Manual K-files Research Articles

Postoperative Pain Comparison: Manual K-Files vs Pedoflex Rotary Files in Primary Molar Root Canals

This study evaluated postoperative pain in pediatric patients after root canal treatment with two file systems: Manual K-files and Pedoflex Rotary files. Sixty children, aged 6-10, were randomized into two groups of 30. Pain was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment. Results showed significantly lower pain levels in the Pedoflex Rotary file group at all time points (mean VAS at 6 hours: 2.4 vs. 3.8; at 12 hours: 1.8 vs. 3.2; at 24 hours: 1.2 vs. 2.5; at 48 hours: 0.6 vs. 1.8). Pedoflex Rotary files provide a more comfortable postoperative experience.

Assessment of Clinical Efficiency of Manual K-files, Kedo-S Plus and Fanta AFTM Pediatric Rotary Files During Pulp Therapy of Primary Teeth: A Clinical Trial

Assessment of Clinical Efficiency of Manual K-files, Kedo-S Plus and Fanta AFTM Pediatric Rotary Files During Pulp Therapy of Primary Teeth: A Clinical Trial

Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Ability of Various Rotary Files with/without Chemical Agents on Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of the current study was to assess the cleaning and smear layer removal efficacy of two different rotary files with or without chemical agents on primary teeth. For the study, 90 extracted primary maxillary incisors without internal or external resorption and with at least two-thirds of complete roots were chosen. Then, based on the kind of instruments used to clean and shape the canals, they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, each consisting of 30 teeth. Group-I: The canal was instrumented manually with K-files, Group-II: The canal was instrumented with Kedo-S files, Group-III: The canal was instrumented with Kedo-SG Blue files. After the canals were finally instrumented, 2 mL of QMixTM solution was used to irrigate 15 samples from each group. The samples were subsequently allowed to remain in the canals for 90 seconds in order to eliminate the smear layer. After that a stereomicroscope was used to assess the cleaning effectiveness. With irrigant solution, the highest mean value was found in manual K-files (2.86 ± 0.34), followed by Kedo-S files group (1.34 ± 0.26) and Kedo-SG Blue files (1.28 ± 0.18). Without irrigant solution, the highest mean value was found in manual K-files (2.92 ± 0.22) followed by Kedo-S files group (1.44 ± 0.18) and Kedo-SG Blue files (1.36 ± 0.14). There was a statistically significant difference found at all the three levels. On conclusion, the current study's findings demonstrated that irrigation solution was significantly more effective in cleaning and removing smear layers from pediatric rotary files than manual K-files. The effectiveness of endodontic therapy depends on a successful chemomechanical preparation. The canals are instrumented using either hand files or rotary instruments; there are several irrigation and instrumentation techniques. In order to completely sterilize the canals, chemical agents are utilized for irrigation during instrumentation. Due to their numerous biological, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, many natural compounds are also utilized as irrigants. How to cite this article: Abushanan A. Evaluation of the Smear Layer Removal Ability of Various Rotary Files with/without Chemical Agents on Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):354-357.

Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of shaping ability of kedo-S square and fanta AF™ baby rotary files compared to manual K-files in root canal preparation of primary anterior teeth

BackgroundPediatric rotary file systems were developed to solve manual file limitations. With many systems available, it may be tricky to select the most appropriate one.Aimto assess & compare Kedo-S Square, Fanta-AF™-Baby rotary files with manual K-file concerning removed dentin amount, canal transportation, centric ability & root canal taper using CBCT in primary anterior teeth.DesignExtracted Seventy-five upper primary anterior teeth with intact 2/3 root length were collected and divided into three groups based on root canal instrumentation, group-I: prepared using K-file, group-II: prepared using Kedo-S Square, and group-III: prepared using Fanta AF™ Baby file. The teeth were imaged with CBCT before & following canal instrumentation. Then, the removed dentin amount was calculated at each root-canal level. The Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to statistically analyze study data.ResultThe difference among the three groups was highly statistically significant at cervical & apical thirds concerning dentin thickness changes on both mesial & distal sides following canal preparation with the least removed dentin in the Kedo-S Square group(P < 0.0001). Regarding transportation & centering ability, a non-significant difference between the three groups was found. 80% of the Fanta AF™ Baby group had good-tapered preparation compared to the Kedo-S Square (72%) and K-file (40%) groups(P < 0.05).ConclusionKedo-S Square was preferable to Fanta-AFTM-Baby & manual K-files in primary root canal preparation.

