Manufacture Of Viscose Fibres Research Articles

New Domestic Equipment for Continuous Production of Viscose Fibre

Two new domestic models of a machine for continuous manufacture of viscose fibre are examined. Each model has two modifications — for production of twisted and untwisted fibre. The degree of novelty and standardization of the models differs, but their fundamental functional units are the same. The models differ in the design of the drying devices, and their modifications have a different execution of the finishing, sizing, and oiling devices. The models are as good as similar imported equipment and much better than domestic equipment with respect to the efficiency and basic technical and economic indexes.

Low waste or waste-free technology — A basis for the development of viscose fibre manufacture

Low waste or waste-free technology — A basis for the development of viscose fibre manufacture

State and tendency of growth in the manufacture of viscose fibres and yarns

State and tendency of growth in the manufacture of viscose fibres and yarns

Pilot-plant check of a method of reactivating spent carbons in viscose-fibre manufacture

Pilot-plant check of a method of reactivating spent carbons in viscose-fibre manufacture

Regeneration of activated carbons in viscose-fibre manufacture

Regeneration of activated carbons in viscose-fibre manufacture

Low waste or waste-free technology — A basis for the development of viscose fibre manufacture

-- On the basis of studies performed in the “Khimvolokno” NPO on the development and improvement of technological processes, local methods of cleaning up waste water and gaseous discharges, and modernization of equipment in the manufacture of viscose fibres, the advisability of technical re-equipping of operating manufacturing units for viscose fibres and yarns has been demonstrated with organization of low-waste technology which ensures the attainment of established norms with respect to discharges into the atmosphere and water supply. -- Technical re-equipping of plants can be effected with small capital outlays in a short time without withdrawal of manufacturing capacity for a reconstruction period.

Prospects for development of equipment for manufacture of viscose fibres and yarns (review)

Prospects for development of equipment for manufacture of viscose fibres and yarns (review)

Secondary energy resources in viscose fibre manufacturing

An assessment of local exhausts in the manufacture of viscose fibre has been carried out. Thermotechnical properties of the local exhausts have been calculated. It has been found that exhausts from the lossening tank and finishing solution tanks, spent dryer air, and the off-gas from the unit for contact evaporation of precipitation bath are secondary energy resources in viscose fibre manufacture.

Cleaning up wastewater from viscose fibre manufacture by isolating local streams

In viscose fibre plants, it is recommended to localize the absorber solution from the carbon disulfide regeneration unit and route it to a unit for crystallization of sodium thiosulfate.

Maximum allowable concentrations of substances used in viscose fibre manufacture in fish husbandry reservoirs

The effect of surface-active agents, modifiers, and toxic and harmful substances which are widely used in the manufacture of viscose yarns and fibres (HFA, PEG-35, Fenoksol bis-15, Preparation 355, LPS, Avirol', VAP-1, and Sintoks-7) on the chemical composition of water has been established.

Apparatus design of a process for extracting zinc out of low-concentration solutions from the manufacture of viscose fibre

A two-stage extraction process for regenerating zinc from wash water in the manufacture of viscose fibres has been worked out on a pilot set-up.

Some features of spinning cuprammonium fibres into precipitation baths containing calcium salts

On the basis of data on precipitating power and the rate of dehydration of cuprammonium solutions of cellulose, the fundamental possibility has been demonstrated of spinning fibres from such solutions into precipitation baths containing calcium salts, using the technological scheme for viscose fibre manufacture. The dependence of the basic characteristics of the freshly-spun fibre on calcium salt content and temperature of the precipitation bath has been found.

Role of precipitation bath components in the manufacture of viscose fibres

An analysis has been made of data on structure formation processes in spinning viscose fibres and of the connection of the primary structure with the properties of the finished fibres and yarns. It has been shown that the attainment of high physicomechanical and operational properties of viscose fibres is possible by preventing premature crystallization of the cellulose in the freshly-spun gel-fibre. Retardation of the cellulose crystallization process in spinning viscose fibres is advisably effected as a result of reducing the activity of water in the precipitation bath.

An electrochemical method of regenerating the precipitation bath in the manufacture of viscose fibres

The electrochemical method of regenerating the precipitation bath by electrolysis of sodium sulfate permits one to return to manufacturing operations 0.55 metric ton of sulfuric acid and 0.45 metric ton of sodium hydroxide calculated per metric ton of ordinary viscose fibre and 0.91 metric ton of sulfuric acid and 0.74 metric ton of NaOH per metric ton of high-modulus fibre.

Clean-up of low-concentration ventilation discharge from viscose manufacturing plants from carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide

An analysis has been made of existing methods of cleaning up low-concentration gas discharges from viscose manufacturing from hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide. It has been found that the most effective method of purification in that which uses ion-exchange and carbon materials, and which requires developing apparatus (filters) of large unit capacity. For a number of plants, it is recommended to use the the thermal method of cleaning up low-concentration discharges from hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide; this is characterized by simplicity and low economic costs. A radical solution to the problem of protecting the air reservoir from contaminants is the development of low-waste technology including utilization of gaseous discharges. Low-waste technology in the manufacture of viscose fibre is being developed in the “Khimvolokno” NPO and will be realized in the very near future in one of the sub-branch plants.

Improving water-consumptive processes under conditions of operating viscose fibre manufacture

The most water-consumptive technological processes in the basic and auxiliary works in the manufacture of viscose fibre have been identified.

Determination of zinc in wastewater from viscose manufacture by inversion potentiometry

Results from use of the method of inversion potentiometry in the analysis of wastewater from the manufacture of viscose fibre have been presented.

Use of a lime-sulfur precipitant for purification of wastewater from viscose manufacturing

It has been shown that it is very rational to carry out the process of cleaning up zinc-containing wastewater from the manufacture of viscose fibres by precipitating the zinc at pH 7.3–8.5 using a lime-sulfur precipitant. This will make it possible, in cleaning up 1 m3 of wastewater, to reduce the consumption of lime by 0.23 kg, the consumption of sulfuric acid by 0.25 kg, and to avoid secondary contamination of the wastewater with sulfates. The sulfur obtained as a by-product in the process of freeing exhaust discharges from viscose manufacturing from hydrogen sulfide is used for the preparation of the lime-sulfur precipitant.

Procedural bases for standardizing water use in branch plants

Standardization of water use in branch plants will make it possible to determine limits for water use, to plan measures for current and future periods, to put in order the allowance for water consumption and its control, to reduce the consumption of fresh water as compared with its actual consumption, and to ensure fulfillment of planned figures on water use. A procedure is described for calculating specific norms in water consumption in the manufacture of viscose fibre.

Utilization of organic wastes in the manufacture of viscose fibres and filaments

Utilization of organic wastes in the manufacture of viscose fibres and filaments