Manufacture Of Musical Instruments Research Articles

Review of Manufacturing Processes and Vibro-Acoustic Assessments of Composite and Alternative Materials for Musical Instruments

The evolution of musical instrument manufacturing has prompted a quest for innovative materials beyond traditional wood. This review explores the utilization of composite materials, 3D-printed materials, and metamaterials as favorable alternatives. The investigation is driven by challenges such as the scarcity of high-quality tonewoods, variations in wood properties, and environmental concerns. Carbon fiber, graphite fiber, ceramic polymers, and nanocomposites present promising alternatives, offering advantages in durability, weight reduction, and customizable acoustics. The integration of 3D printing technology introduces a cutting-edge dimension, enabling intricate, precisely engineered components, optimizing instrument structure, and allowing unprecedented customization. Additionally, this article explores metamaterials, leveraging unique mechanical properties from structural design rather than constituent materials. Metamaterials offer unprecedented capabilities for tailoring instrument vibrational characteristics by providing unparalleled control over sound production. The review provides a thorough analysis, including manufacturing methods for composite materials, metamaterials, and 3D printing in musical instruments. Comprehensive examinations of vibrational and acoustical analyses related to composite materials, 3D-printed materials, and metamaterials, for the evaluation of musical instruments, are presented. This overview, supported by experimental and numerical simulation methods, offers valuable insights for the future development of musical instruments.

Legal Protection Orientation And Formulation For Traditional Musical Instruments As Patents: An Inclusive Legal Paradigm

One of the consequences of the extinction of several traditional musical instruments in Indonesia is the reduction in traditional musical instrument craftsmen because the manufacture of traditional musical instruments does not guarantee a substantive economic increase for the craftsmen. Therefore, legal action is needed so that traditional musical instruments can have an economic orientation and implications for the craftsmen so that they can become an important factor in preserving traditional musical instruments in Indonesia. This study aims to orient the legal protection of traditional musical instruments through patents in an inclusive legal perspective. This research is a normative legal research with a concept and statutory approach. The results of the study confirm that the legal protection orientation of traditional musical instruments as patents can be carried out by qualifying traditional musical instruments as simple patents. Internal legal protection is carried out by classifying traditional musical instruments as simple patents, must be accompanied by awareness and understanding of every traditional musical instrument craftsman to be able to register patents, besides that externally, the state needs to provide convenience, facilitation and incentives for traditional musical instruments as simple patents including making certain legal breakthroughs and policies by providing formulations regarding affirmative action legal policies related to efforts to register traditional musical instruments in an inclusive legal perspective that needs to be implemented so as to provide facilitation as well as empowerment for traditional musical instruments to be registered as simple patents.

A Review on Acoustics of Wood as a Tool for Quality Assessment

Acoustics is a field with significant application in wood science and technology for the classification and grading, through non-destructive tests, of a large variety of products from standing trees to building structural elements and musical instruments. In this review article the following aspects are treated: (1) The theoretical background related to acoustical characterization of wood as an orthotropic material. We refer to the wave propagation in anisotropic media, to the wood anatomic structure and propagation phenomena, to the velocity of ultrasonic waves and the elastic constants of an orthotropic solid. The acoustic methods for the determination of the elastic constants of wood range from the low frequency domain to the ultrasonic domain using direct contact techniques or ultrasonic spectroscopy. (2) The acoustic and ultrasonic methods for quality assessment of trees, logs, lumber and structural timber products. Scattering-based techniques and ultrasonic tomography are used for quality assessment of standing trees and green logs. The methods are based on scanning stress waves using dry-point-contact ultrasound or air-coupled ultrasound and are discussed for quality assessment of structural composite timber products and for delamination detection in wood-based composite boards. (3) The high-power ultrasound as a field with important potential for industrial applications such as wood drying and other applications. (4) The methods for the characterization of acoustical properties of the wood species used for musical instrument manufacturing, wood anisotropy, the quality of wood for musical instruments and the factors of influence related to the environmental conditions, the natural aging of wood and the effects of long-term loading by static or dynamic regimes on wood properties. Today, the acoustics of wood is a branch of wood science with huge applications in industry.