An In Vivo Evaluation of Postoperative Pain after Root Canal Instrumentation Using Manual K-files and Kedo-S Rotary files in Primary Molars.

To determine postoperative pain after root canal instrumentation using manual K-file and rotary Kedo-S files in primary molars. Thirty-six primary mandibular molars from 4- to 8-year-old children requiring pulpectomy were randomly split into two groups of 18 teeth each, that is, manual file K-file (Group I) and Kedo-S rotary file (Group II). Children's pre- and postoperative pain was assessed using a four-point scale at different time intervals. From the result of the present study, it was observed that the Kedo-S group showed significantly less pain after 24, 48, and 72 h. It was concluded from the present research that patients enrolled in the Kedo-s group experienced less pain.

Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy Between Two Rotary Files and Manual K-File in primary molars: An In Vitro-Study.

Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy Between Two Rotary Files and Manual K-File in primary molars: An In Vitro-Study.

Assessment of clinical and radiographic efficiency of manual and pediatric rotary file systems in primary root canal preparation: a randomized controlled clinical trial

IntroductionThe success of primary teeth pulpectomy is strongly reliant on instrumentation techniques and their impact on obturation quality & postoperative pain. Recently, pediatric rotary file systems have been implemented.Aimto compare two pediatric rotary file systems (Kedo-S-Square & Fanta AF™ Baby) with manual K-files concerning obturation quality, instrumentation time, and postoperative pain in root canal preparation of primary molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted with the trial registration number (TRN: NCT05619796 and date of registration: (17/11/2022) on sixty primary lower 2nd molars in healthy children aged 4–7 years. Molars were assigned randomly to three groups (n = 20). Group-I and -II were prepared with Kedo-S-Square & Fanta AF™Baby rotary systems respectively while group-III was prepared with a manual K-file. Instrumentation time was recorded using a stopwatch. CBCT was used to assess obturation quality immediately & recorded as optimal, underfilled, or overfilled. Postoperative pain was evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48 h-time intervals using a four-point pain intensity scale. Statistical analysis was performed for the collected data.ResultsAmong the three groups, group-I revealed a greater number of optimally filled teeth (85%) & less instrumentation time (74.75 s) followed by group-II & manual-K file group (p < 0.05). The hand K-file group had significantly more postoperative pain than the two rotary groups (p < 0.05).Conclusionthe tested rotary file systems resulted in better obturation quality, less instrumentation time, and less postoperative pain compared to manual-K files during primary teeth pulpectomy.

Post-operative pain following glide path preparation using Neoniti GPS file and manual K-files in non-vital lower molars: A randomized controlled trial

Post-operative pain following glide path preparation using Neoniti GPS file and manual K-files in non-vital lower molars: A randomized controlled trial

Evaluation and Comparison of Effectiveness of Kedo-S Pediatric Rotary Files vs Manual Instrumentation for Root Canal Treatment in Primary Molars.

To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success of Kedo-S pediatric rotary files vs manual K-Files for pulpectomy in primary mandibular molars. A sample of 30 primary mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis was taken per group. The groups were divided as below mentioned-group I (n = 30) was treated using the Kedo-S file system. Group II (n = 30)-treated using manual stainless steel K-File. The clinical and radiographic success was compared of both techniques. Statistical analysis involved t-test, Chi-squared test, and Cochran's Q test. The overall clinical success at 3, 6, and 9 months in group I were 72.4, 89.7, and 93%, respectively and in group II were 82.1, 92.9, and 92.9%, respectively. The overall radiographic success in group I at 3, 6, and 9 months were 6.9, 17.2, and 69%, respectively and in group II were 0, 7.1, and 35.7%, respectively. According to the Frankl behavior rating scale, 19 children in group I (65.5%) showed negative behavior, and 15 children in group II (53.57%) showed positive behavior. The mean instrumentation time in group I (Kedo-S pediatric rotary file group) and group II (hand K-File group) was 8.03 ± 0.823 and 11.25 ± 0.928, respectively. There was a statistically significant/highly significant difference in intergroup comparison postoperative behavior among the children in the two study groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two study groups with relation to instrumentation time. The trend that was observed in the clinical and radiographic profile was that group I (Kedo-S rotary files) cases had more success when absolute numbers and figures were compared than group II (hand stainless steel K-File) in which success rates were comparable; however, the difference between the groups were found to be statistically nonsignificant. Rajain T, Tsomu K, Namdev R. Evaluation and Comparison of Effectiveness of Kedo-S Pediatric Rotary Files vs Manual Instrumentation for Root Canal Treatment in Primary Molars. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):22-29.

