaries, psalters). Ritus of Esztergom is documented by manuscripts from the late Middle Ages, especially from the 15th century, a smaller part from the 12th–14th century. The codices we have in Slovakia from the Middle Ages contain more or less Esztergom liturgical tradition, some of them show foreign influences. The central liturgy of the Esztergom rite is preserved in an extremely precise form especially in the notated manuscripts from Bratislava (Bratislava Missal I EC Lad. 3, the State Archive in Bratislava, Bratislava Antiphonaries I–IV). The Spiš codices show the Esztergom rite in a specific, regional version (Spiš Antiphonary Mss. No. 2, Spiš Graduale Mss. No. 1, Spišská Kapitula). Other Spiš manuscripts, preserved now in Budapest and Alba Julia, contain a number of specific features typical of Spiš (the library Batthyaneum Alba Julia: Breviary R. II. 46, Breviary R. III. 94, Breviary R II. 102, Diurnale R. II. 125; Budapest: Breviary 63. 74. I. C Hungarian National Museum, Breviary 63. 84. C Hungarian National Museum). Among the feasts of medieval female saints, the most prominent was the liturgical celebration of the various feasts of the Virgin Mary. Among those feasts, then, the most important feasts were Purificatio BMV (2. 2.), Annuntiatio BMV (25. 3.), Visitatio BMV (usually 2. 7.), BMV de Nive (5. 8.), Assumptio BMV (15. 8.), Nativitas BMV (8. 9.), Praesentatio BMV (21. 11.) and Conceptio BMV (8. 12). Besides them, within the Esztergom proprium de sanctis the most important are those female saints, to whom a mass form accompanied by music notation is dedicated, or those for whom a specific liturgy of the hours have been created. In the extant manuscripts from Slovakia, the most distinguished are the following female saints: St. Agnes, St. Agatha, St. Cecilia, St. Lucia, St. Margaret, St. Mary Magdalene, St. Ursula, St. Catherine, St. Dorothea, St. Anne and St. Elizabeth.

Classroom Commentaries and their Communities of Interpretation in Central Europe in the 1510s and 1520s

This paper presents the East Central European late medieval and early sixteenth century classroom commentaries as a source material which is still relatively unexplored and little researched, and has a great potential for understanding the communal experience of reading at the threshold of the early modern times. A large number of early prints survive from the years 1480–1550 with manuscript annotations which show clear signs of having been read in a university environment. After a survey of the typical characteristics of such prints, I will particularly focus on sources coming from the university of Cracow and Vienna from the years 1490–1535, and examine this material from several aspects, including the reading procedure, the purposes of reading, the commenting practice, the main type of commentaries, and the individual reading experience. I will try to show that the change in the format of media that the appearance of print, and particularly this type of prints brought along was also able to involve new readers and change the way in which the interpretation of the text was carried out.

“Special Feature: The Achievements of John Dennis,” ed. Claude Willan. 1650–1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era, ed. Kevin L. Cope

“Special Feature: The Achievements of John Dennis,” ed. Claude Willan. <i>1650–1850: Ideas, Aesthetics, and Inquiries in the Early Modern Era, ed. Kevin L. Cope</i>

Manuscript Linking, Comparison, and Visual Annotation with IIIF: A Case Study on Leonardo’s Codices

ABSTRACT This article explores the possibility of interrogating and analysing Leonardo da Vinci’s codices by means of digital open-source technologies for the visualization, annotation, and presentation of sources and manuscripts. IIIF digitized codices and interoperable technologies offer a ground-breaking methodology in the field of Leonardo studies, that allows the user to simultaneously consult and examine images belonging to various repositories and to investigate the interaction of words and images in his manuscripts. By discussing the advantages and disadvantages of these tools as well as sustainability issues, this study deals with technical information that can guide the reader in working with web technology to carry out practical case studies. Finally, through IIIF exhibit tools, users can view Leonardo’s textual and visual annotations in the context of the page, and in relation to the wider assemblages of his leaves, in an engaging and interactive experience.

Books and Manuscripts 2020

Books and Manuscripts 2020

Annotated Copies of Early Editions of Johnson's Dictionary: A Preliminary Account

Abstract Early responses to Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language included manuscript annotations, sometimes very extensive, in copies of the dictionary. This article surveys twenty-one copies of eighteenth-century editions of the dictionary with critical or informative annotations, bearing on etymology or usage, adding new words or senses, or improving the supply and referencing of quotations. Some of these copies are extant in institutional or private collections, and others are unlocated. The annotators include Johnson himself; members of his circle including Edmund Burke, Samuel Dyer, Edmond Malone, Hester Piozzi, and George Steevens; and other readers including Leigh Hunt, Horne Tooke, Noah Webster, and John Wilkes.