TONE DETECTION ON TERANIKA MUSICAL INSTRUMENT USING DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM AND DECISION TREE CLASSIFICATION

Musical instruments are one of the cultures that must be preserved. Teranika is one of the traditional musical instruments from the Majalengka area, which is made of clay. Currently, the manufacture of conventional musical instruments is still done manually, so there are still differences in the tone produced. Meanwhile, the quality of a musical instrument is determined by the accuracy of the technique. Therefore, we need a system that can accurately detect the method's accuracy. The author designed a tone detection system for Teranika musical instruments to help artisans carry out quality control. This system will detect whether or not the musical instrument is successfully matched with the right tone and agent. The technique contained in this musical instrument is Do Re Mi Fa So La Si Do high. To overcome these problems, the author makes this tone detection system using the Discrete Wavelet Transform method and the Decision Tree classification. The working principle of this system is that the recorded sound of musical instruments will be transmitted to this system. Then the sound will be processed as input and matched with the essential voice in the database. The output of this system produces samples according to the sampling frequency used. The test results show the best results at decomposition level 6, a thresholding value of 0.05, and a Fine Tree classification type with an accuracy of 87.5%

Submisja jako forma sprzedaży drewna cennego na terenie RDLP w Gdańsku

There are various forms of timber sales in the State Forests: auctions, tenders, submission, commission, negotiation, retail, free−hand. The wood’s submission constitutes a form of sale which is becoming more popular among buyers. The raw material purchased on the submission is most often used in the furniture industry, for example, to produce exclusive furniture, veneers, and finishing elements for yachts and cars, in the alcohol industry for the production of high-quality barrels (mainly oak barrels) for wine and other alcohol products, in construction industry, and also in the music industry, e.g., for the manufacture of musical instruments.

Experimental determination of forming limit diagram for α + β brass at hot forming conditions

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc; it has a composition of 60% and 40% respectively. It plays a major role in manufacturing of musical instruments, electrical applicants like electrical sockets and household articles like kitchen utensils, keys, door knobs, etc. It has unique properties like malleability, corrosion resistance, low melting point and formability characteristics. Forming limit diagrams is significant performance indexes for evaluating the formability of a material. In the present study comparative experimental investigation of forming behaviour of brass has been performed at two different temperatures (500 °C and 600 °C) and strain rates (0.001,0.01 & 0.1 s−1). Subsequently, experimental forming limit curve, thickness distribution curves and limiting dome height curves have been plotted at different temperatures and strain rates using Nakazima test samples. Comparison between these set of results shows significant variations in formability of material. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope is used to observe the fractured specimens and SEM images are taken. The scanning electron microscope, however, it is much more substantial in failure analysis of over load fractures.

Three pass incremental sheet forming: A new strategy for the manufacture of brass musical instruments

This paper presents a new three pass forming approach using incremental sheet forming (ISF) for the manufacture of a trumpet bell. Brass musical instruments are traditionally manufactured using artisanal methods (cutting, hammering, spinning and finishing) which are labour intensive but deliver superior quality instruments. The aim of this work was to achieve comparable levels of control using ISF. A series of 20 trials were undertaken to establish optimum set up, forming strategy and tool selection. This has resulted in the three pass approach that delivers consistent wall thicknesses within the tolerance zone and a higher component wall angle (79°) than previously achieved axially in ISF. The resulting components are evaluated using GOM scanning to set out the wall thicknesses and surface finishes achieved, and sets out future avenues for investigation in the forming of brass.

Research on Vibration Characteristics of Zither Based on Modal Analysis

Chinese Zither is one of the traditional Chinese national musical instruments. It has a clear tone and a wide range of plucked strings, which is comparable to Western instruments. In recent years, with the increasing number of zither students, the method of making zither has gradually changed from manual production to machine production. In the background of the mass production of musical instruments, it has become the consensus of the manufacturers to establish a more complete and scientific zither-making specification. Among them, the problem of zither noise and vibration is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper constructs a three-dimensional finite element model of Chinese Zither based on the principle of vibration and noise, and analyzes its vibration characteristics. [1] The finite element model of the zither is established by combining computer simulation technology with traditional Chinese musical instrument manufacturing. It is obtained the zither dynamic characteristics through analyzing and provided data and theoretical support for the structure research and optimization of the zither.