Microbial Evaluation of Root Canals after Biomechanical Preparation with Manual K-files, Manual H-files, and Kedo-SG Blue Rotary Files: An In Vivo Study.

The purpose of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of Kedo-SG blue rotary files, manual K-files, and manual H-files in eliminating the root canal microflora of primary molars. Forty-five primary molars requiring pulpectomy were included in the study. Based on type of instrumentation, the teeth were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: group A: Kedo-SG blue rotary files, group B: manual H-files, and group C: manual K-files. Sterile absorbent paper points were used for sample collection and stored in sterile Eppendorf tubes containing saline as transport medium. Culturing was done on thioglycolate agar and blood agar media for the cultivation of anaerobic and aerobic microbes, respectively, and recorded as colony-forming units (CFU) using digital colony counter. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were performed for statistical analysis. Postinstrumentation, 93-96% reduction of aerobic and anaerobic microbial count was recorded in group A. Whereas, it was 87-91% reduction in group B and 90-91% reduction in group C. No statistically significant difference was noted between the three groups. Kedo-SG blue rotary files showed a better reduction of microbes in root canals when compared to manual instrumentation. However, there was no significant difference between manual and rotary instrumentation in microbial reduction of primary root canals. Lakshmanan L, Jeevanandan G. Microbial Evaluation of Root Canals after Biomechanical Preparation with Manual K-files, Manual H-files, and Kedo-SG Blue Rotary Files: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):687-690.

Comparison of the sealing ability of bioceramic sealer against epoxy resin based sealer: A systematic review &amp; meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate if bioceramic sealers had superior sealing properties to epoxy resin-based sealers. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE Ovid (from 1946 onwards), Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCO, and a hand search of references of included articles was also done. In vitro and ex vivo studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed, and quantitative synthesis was performed for microleakage measured using vertical dye penetration, horizontal dye penetration, and dentin-sealer gap. Summary effect was reported as Standardized Mean Difference with 95% CI. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the imaging modalities, the obturation techniques, and the file systems employed. A total of 24 studies were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the sealing ability of bioceramic sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer when measured using the microleakage tests [SMD -0.59(95%CI: 1.74,0.55)]. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences except when manual K-files were used. Heterogeneity was low when sub-group analysis was done. Bioceramic sealers and epoxy resin-based sealers both exhibited comparable sealing ability.

Evaluation of root canal cleaning efficacy of selfadjusting files, protaper rotary, and manual K-Files in primary teeth - An In vitro Comparative study.

The success of pulpectomy depends on complete eradication of microbial load by cleaning and shaping the primary root canals that is difficult to achieve because of anatomical intricacy of primary pulp dentin complex. Numerous instruments were tried, however, they proved to be inadequate. Selfadjusting file (SAF) is a newer file system that facilitates less dentin removal with maximal cleansing of root canals. To evaluate and compare the in vitro root canal cleaning efficacy with SAF, Protaper Universal, and Hand K-files in primary teeth. Sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups by lottery method. Access cavity was prepared, the canals were enlarged up to 20 K file, and an Indian ink was injected into each canal. Then the Group I (n = 20) was treated with SAF, Group II (n = 20) with Rotary Protaper Universal and Group III (n = 20) with Hand K-files and the root canal cleaning efficacy was evaluated based on the amount of Indian ink remaining in the canal walls under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA test and post hoc Tuckey test for intragroup and intergroup comparison, respectively. A statistically highly significant difference was observed with SAF (mean = 1.5), Protaper (mean = 2.5), and Hand K-files (mean = 2.9). However, there was no significant difference in root canal cleaning efficacy with Protaper Universal and Hand K-files. The SAFs had shown superior cleaning efficacy compared with rotary Protaper Universal and manual K files.

