Manual Blood Pressure Measurement Research Articles

Outpatient blinatumomab with digital monitoring in patients with measurable residual disease positive (MRD+) B-ALL in a phase 4 study.

6544 Background: Blinatumomab, a CD3/CD19-directed BiTE® (bispecific T-cell engager) molecule, is an effective therapy for patients (pts) with MRD+ B-ALL. Hospitalization is recommended for days (D) 1–3 of cycle (C) 1 and D1–2 of C2 for these pts receiving blinatumomab to monitor for serious adverse events (SAEs). This phase 4 study evaluated the safety and feasibility of outpatient (outpt) digital monitoring to replace hospitalization in pts with MRD+ B-ALL (NCT04506086). Methods: Enrolled adults with MRD+ B-ALL in complete remission received continuous intravenous (cIV) blinatumomab at 28 μg/day. Current Health Wearable Monitoring System (CHWMS) was worn by pts at home for D1–3 (C1) and D1–2 (C2), in the presence of a caregiver, and provided heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation; a separate patch monitored temperature. Manual blood pressure measurements were taken every 3-6 hrs. Vital signs (VS) were streamed to a provider smartphone/laptop; changes outside a predetermined threshold generated audible alarms. The primary endpoint was incidence of grade (G) ≥3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, or any adverse event (AE) requiring hospitalization during the monitoring period. Results: As of 12/15/2023, 9 pts (median age 43 [20-73] years) received outpt blinatumomab for (completed C1, n=7; C2, n=6). During outpt monitoring, dose interruption was reported in 5 of 9 pts (1 pt had 2 dose interruptions: AE, n=2; dose administration error, n=2; other, n=2). CRS was reported in 2 pts (SAE, n=1; G≥3, n=0; led to interruption, n=1) and neurologic events in 4 pts (SAE, n=0; G≥3, n=0; led to interruption, n=0). Two pts experienced AEs requiring hospitalization (CRS, n=1; fever, n=1). Most VS changes were physiological or from routine pt activity. Median (range) number of alarms triggered/pt was 79 (12-135); among 3 pts, 1.2%, 5.1% and 8.9% of alarms led to therapeutic intervention (Table). Conclusions: To date, outpt administration of cIV blinatumomab in pts with MRD+ B-ALL was feasible and safe with appropriate outpt digital monitoring. Study enrollment is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT04506086 . [Table: see text]

Comparing Face-to-Face, Blended and Online Teaching Approaches for Practical Skill Acquisition: A Randomised Controlled Trial

IntroductionThe efficacy of blended and online teaching methods for practical skill acquisition remains ambiguous, particularly for skills requiring haptic awareness and/or sensory training. This study aims to compare three teaching methods (face-to-face, blended, online) for the acquisition of skills requiring sensory learning and haptic awareness. A secondary aim was to explore student experience of each teaching approach.DesignA post-test only randomised controlled trial.MethodsForty-seven participants chose between learning two skills: manual measurement of blood pressure during exercise (BPM) and/or skin fold measurement using callipers (SKM). Participants were randomised to one of three learning groups: face-to-face (n = 23), blended (n = 22) and online (n = 26). Assessors determined skill competency during an in-person skill demonstration session. A survey captured student experiences.ResultsFor SKM, there was a statistically significant difference in skill competency between the online learning group (17% achieved competency) and both the face-to-face (75% achieved competency; p = 0.011) and blended (89% achieved competency; p = 0.001) learning groups. For BPM, the online group had the lowest percentage of participants achieve overall skill competency. Both knowledge-based and sensory-based sub-competencies were negatively affected by the online learning method. For both skills, students in the face-to-face and blended learning group were significantly more confident in their knowledge and their ability to perform the skill in a clinical setting, compared to the online learning group.ConclusionBoth face-to-face and blended teaching methods were more effective at leading to skill acquisition and were preferred by students when compared to a fully online teaching method.

JS-WHL-ISH-LANCET-2: WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ACCEPTABLE TEST OF CLINICAL VALIDITY?