Vellozo's Florae Fluminensis: A new assessment of the São Paulo part of his collecting itinerary, its vegetation, and species list

AbstractOur analysis of Vellozo's itineraries and his manuscript annotations show that ca. 1/4 of the names described in his Florae Fluminensis were based on plants collected in the municipality of Cunha, state of São Paulo. This region, within the Atlantic Forest domain, encompasses various vegetation formations, such as montane ombrophilous forests, mixed ombrophilous forests, and high‐altitude open savanna enclaves. Using Vellozo's manuscripts, we traced his collecting itinerary, correlating his descriptive terms for the vegetation types to the toponyms and dates. In contrast to the term “maritimus”, associated in Florae Fluminensis with the Atlantic Forest vegetation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the term “mediterraneus” is associated with the vegetation along the Royal Road (Estrada Real) in the region of Cunha, state of São Paulo and is usually related to the term “transalpinus” of the region of mountaintops delimiting the border between the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Maps of Vellozo's itinerary, as well as a discussion of species names most likely described from the state of São Paulo are provided.

The Archive Owners of the Montevergine State Library

The Montevergine State Library is an Italian public library depending on the Minister of Culture. It was originally an ecclesiastical library which, in the second half of the 19th century, became public following the enactment of the laws on suppression of the religious corporations. It is located inside the Loreto Abbey Palace in Mercogliano (Avellino, Italy). Nowadays the Montevergine State Library is a modern office offering all tipical public libraries services, including document reproduction, local loan and interlibrary loan. Logging in the institutional website of the Montevergine State Library, you can consult the Archive Owners in the <i>Special Catalogues</i> section. The books, especially the ancient ones, are filled with ex-libris, stamps, manuscript annotations, bindings, etc. These indications, although are signs that smear the books, nevertheless are elements that must be taken into account when cataloguing a book and describing the specimen you own. In 2013 a new version of the library's website was released and on that occasion the Archive Owners was implemented. Its original nucleus was derived from the systematic work of cataloguing the 16th century editions possessed: this work started in 2002 and ended in 2015 with the publication of the printed catalogue <i>Le cinquecentine della Biblioteca di Montevergine</i>. A large sample of possession notes are present on the 1050 editions of the sixteenth century owned by the Montevergine State Library; the right prominence was given to these notes in the Archive Owners published on the institutional website. The work is still in progress, in fact the Archive is integrated from time to time whenever there is a new note of possession on the books present in the library. In most cases it was possible to draw up a complete biographical record of the owner, also accompaned by photos, one or more.jpg files in which the various formulas used by the owner are scanned and the links to bibliographic information in the library's opac.

Historical materiality of performance: On the costumes of The Rite of Spring (1913)

By focusing on surviving costumes of the 1913 production of The Rite of Spring, this article asks how a close examination of costumes and their role in historical performance practice can change our understanding of a canonical work of art. It argues for methodological pluralism in examining material remains together with manuscript annotations, images and reviews of the production rarely considered in previous research and, consequentially, for a critical examination of all previous claims, including the so-called reconstruction (1987) of The Rite of Spring. Compared with designs and costumes of other productions by the Ballets Russes company, those of the 1913 production explain much of the contradictory ways in which the work figured in discourses relating to art and modernism in France and Russia at the time. Most importantly, the costumes exemplify a particular tradition of making theatre that has been obscured by the prevailing Orientalist view of the Ballets Russes company that is hegemonic in what is claimed to be ‘known’ about The Rite of Spring and its reception.

The Reform of the Hirmologion by the Russian Old Ritualists

Abstract In this paper, the author presents new evidence for the reform of notated manuscripts undertaken by the Russian Old Ritualists (Old Believers) in the second half of the 17th century. The reform was independent of, though contemporaneous with the reform of notated manuscripts undertaken by those who agreed with the liturgical reforms of Patriarch Nikon. The author shows that the purpose of the Old Ritualist reform was to align the text of the notated Hirmologion with the grammatical rules codified in the Grammar of Meletii Smotritskii, as republished in Moscow in 1648, and with the text of the non-notated liturgical books printed at the Moscow Print Yard prior to the tenure of Patriarch Nikon.

Chants in honour of the Great Martyr Prince Lazar of Serbia in the old Russian notated manuscripts

The manuscript containing the service of St. Lazar Hrebeljanovic was presented to the Russian Tsar in 1550 by the abbot of the Hilandar monastery Paisius. We currently know only two manuscripts containing hymns to the Saint Lazar: RNB, Kir.-Bel. 586/843 (eighth decade of the 16th century) and RBB, f. 379 ? 66 (mid- 17th century). The older source is more complete. It includes stichera of Small and Great Vespers (on Lord I have cried and aposticha), stichera at the Litya, stichera at the end of Psalm 50, aposticha of Matins, as well as exapostilarion and theotokion. In addition, there are indications that two canons have been performed (a total of 31 hymns). In the younger source the chanting repertoire is much smaller - there are only doxastika and , stichera at the end of Psalm 50 (a total of 6 songs). The doxastika presented in these manuscripts have different musical variants.