Experimental and Numerical Study for the Representation of Standing Waves in a Kundt's Tube

The study of the behavior of a standing wave inside a resonant cavity, such as a closed tube, has always been of great revelation in the manufacture of wind musical instruments, in addition to research carried out on the transfer and absorption of heat, energy and pressure for the acoustic characterization of materials by injecting sound waves at one end of the Kundt’s tube. In this work, we did the implementation of two experiments for measure the speed of sound, using a Kundt’s tube where also we obtained the bellies and nodes of the sound wave and we verified with a computational code that was written for us in Python, in which we made simulation of the temporal evolution was achieved of the wave that vibrated inside the tube. Also, we show the wave profile for the first four harmonics with computational simulations and we presented the experimental results by two different methods, these were compared with the obtained using the equations modeled by the undulatory theory of physics. Finally, we show in this article, the respective errors obtained from these two experimental configurations, which were made with the purpose of showing university students the importance of being able to visualize the wave phenomenon of sound inside a Kundt’s tube.

Microspectrophotometry of Wood Grain and Color

A reflecting microscope spectrophotometer was used for the colorimetry of wood using CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage) chromaticity coordinates. A microscope scanning stage and scanning with optical fibers were used to detect grain patterns. Ten exotic woods with a fine grain structure were tested because they are highly valued in the manufacture of musical instruments and furniture, and they had a wide range in color and grain structure. With lateral illumination (45°) of samples and a large measuring aperture, the results were comparable to those that might be obtained with a commercial colorimeter detecting diffuse Lambertian reflectance. With vertical illumination and coaxial photometry in a microscope, Fresnel reflectance was dominant. The best predictor of CIE x with lateral illumination was reflectance at 400 nm (r = - 0.916, P < 0.0005) and the relationship persisted with vertical illumination (r = -0.67, P < 0.025). Scanning across woods at 520 nm with a microscope scanning stage, there were relationships of CIE x with scanning peak height (r = 0.75 P < 0.01). In scanning across 6 cm of wood with optical fibers, there was a relationship of the number of reflectance peaks (from wood grain between dark lines) with peak width (r = - 0.89, P < 0.0005). Woods with a fine grain had numerous small peaks while woods with a coarse grain had a few wide peaks. Thus, there is a connection between the color and grain pattern of wood.

Kao Gong Ji: The World's Oldest Encyclopaedia of Technologies trans. by Guan Zengjian and Konrad Herrmann