For the accurate clinical measurement of blood pressure (BP), hypertension guidelines recommend using an automated BP measuring device that has passed accuracy testing in accordance with an internationally-accepted validation protocol. Such a protocol is designed to rigorously determine the accuracy of an automated BP measuring device compared with a reference manual BP measurement method in a general, or special, population of people. The results of validation studies should be reported in full and made publicly available by such means as publication in the peer-reviewed literature. Since the 1980's, many validation protocols have been developed by Hypertension societies and organisations concerned with the safe and effective use of technology to improve health. An international initiative to harmonize different protocols and develop a single ‘universal’ accepted standard for BP device validation was recently completed by experts from the US Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, the European Society of Hypertension and the International Organization for Standardization. This standard (ISO 81060–2:2018) is now the recommended international validation protocol designed to replace all other previous standards and protocols. International hypertension organisation recommend convergence towards the global regulatory requirement for mandatory, independent clinical validation of automated BP measuring devices according to the universal standard. This will ensure that the accuracy of automated BP measuring devices is confirmed before being cleared for sale by regulatory authorities, and is an urgent international need.

RETURN TO LIFE: A CASE OF THE LAZARUS PHENOMENON

RETURN TO LIFE: A CASE OF THE LAZARUS PHENOMENON

Validation of Uright model TD 3127AT wireless-portable ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device with timer trigger modification, standard cuff size, in normotensive and mild hypertensive patients of Thailand registry (Thai valid ambulatory blood pressure monitoring).

Nowadays, automated blood pressure (BP) monitoring devices are commonly used by patients as a part of standard medical care for hypertension. The timer trigger was modified into a wireless automated home BP monitoring (HBPM) device to expand its potential use as ambulatory BP monitoring. However, the BP measurement accuracy in this modified device remains unknown. We aimed to assess the accuracy of Uright model TD 3127AT, which is an automated HBPM device with a timer trigger modification, following an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 81060-2:2018 guidelines in the Thai population. This cross-sectional study included normotensive and hypertensive Thai participants following the ISO 81060-2:2018 guidelines from August 2021 to February 2022. This study aimed to compare the BP readings from an automated sphygmomanometer, Uright model TD 3127AT, TaiDoc Technology Corporation, with a timer trigger to a standard manual BP measurement. BPs were measured in 85 participants with a mean age ± SD of 38.39 ± 13.91 years, and 69% were females. The mean SBP ± SD (range) was 117.46 ± 18.63 (84-176) mmHg and the mean DBP ± SD (range) was 74.84 ± 10.70 (42-108) mmHg. The mean BP difference between observers and devices was 0.66 ± 6.81 mmHg for SBP and -0.96 ± 6.33 mmHg for DBP. The SD of the averaged pair determination per individual was ±4.45 mmHg for SBP and ±3.46 mmHg for DBP. The accuracy of the timer-triggered device was found to be acceptable when evaluated according to the ISO 81060-2: 2018 guidelines. An automated sphygmomanometer, Uright model TD 3127AT, TaiDoc Technology Corporation, with timer trigger modification passed the ISO 81060-2:2018 guidelines.

Reliability of Automated and Manual Blood Pressure Measurement Devices

Reliability of Automated and Manual Blood Pressure Measurement Devices

Association of an Automated Blood Pressure Measurement Quality Improvement Program With Terminal Digit Preference and Recorded Mean Blood Pressure in 11 Clinics

Terminal digit preference has been shown to be associated with inaccurate blood pressure (BP) recording. To evaluate whether converting from manual BP measurement with aneroid sphygmomanometers to automated BP measurement was associated with terminal digit preference, mean levels of recorded BP, and the rate at which hypertension was diagnosed. This quality improvement study was conducted from May 9, 2021, to March 24, 2022, using interrupted time series analysis of medical record data from 11 primary care clinics in a single health care system from April 2008 to April 2015. The study population was patients aged 18 to 75 years who had their BP measured and recorded at least once during the study period. Manual BP measurement before April 2012 vs automated BP measurement with the Omron HEM-907XL monitor from May 2012 to April 2015. The main outcome was the distribution of terminal digits and mean systolic BP (SBP) values obtained during 4 years of manual measurement vs 3 years of automated measurement, assessed using a generalized linear mixed regression model with a random intercept for clinic and adjusted for seasonal fluctuations and patient demographic and clinical characteristics. The study included 1 541 227 BP measurements from 225 504 unique patients during the entire study period, with 849 978 BP measurements from 165 137 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [15.2] years; 58.2% female) during the manual measurement period and 691 249 measurements from 149 080 patients (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [15.3] years; 56.3% female) during the automated measurement period. With manual measurement, 32.8% of SBP terminal digits were 0 (20% was the expected value because nursing staff was instructed to record BP to the nearest even digit). This proportion decreased to 12.4% during the automated measurement period (expected value, 10%) when both even and odd digits were to be recorded. After automated measurement was implemented, the mean SBP estimated with statistical modeling increased by 5.09 mm Hg (95% CI, 4.98-5.19 mm Hg). Fewer BP values recorded during the automated than the manual measurement period were below 140/90 mm Hg (69.9% vs 84.3%; difference, -14.5%; 95% CI, -14.6% to -14.3%) and below 130/80 mm Hg (42.1% vs 60.0%; difference, -17.9%; 95% CI, -18.0% to -17.7%). The proportion of patients with a diagnosis of hypertension was 4.3 percentage points higher (23.4% vs 19.1%) during the automated measurement period. In this quality improvement study, automated BP measurement was associated with decreased terminal digit preference and significantly higher mean BP levels. The method of BP measurement was also associated with the rate at which hypertension was diagnosed. These findings may have implications for pay-for-performance programs, which may create an incentive to record BP levels that meet a particular goal and a disincentive to adopt automated measurement of BP.