Lezers in de marges van Vondels Palamedes

Abstract Readers in the margins of Vondel’s Palamedes: A census of seventeenth-century editions in public collections This article explores how Joost van den Vondel’s politically charged play Palamedes (first published in 1625) was read in the seventeenth century. It presents the findings of a systematic and focused census of copies of 25 seventeenth-century editions that have been preserved in public collections. Inspection of 150 copies has resulted in identifying 32 copies with manuscript annotations. Viewed together these annotated copies show the importance of different forms of collective reading. Two general patterns can be distinguished, documenting on the one hand different forms of rhetorical and stylistic analysis, made for didactic or studious use. Another category reveals a persistent interest in decoding, remembering, and sharing the political meaning of the play. This category includes a set of annotations that probably derived from Vondel’s biographer Geeraert Brandt, which circulated in manuscript before appearing in print in 1705. As an exercise in census-research, this case also confirms the idea of the long life of the book, documenting extended use and enrichment of individual copies.

Momentous moment: Rediscovering Korean history through digitizing private letters

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the development of a digital archive for the Min Family Correspondence Collection of the University of Toronto Libraries, the first Korean historical manuscript collection in Canada. This strategic digitization project between the University of Toronto Libraries and the National Library of Korea accomplished the following: content analysis and annotation of manuscripts, metadata creation, and enhanced access to the resources. The results from this paper show that one of the crucial factors in successful digitization projects is building bridges between the two organizations as a partnership. Our main aim in this paper was to build a deeper understanding of how to develop a digital archive for Asian historical manuscripts and to explore how to improve the accessibility of rare historical records.

Dynamic cataloguing of the old Arabic manuscripts by automatic extraction of metadata

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to obtain online access to the digitised Arabic manuscripts images, which need to use a catalogue. The bibliographic cataloguing is unsuitable for old Arabic manuscripts, and it is imperative to establish a new cataloguing model. In the research, the authors propose a new cataloguing model based on manuscript annotations and transcriptions. This model can be an effective solution to dynamic catalogue old Arabic manuscripts. In this field, the authors used the automatic extraction of the metadata that is based on the structural similarity of the documents.Design/methodology/approachThis work is based on experimental methodology. The whole proposed concepts and formulas were tested for validation. This, allows the authors to make concise conclusions.FindingsCataloguing old Arabic manuscripts faces problem of unavailability of information. However, this information may be found in another place in a copy of the original manuscript. Thus, cataloguing Arabic manuscript cannot be done in one time, it is a continual process which require information updating. The idea is to make a pre-cataloguing of a manuscript, then try to complete and improve it through a specific platform. Consequently, in the research work, the authors propose a new cataloguing model, which the authors call “Dynamic cataloguing”.Research limitations/implicationsThe success of the proposed model is confronted with the involvement of all actors of the model. It is based on the conviction and the motivation of actors of the collaborative platform.Practical implicationsThe model can be used in several cataloguing fields, where the encoding model is based on XML. The model is innovative and implements a smart cataloguing model. The model is useful by using a web platform. It allows an automatic update of a catalogue.Social implicationsThe model prompts the user to participate and enrich the catalogue. The user could improve his social status from a passive to an active.Originality/valueThe dynamic cataloguing model is a new concept. It has never been proposed in the literature until now. The proposed cataloguing model is based on automatic extraction of metadata from user annotations/transcription. It is a smart system which automatically updates or fills the catalogue with the extracted metadata.

Enabling the Encoding of Manuscripts within the DTABf: Extension and Modularization of the Format

This paper presents work in progress on the DTA “Base Format” for Manuscripts (DTABf-M), an extension to the DTA “Base Format” (DTABf) for the TEI-conformant annotation of manuscripts. The DTABf is a TEI-subset for the consistent, yet unambiguous, annotation of large amounts of historical text. During our work on the DTA corpora, the DTABf has continuously been subject to further adaptations to specific annotation needs. The latest addition, the DTABf-M, contains elements, attributes, and values necessary for the annotation of (historical) handwritten documents. The goal is to provide a TEI format for diverse manuscripts in large text corpora. While the DTABf covers a wide range of phenomena found not only in printed texts but also in manuscripts, there are certain manuscript-specific features which have to be additionally represented by the DTABf-M. There are several prerequisites for DTABf-M to be suitable for the DTA and its workflows and processes: First, it should be based on the original DTABf tagset, and only extend it if unavoidable. Second, like the DTABf, the DTABf-M should be created in a bottom-up approach, that is, based on actual phenomena found in handwritten texts which are transcribed and encoded using the DTABf. Third, the format should complement the DTABf, not replace it. Hence, it is necessary to find a modular way of integrating the DTABf-M into the DTABf. This paper describes how we deal with these issues in the process of developing the DTABf-M.

How Shaftesbury Read Marcus Aurelius: Two 'Curious and Interesting' Volumes with His Manuscript Annotations

When Anthony Ashley-Cooper, third earl of Shaftesbury (1671-1713), read the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius at the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Roman emperor was a relatively new member of the Stoic tradition as it was seen through early modern eyes. This article discusses two books owned and annotated by Shaftesbury, one a translation of Marcus Aurelius into English, the other a version of the Greek text. These books are a record of his study of earlier scholarship on the Meditations, primarly the edition and notes of Thomas Gataker. This article gives a sense of how a reader who was influential in the dissemination of Stoic thought, studied the scholarship of an earlier age.