Comparison of obturation quality, instrumentation time and post-operative pain using manual K-files and pediatric rotary files in primary molars a double blinded randomised clinical trial

Comparison of obturation quality, instrumentation time and post-operative pain using manual K-files and pediatric rotary files in primary molars a double blinded randomised clinical trial

Severity of Post-Operative Pain after Instrumentation of Root Canals by XP-Endo and SAF Full Sequences Compared to Manual Instrumentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This investigation aimed to examine the post-operative pain experienced following single-visit root canal treatment using the XP-endo shaper sequence (XPS), full-sequence self-adjusting file (SAF), and manual K-files (HKF). A randomized equivalence parallel design, double-blinded clinical study was conducted on 120 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with or without clinical signs of apical periodontitis. Only teeth with fully formed roots and no periapical lesions were incorporated in the study. Patients were apportioned to one of three groups (n = 40) randomly: Group 1-XPS, Group 2-SAF, and Group 3-HKF. Pre- and post-instrumentation pain was rated utilizing Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with a spectrum of 0-100 mm. The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence intervals were used for statistical analysis. The mean VAS scores before instrumentation were consistent in all three groups. At 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, patients with root canals instrumented by SAF had the lowest post-instrumentation mean VAS score, followed by XPS. For all time intervals, the patients in the HKF group had the highest VAS score. The full-sequence SAF instrumentation resulted in less post-operative pain than the XP-endo plus protocol, while manual instrumentation with K-files resulted in the highest post-operative pain.

Ex Vivo Comparison of File Fracture and File Deformation in Canals with Moderate Curvature: Neolix Rotary System versus Manual K-files

Ex Vivo Comparison of File Fracture and File Deformation in Canals with Moderate Curvature: Neolix Rotary System versus Manual K-files

Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of primary root canals transportation and dentin loss after instrumentation with two-pediatric rotary files

BackgroundThis in vitro study aims to compare rotary files (Fanta and Zuanba) with manual K files according to the amount of dentin removed and canal transportation in primary mandibular second molars by CBCT images.MethodsThis experimental study was conducted on 60 extracted human second primary molars. That were divided into three groups according to root canal preparation group "I" instrumented with manual K-files, group "II" instrumented with rotary Fanta files, and group "III" instrumented with rotary Zuanba files. After root canal preparation, teeth were scanned before and after mechanical preparation with CBCT scanner. Then the amount of dentin removed was determined at three levels, including the coronal, middle and apical levels. Data were statically analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultNo statistically significant difference in the amount of dentin removed were noted between the manual and the rotary groups at the coronal and apical RC levels (P = 0.420) and (P = 0.819) respectively but significant difference was noted at the middle third (P = 0.043). Regarding RC transportation, no significant difference was noted among the three groups with the exception of the apical RC level (P = 0.043).ConclusionAlthough no significant differences were noted between rotary and manual files, the rotary files showed better performance.

The Effect of Different Molar Access Cavity Designs on Root Canal Shaping Times Using Rotation and Reciprocation Instruments in Mandibular First Molars

IntroductionThe aim was to compare the glide path and final preparation times of WaveOne Gold and TruNatomy in conjunction with two different endodontic access cavity designs in extracted human molar teeth. Methods60 extracted human mandibular molars with mesiobuccal canals were selected and randomly divided into two different access cavity design preparation groups (n = 30). Traditional access cavities (TAC) and conservative access cavities (CAC). Within each cavity design group, the 30 teeth were divided in to two instrumentation groups (WaveOne Gold Primary (n = 15) and TruNatomy Prime (n = 15)). Group 1: TAC, #10 stainless steel manual K-file followed by WaveOne Gold Glider and WaveOne Gold Primary. Group 2: CAC, #10 stainless steel manual K-file followed by WaveOne Gold Glider and WaveOne Gold Primary. Group 3: TAC, #10 stainless steel manual K-file followed by TruNatomy Orifice Modifier and Glider and TruNatomy Prime. Group 4: CAC, #10 stainless steel manual K-file followed by TruNatomy Glider and TruNatomy Prime. Glide path and final preparation times were recorded. ResultsShaping time with TruNatomy Glider in combination with TruNatomy Prime instruments were faster compared to the WaveOne Gold Glider/ WaveOne Gold Primary instruments regardless of the type of access cavity preparation. TAC design yielded faster preparation time (38.2 ± 4.57 seconds) compared to the CAC (55.6 ± 6.91 seconds) in the WaveOne Gold Glider/ WaveOne Gold Primary instrumentation group. No difference was found between the different access cavity design groups in combination with TruNatomy Glider/TruNatomy Prime preparation. ConclusionPreparation time with TruNatomy Glider and Prime instruments was significantly faster than WaveOne Gold Glider/WaveOne Gold Primary, regardless of the access cavity design. TAC design in combination with WaveOne Gold Glider/ WaveOne Gold Primary instrumentation resulted in faster preparation time compared to WaveOne Gold Glider/WaveOne Gold in combination with the CAC design.