YouTube As a Source of Information on ‘Manual Blood Pressure Measurement’

Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality and reliability of videos on manual blood pressure measurement on YouTube. Patients and Methods: In January 2021, the first 100 videos found as a result of a search with the keywords ‘manual blood pressure measurement’ on YouTube were watched and evaluated. Based on the exclusion criteria, 75 videos were included in the study. Duplicate videos, irrelevant videos, and videos in languages other than English were excluded from the study. Each video was scored according to the questions prepared based on the guidelines. The GQS score and the ‘reliability’ score were used to assess the quality of the videos. Results: According to the checklist prepared based on the hypertension consensus report, the mean score of the videos was 8.33 ± 2.1. When the videos were evaluated according to their sources, the average score of the videos of the health sites was 9 ± 2.5, the average score of the videos of the individual healthcare professionals was 8.66 ± 1.8, the average score of the videos of unidentified individuals was 7.54 ± 2.1. Conclusion: Manual blood pressure measurement videos on YouTube have little educational value. Videos of health websites should be preferred for education.

Photoplethysmography Fast Upstroke Time Intervals Can Be Useful Features for Cuff-Less Measurement of Blood Pressure Changes in Humans.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform analysis is being increasingly investigated for continuous, non-invasive, and cuff-less blood pressure (BP) measurement. However, the efficacy of this approach and the useful features and models remain largely unclear. The objectives were to develop easy-to-understand models relating PPG waveform features to BP changes (after a cuff calibration) and to determine their value in BP measurement accuracy. The study data comprised finger, toe, and ear PPG waveforms, an ECG waveform, and reference manual cuff BP measurements from 32 human subjects (25% hypertensive) before and after slow breathing, mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and nitroglycerin administration. Stepwise linear regression was employed to create parsimonious models for predicting the intervention-induced BP changes from popular PPG waveform features, pulse arrival time (PAT, time delay between ECG R-wave and PPG foot), and subject demographics. Leave-one-subject-out cross validation was applied to compare the BP change prediction root-mean-squared-errors (RMSEs) of the resulting models to reference models in which PPG waveform features were excluded. Finger b-time (PPG foot to minimum second derivative time interval) and ear "STT" (PPG amplitude divided by maximum derivative), when combined with PAT, reduced the systolic BP change prediction RMSE of reference models by 6-7% (p 0.022). Ear STT together with pulse width reduced the diastolic BP change prediction RMSE of the reference model by 13% (p = 0.003). The two PPG fast upstroke time intervals can offer some added value in cuff-less BP trending. This study offers important information towards achieving non-invasive and passive BP monitoring without a cuff.

Comparative accuracies of automated and manual office blood pressure measurements in a Chinese population.

We aimed to assess the difference in the accuracy of readings from automated office blood pressure machines with each other or with manual office blood pressure measurements in Chinese individuals. We collected awake 48-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, two automated office blood pressure device (BpTRU and WatchBP) readings, and manual office blood pressure measurements in Chinese patients (n = 135) with hypertension in a randomized sequence. Differences were compared using paired t-tests and Bland-Altman plots. The sensitivity and specificity of the techniques for detecting elevated blood pressure were calculated using awake ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as the reference standard. The WatchBP device's and awake ambulatory blood pressure readings were similar. The BpTRU device provided significantly lower mean systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.001) blood pressure readings, while manual office BP provided significantly higher mean systolic (P = 0.008) and diastolic (P < 0.001) blood pressure readings than the awake automated office blood pressure readings. Automated and manual office blood pressure measurements showed similar sensitivity, specificity, and 95% limits of agreement as based on Bland-Altman plots. The mean systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic (P < 0.02) blood pressure readings of WatchBP and BpTRU differed, and their diagnostic performances were not superior than those of manual office blood pressure measurements in Chinese patients. Therefore, automated office blood pressure measurements cannot be routinely recommended for Chinese individuals in clinical practice. More studies are needed to confirm these results.

