Manufacture Of Man-made Fibres Research Articles

Basic directions of equipment development for the manufacture of manmade fibres and yarns in the Khimtekhstil'mash Scientific?Production Association

Basic directions of equipment development for the manufacture of manmade fibres and yarns in the Khimtekhstil'mash Scientific?Production Association

Automation of control in the manufacture of man-made fibres

An analysis has been made of the basic negative factors which hinder automation in control of the manufacture of man-made fibres.

Organization of contemporary systems for transport-warehouse servicing in the manufacture of man-made fibres

-- It is necessary to begin the development of contemporary transport—warehouse systems promptly. Delay in development threatens in the future large losses and potential possibilities for new technological equipment.

Titrimetric separate determination of the main components of a saponifying bath

Procedures have been developed for determining the basic components of the saponification bath. These methods have sufficient analytical accuracy and can be used in the manufacture of man-made fibres.

Optimizing the processes of recovering dimethylacetamide and isobutanol in the manufacture of man-made fibres

The process of recovering DMAc and IBA has been investigated using mathematical modeling. It has been shown that the use of a two-phase adsorption—desorption cycle is possible for recovering DMAc at an original concentration not over 4 g/m3 and for an initial IBA concentration not over 2 g/m3.

The problem of utilizing secondary polymeric resources in the manufacture of man-made fibres

The possibility of developing waste-free manufacturing based on silk and acetate textile yarn using the wastes from these plants to modify nitron fibre has been demonstrated.

Preparation of ultra-thin fibres from polymer mixtures

low linear density (0.12 rex), based on nonwoven, needle-punched materials, satisfies the requirements imposed on materials for shoe uppers in its basic properties, but has a number of important defects: an increased stiffness, and insufficient mobility of its "structural" elements, which shows up adversely in its comfort. The reason for these indicated defects is insufficient fineness of the elementary filaments whichform the structure of the nonwoven base of the leather. Natural leather is a unique natural composite material, the base of which is very thin collagen fibres, consisting of protein molecules. The transverse dimensions of the collagen fibres are 1-4 ~. Consequently, the decisive factor in the preparation of artificial leather which approaches natural leather in its properties is the preparation of ultra-thin fibres with cross-sectional dimensions of less than 10 ~ from fibre-formlng polymers. The technological and apparatus design of processes for the manufacture of man-made fibres which exists at present does not permit one to spin elementary filaments of such fineness from polymers, since the "noise-sensitivity" of the spinning process rises abruptly on reducing the diameter of the elementary filament below i0 ~ [2]. Th~s is especially true of the melt-spinning method, by which the polyester, polyamide, and po%yolefin fibres are produced which are most widely used in making artificial leather. This leads to an increase in breakage and nonuniformity in the linear density of the fibres obtained. At present, a number of specific methods of spinning ultra~hin fibres have been developed, which, in principle, can be used in the manufacture of a h~gh-quality artificial leather. These are: deformation of fibres with a high degree of s~retch (unoriented stretch) [3], spinning from an emulsion [4], electrostatic spinning [5], and others. However, its own set of difficulties arises in each of these methods, Contemporary textile technology equipment (needle punching, combing, or roving machines) which is used in the manufacture of nonwoven materials is practically unfit for processing such thin fibres. Therefore a compromise should be accepted between fibre (i.e., raw mater%al) fineness and the conditions of textile processing. In this connection, exceptional interest is being displayed at present in developments in the region of preparing ultrathin fibres via the stage of spinning them from polymer mixtures with a two-phase structure of the "fibrils in a matrix" structure (Fig. ib) or "island in the sea" type (Fig. la). The "fibr%is in a matrix" structure is characterized by a multiplicity of very thin fibrils of one polymer, disposed in an unordered fashion in a matrix of the other polymer. By an "island in ~he sea" type of struc

Mathematical modeling and calculation of the spinning solution filtration process in the manufacture of man-made fibres

A generalized filtration equation has been obtained, which permits one to carry out mathematical modeling of a broad class of filtration processes of spinning solutions of fibre-forming polymers; it has low values of the error in approximation.

Reduction of harmful discharges on contact shielding of liquid media with liquid coatings

A formula is given for evaluating the efficiency of using the method of shielding technological solutions. A satisfactory correlation has been found between the calculated and experimental data. Shielding technological solutions makes it possible to reduce losses of toxic and valuable substances in the manufacture of man-made fibres from polymer solutions and in other branches of industry.

New methods of analytical control in the manufacture of man-made fibres

New methods of analytical control in the manufacture of man-made fibres

Gear pumps of increased output for the manufacture of man-made fibres

Gear pumps of increased output for the manufacture of man-made fibres

Efficiency of the complex utilization of raw material in the manufacture of man-made fibres

Efficiency of the complex utilization of raw material in the manufacture of man-made fibres

A REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PROPERTIES, PROCESSING AND UTILISATION OF MAN-MADE FIBRES

This paper reviews developments as follows. The production and consumption of man-made fibres in categories of the older rayon yarns and staple fibres, and the newer polyamides, polyesters and acrylics, with comparisons drawn between production, consumption and prices for the years 1938 and 1954/55. Some of the developments in the methods of manufacture of man-made fibres and the increasing range and properties of fibrous materials available. The improvements and developments in techniques and machinery for processing man-made yarns and staples, including sizing and yarn preparation, spinning, knitting, weaving, dyeing and finishing. Developments in dyeing and finishing to cope with the increasing variety of regenerated and synthetic yarns and staple fibres now available. Also, the dyeing and finishing of blends of these fibres with each other and with natural fibres.