A Comparative In Vitro Study of Rotary Versus Manual Instruments for Canal Preparation of Primary Molars

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the pediatric nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary system and manual instrumentation for root canal preparation for primary molar teeth to assess their efficiency in preparation time and cleaning capacity. Material and methods: Sixty-four primary molar canals were categorized into two groups randomly—Group I, 27 canals manually instrumented with K-files; and group II, 31 canals instrumented with Ni-Ti rotary files (Kedo-SG). India ink was injected into the root canals in both groups with insulin syringes. The instrumentation times were recorded; thereafter, the teeth were cleared using various solutions, following which, two observers evaluated and observed the root canals under a stereomicroscope. Results: The preparation time in group I using K-files was significantly longer than that in group II, which used exclusive pediatric primary tooth rotary files (group I vs. group II, 01:30 vs. 00:58, respectively; P=.0202; t-test, P<.001). Moreover, the rotary files demonstrated significant canal cleaning capacity than the K-files for complete cleaning of the root canals (approximately 38% vs. 8%, respectively; P=.013). Conclusion: The use of rotary files for preparation of primary molar teeth has several advantages over the manual K-files, including faster working time. Therefore, the use of rotary files will improve compliance with children, and additionally, provide acceptable cleaning capacity.

Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of manual K-files and reciprocating files in glide path preparation: a micro-computed tomography study of constricted canals

BackgroundOptimum Glide Path (OGP) is a new reciprocating motion aiming to perform efficient glide path preparation in constricted canals. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare manual and OGP movement in terms of canal transportation and centering ability in glide path preparation of constricted canals.MethodsThirty constricted mesial root canals of mandibular molars, with initial apical size no larger than ISO#8, were selected and negotiated with #6–#8 K-files under the microscope. Canals were randomly divided into two experimental groups: Group 1 (MAN, n = 15): Glide path was established by using #10-#15 stainless steel K-files manually; Group 2 (OGP, n = 15): #10-#15 Mechanical Glide Path super-files were used with OGP motion (OGP 90°, 300 rpm). Each instrument was used to prepare only 2 canals (as in one mesial root). Canals were scanned before and after glide path preparation with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate root canal transportation and centering ratio at 1, 3 and 5 mm levels from the root apex. File distortions and separations were recorded. Paired t-test was used to statistically evaluate the data (P < .05).ResultsGroup 2 showed a significantly lower transportation value than group 1 at 1-mm and 3-mm levels (P < .05), however the difference at 5-mm level was not significant. There was no significant difference regarding the centering ratio between the groups. Six #10 K-files were severely distorted in group 1, while no file separation or distortion was found in group 2.ConclusionsOGP motion performed significantly less canal transportation (apical 3 mm) and file distortion during glide path establishment in constricted canals comparing to manual motion, while the centering ability between the two was similar.Clinical relevanceOGP reciprocating motion provides a safer and efficient clinical approach compared to traditional manual motion in glide path establishment with small files in constricted canals.

Comparison of Apical Extrusion of Bacteria After Glide Path Preparation Between Manual K File, One G Rotary, and WaveOne Gold Glider Reciprocation Preparations.

Objective:To compare the amount of apically extruded bacteria between hand-filed preparations, rotary and reciprocation glide path preparations in curved canals of extracted teeth infected with Enterococcus faecalis.Methods:Forty mandibular first molar teeth were decoronated, fitted into rubber stoppers and fixed onto glass vials. The mesiobuccal canals from mandibular first molar teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis, then randomly assigned to one of five groups for glide path preparation: manual stainless-steel file (K-files), rotary file (One G), reciprocating file (WaveOne Gold Glider) and two control groups. After glide path preparation, 0.01 mL of saline was taken from the experimental vials. The solution was plated on tryptic soy agar and colonies of bacteria were counted as colony-forming units. The results were analysed statistically using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney U tests.Results:The manual K-file group was associated with significantly more bacteria extrusion compared to the rotary and reciprocating groups (P<0.05). However, no significant difference occurred between rotary and reciprocation instruments.Conclusion:All instrumentation techniques resulted in a measurable amount of apical extrusion of bacteria. Manual K-files extruded the highest quantity of bacteria compared to One G rotary file and WaveOne Gold Glider reciprocation file during glide path preparation.