Reviewed by: Kao Gong Ji: The World's Oldest Encyclopaedia of Technologies trans. by Guan Zengjian and Konrad Herrmann Jianjun Mei (bio) Kao Gong Ji: The World's Oldest Encyclopaedia of Technologies Translated and commented by Guan Zengjian and Konrad Herrmann. Leiden: Brill and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2020. Pp. 222. Kao Gong Ji: The World's Oldest Encyclopaedia of Technologies Translated and commented by Guan Zengjian and Konrad Herrmann. Leiden: Brill and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2020. Pp. 222. Kao Gong Ji (The artificers' record), the earliest Chinese book on technologies, probably written during fifth to fourth centuries BC, is widely known for the difficulties in understanding it. Except for Joseph Needham, who cited Kao Gong Ji extensively in his monumental Science and Civilisation in China, few scholars in the West have carried out systematic research on it. The first full translation in English appeared in 2013 under the title Ancient Chinese Encyclopedia of Technology: Translation and Annotation of the Kaogong Ji, [End Page 591] translated by Jun Wenren. The publication of Guan Zengjian and Konrad Herrmann's full translation of Kao Gong Ji in both English and German is another valiant effort to do justice to this difficult and important text—and to promote global interest and research in ancient Chinese technologies. Guan and Herrmann's book is composed of an introduction, the text, analysis-commentaries, and bibliography. The introduction provides a concise examination of three issues, namely extant editions of Kao Gong Ji, its historical background, and the location and period of its origin. While the discussion of the editions of Kao Gong Ji and its origin is informative for readers in understanding the transmission history of the text, the survey of its historical background seems somewhat superfluous, since that information can be easily found in general surveys on China's history. The text comprises two parts, with Part One covering such sections as the manufacture of chariots, bronze weapons, measuring standards, and descriptions of the roles of associated craftsmen. Part Two includes other crafts and their craftsmen, such as the manufacturer of chimes, jade polishers, arrow tip manufacturers, potters, weapon carpenters, and construction workers. Compared to Wenren's book, which completely separates the English translation from the original classical Chinese text, the text in Guan and Herrmann's book is organized in sections, with each section comprising of the original text in classical Chinese, then the text translated into modern Chinese, English, and German in that sequence. This presentation provides readers with the great benefit of easily crosschecking a specific part of the text in different languages. It is interesting to compare Guan and Herrmann's English translation with those by Needham and Wenren. Needham's translation put more emphasis on the meaning of the text, while Wenren clearly followed Needham's approach and directly adapted Needham's translation at many points in his book. However, Guan and Herrmann's translation exhibits their own style, which is featured by the translation of almost every sentence in their original order. As a result, Needham's translation appears more fluent, while Guan and Herrmann's translation is better in reflecting the original writing structure and mode of the presentation of arguments of the text. The analysis-commentaries present some detailed discussions in English on ten major subjects, namely the manufacture of carriages, astronomy, bronze technology, bronze objects, metrology, musical instruments, jade, ceramics and porcelain, civil engineering, and the manufacture of bows. These discussions present a comprehensive review of previous studies that have been carried out over the past thirty years. For example, on the six formulas for bronze alloys, scholars have for decades debated over the explanation of the formula "金锡半(copper, tin one half)" for casting bronze mirrors. On the basis of previous studies, Guan and Herrmann have taken the ratio 2:1 as the formula for bronze mirrors, since "a desired silver-like colour of the alloy was achieved because of its high Sn content (ca.30%)" (p. 138). [End Page 592] The bibliography lists nearly all publications in Chinese related to Kao Gong Ji, in particular those of the past thirty years. They are organized into four groups: research papers, editions of Kao Gong...

Exploration Ethnomathematics of the Malind Tribe for Character Building in Elementary Schools

This article aimed to explore ethnomathematics in the Malind tribe to strengthen the character values ​​of elementary school students. The method used descriptive survey method with data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and literature review. The researchers act as a human instrument. The qualitative data were obtained and then analyzed by paying attention to ethnomathematics material or theme. The results showed: firstly, ethnomathematics in the culture of the Malind tribe was found in activities of daily life such as the manufacture of farming tools, hunting, fishing, musical instruments, noken, ornaments and paintings, traditional ceremonies, life behaviors, and traditional games. Second, the attitude of responsibility, like to work hard, practice religious values, develop creativity, friendship, responsibility, the spirit of cooperation and kinship and tolerance is an integrated national character in the cultural values ​​of the Malind tribe. Ethnomathematics can be integrated into learning mathematics in elementary schools
 Keywords: Ethnomathematics, Malind Tribe, Education Character

A Study of the Dynamic Response of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (CFRE) Prepregs for Musical Instrument Manufacturing

Composite materials are presented in a wide variety of industrial sectors as an alternative to traditionally used materials. In recent years, a new sector has increasingly used these kinds of materials: the manufacture of musical instruments. Resonances of different elements that make up the geometries of musical instruments are commonly used with the aim of enhancing aspects of the timbre. These are sensitive to the mechanical characteristics of the material, so it is important to guarantee the properties of the composite. To do this, it is not uncommon to use pre-impregnated fibers (prepregs) which allow fine control of final volumetric fractions of the composite. Autoclaving is a high-quality process used to guarantee the desired mechanical properties in a composite, reducing porosity and avoiding delamination, but significantly raising production costs. On the contrary, manufacture without autoclaving increases competitiveness by eliminating the costs associated with autoclave production. In this paper, differences in dynamic behavior are evaluated under free conditions of different Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (CFRE) prepreg boards, processed by autoclave and out-of-autoclave. The results of the complex module are presented according to the frequency, quantifying the variations in the vibratory behavior of the material due to the change of processing.

Music and Jews

It is a distinct pleasure to introduce this special issue of The Musical Quarterly devoted to the subject of European Jewry and the musical culture of Europe. I want to express my thanks to my friend and distinguished colleague Halina Goldberg for editing this issue of essays dealing with the engagement with musical culture by parts of the Jewish population, especially in German- and Polish-speaking Europe. As the authors in this issue make plain, the musical practices that emerged in the late eighteenth century became a factor in the evolution of Jewish ethnic, religious, and political identity, and domestic mores and entertainment within Jewish families throughout Central Europe. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, music blossomed as a civic activity in urban centers. It took the form of amateur performing societies, choral groups, and the beginnings of a sustained commercial public concert life. The post-Napoleonic period was one of rapid growth in musical instruction, instrument manufacturing, music publishing, and music journalism. It was also an era of censorship, the unintended consequence of which was to raise the status of music as a vehicle of public expression and private communication and as a basis for legal public assembly. Censorship of words and images was much easier than censorship of music alone. Music, after 1815, flourished as a social arena of freedom in a dominant context of unfreedom.

MUSICES - Musical Instrument Computed Tomography Examination Standard: The Final Report Featuring Methods for Optimization, Results of Measurements, Recommondations, Check-lists and Meta-Data Models

Digitalization of irreplaceable objects of cultural and/or historical significance as field of research is gaining more and more importance recently. The Germanisches Nationalmuseum (GNM) in Nürnberg, Germany, and the Development Center for X-ray Technology (EZRT) of the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS) in Fürth, Germany, were jointly working in the MUSICES project, addressing issues of 3-dimensional (3D) digitalization of historically important musical instruments. This project was funded by the German research association DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and ends in January 2018. The project partners developed examination standards that, independent of the deployed devices and operating staff, are set to deliver high-quality 3D volume data sets representing musical instruments. Plenty of representative examples carried out during the project ensure the applicability of the technical parameters. MUSICES has been dealing with testimonials of the manufacturing of musical instruments during the last five centuries. From 2015 to 2017, more than 100 historically remarkable objects in the collection of the GNM were digitized by means of fully 3D image acquisition with X-ray CT The CT measurements were performed at the EZRT site in Fürth, where X-ray systems with maximum radiation energies of between 60 and 9,000 keV are used for CT scanning and reconstruction, as well as means for multispectral material analysis and algorithms for the correction, visualization and evaluation of image data. Several methods were applied to optimize CT parameters via extended studies of simulated virtual data sets. In detail, the simulated data sets were based on a simplified virtual representation of the respective specimen. Its orientation with respect to the axis of rotation and in case of dual energy measurements the spectral quality of both partial data acquisition runs were varied computationally until the minimum Shannon entropy of the resulting reconstructed slices was achieved. Parameters identified in such a way beforehand were then applied for the real measurement. Based on the evaluation of all acquired 3D-images, standard procedures are proposed. The image data itself are made available to the broad public. Additionally, the final report published in 2018 provides various checklists for preparation, transport, positioning, best practice for measurement of various classes of instruments (wood/metal/mixed/other resp. size and shape), an elaborate data base structure description for long term archiving and methods for detailed image quality assessment.

Acoustic properties assessment of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) wood from trees irrigated with secondarily treated wastewater

The availability of traditional wood species used for musical instrument manufacturing has decreased in recent years. To overcome this problem, there is a need for alternative woods with acoustical properties similar to those traditionally used. This study investigated the acoustical properties of neem wood (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) from trees irrigated with treated wastewater as a substitute for traditional wood and to indicate its suitability for musical instrument manufacturing. The results revealed a strong linear relationship between the dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) and shear modulus (G). Moreover, density (ρ) was a good predictor for both Ed and G. The findings showed that this wood has potential use in backs and ribs of stringed musical instruments. Comparison with traditional European wood species used for this purpose showed that this wood can be a successful alternative. Increased demand for water and diminishing availability of water resources have led to the use of treated wastewater in irrigation. Thus, extension of the cultivation of several tree species with close properties to traditional tonewood species under wastewater irrigation can play an important role in the future of the musical instrument industry.

Nitrogênio e inoculação com <em>Rhizobium</em> em diferentes procedências de <em>Dalbergia nigra</em> (Vellozo)

O jacarandá-da-Bahia (Dalbergia nigra) tem elevado potencial para o manejo florestal sustentável, além de produzir madeira muito utilizada na fabricação de móveis e instrumentos musicais. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar os efeitos e interações que as doses de nitrogênio e inoculação com Rhizobium promovem em mudas de D. nigra, em casa de vegetação utilizando Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico. Para condução do experimento, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, composto por 5 doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg/kg de N), com e sem inoculação de Rhizobium específico para jacarandá (BR 8404), 3 procedências de sementes (Lavras, MG; Rio Doce, MG; e Santa Tereza, ES). As características morfológicas analisadas foram: biometria, biomassa e qualidade das mudas de D. nigra. A adubação com 217,5 mg/kg de nitrogênio influenciou todas as características morfológicas, onde a procedência Rio Doce teve melhor resposta às doses de N. A inoculação com Rhizobium se mostrou mais efetiva em doses mais baixas de adubação nitrogenada. Sendo assim foi possível constatar que as procedências de D. nigra, Rio Doce e Santa Teresa, respondem a adubação nitrogenada e que para as mesmas a inoculação apresentou resultados positivos.

Propiedades materiales e índices de rendimiento acústico de veintidós maderas mexicanas. Determinación por ultrasonido.

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las propiedades materiales (densidad aparente, velocidad del ultrasonido, módulo dinámico y coeficiente de amortiguamiento) y los índices de rendimiento acústico (coeficiente de radiación acústica, coeficiente de eficiencia acústica, índice de vibración acústica e índice de anti-vibración acústica) de la madera de 22 especies mexicanas, con el fin de evaluar su potencial uso en aplicaciones acústicas, como lo es la fabricación de instrumentos musicales en general, y en particular, los de cuerda. Se encontró que las propiedades materiales y los índices de rendimiento acústico de las veintidós maderas estudiadas, son características de cada una de ellas. La velocidad del ultrasonido no presenta una relación lineal con la densidad aparente de la madera. En cambio, el módulo dinámico es proporcional a la densidad aparente y las maderas de baja densidad aparente presentan mejores coeficientes de eficiencia acústica en comparación con las especies de altas densidades. Se concluye que un criterio de selección para una madera con aptitudes para ser utilizada en la fabricación de instrumentos musicales es la combinación de una baja densidad aparente, un alto módulo dinámico y un bajo coeficiente de amortiguamiento.

“Imagined Outcomes”: Contrasting Patterns of Opportunity, Capability, and Innovation in British Musical Instrument Manufacturing, 1930–1985

By the mid-twentieth century in the United Kingdom, musical instrument manufacturing had become an increasingly mechanized activity. Craft skills had been displaced in many areas, yet remained a vital source of competitive advantage in local and international markets and were particularly valued by professional musicians. This article examines the contrasting experiences of two British musical instrument manufacturers, tracing the unfolding relationship between their pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities and capability development. Boosey & Hawkes, a large, well-established manufacturing and publishing company, was an early pioneer, while Paxman Bros., a small musical retailer, transformed itself into one of the world’s most respected specialist manufacturers. The narrative probes the factors that shaped decision making in these companies as they developed a series of design innovations for one of the more complex brass instruments: the French horn. It draws on relevant theoretical insights to examine how a dynamic interaction between opportunity and capability, coupled with unanticipated contingencies, contributed to divergent outcomes for each company.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model for the Material Flow of Resonant Wood Production

This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model, for the selection and evaluation of the most valuable wooden input—resonant wood. Application of a given model can improve the process of input valuation as well as impact and improve particular economic indicators for the resonant wood manufacturer. We have tried to describe and evaluate the supply chain of resonant wood manufacturing and production of musical instruments. Particular value-added and non-value-added activities have been chosen according to the logical sequence of technology. Then, concrete criteria were specified and their significance weightings. Another important part of our paper is the description of resonant wood, specifications, and demands on log and wood species. There are some important physical and mechanical properties which should be taken into account and evaluated during the production of musical instruments. By the application of this model, a particular enterprise can reach an enhanced tool for the continuous evaluation of the product flowing through the supply chain. Visibility of particular operations and their logical sequence, presented by Petri nets, can lead to easier detection of possible defects in these operations and their origin. So, the main purpose of the paper lies in the suggestion of an objective and quantified managerial tool for the decision making.