Evaluation of arterial hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

Many cardiovascular complications, including hypertension, are seen in pediatric liver transplantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of arterial hypertension of pediatric liver transplant recipients and also to determine the related risk factors. Thirty-six pediatric liver transplant recipients aged 8-17 years were prospectively studied by manual and ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) technique. The mean age of patients was 12.42 ± 2.74 years and the mean ABPM measurement time after transplantation was 2 years (3 months-5.9 years). Only one (2.7%) patient was detected as hypertensive by casual measurement, but 17 (47.2%) patients were found to be hypertensive when measured through ABPM. Of children that were found to be hypertensive as a result of ABPM, 64.7% were observed to have a nondipper pattern. Considering the time passed after the transplantation, patients were found to be more hypertensive in the first 2 years posttransplant although it was not found statistically significant. In this study, it has been shown that it is possible to diagnose hypertension at an earlier period of transplantation using ABPM in pediatric liver transplant patients. ABPM is needed to detect masked hypertension that may develop following liver transplantation.

Improving Blood Pressure Accuracy in the Outpatient Adolescent Setting

Hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the pediatric population, and hypertensive children become hypertensive adults. Blood pressure (BP) is often overlooked due to factors including distrust in readings, lack of time in visits, and discomfort prescribing antihypertensive medications. The objective of our multistage, clinically based quality improvement project was to improve BP measurement and HTN diagnosis and intervention in adolescents. Study investigators performed interventions in an adolescent medicine clinic at Children's Hospital Colorado (ages 12-24 years), which included equipment inventory, mapping clinic processes, manual/automated BP training for staff, education of faculty/staff on guidelines, and creation/implementation of updated best practice alerts (BPAs) based on age-appropriate guidelines for stage 1, 2 HTN in patients younger/older 18years. With equipment updates, medical assistant manual BP certifications, educational sessions for faculty/staff, and creation of a BPA with instruction before the go-live date, confidence in using automated and manual BP measurements increased for faculty/staff. The number of unique patient visits presenting with elevated BPs decreased significantly in the postintervention period reflecting the education/training. Staff used the new order set minimally, but there was an increase in correct diagnoses of elevated BP and laboratory workup. Having appropriate equipment while introducing BP guideline education in the ambulatory setting with electronic health record reminders and utility of BPAs can decrease erroneous BP values saving providers and staff encounter time. Real-time alerts can aid in accurate diagnosis rates and improved intervention for youth with elevated BP readings. Providers still inconsistently interact with order sets despite such parameters.

A comparative study of automated versus manual measurement of blood pressure in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Measurement of arterial blood pressure (BP) is one of the routine procedures performed both in outpatient and inpatient services of the hospital. Even though BP estimation is routinely done, its values are vital to assess the health status of the patients. Accurate recordings of BP can be estimated by adhering to all the precautions and instructions relating to the specific method employed for BP measurement. In recent years, many health-care setups are replacing the traditional manual BP apparatus with automated machines (digital) for BP estimation. Hence, there is a need to compare these two techniques in relation to their accuracy. Aims and Objectives: In a quest to replace manual mercury sphygmomanometers with automated machines, there is a need to see the reliability of automated machines of BP measurements especially which are currently available in India. Hence, the present study will help us to see the accuracy of automated machines by simultaneously comparing them with manual mercury sphygmomanometer. Materials and Methods: A total of around 224 patients which include 124 males and 100 females within the age group of 25–35 years are recruited for the study. Informed consent was taken from all the subjects. Institute ethical clearance was obtained before conducting the research study. Both manual and automated BP apparatus were used for BP recording. Results: The mean systolic BP (SBP) recorded in males using the mercury sphygmomanometer was found to be 113.19 ± 10.60 mmHg, 113.08 ± 10.08 mmHg, and 117.16 ± 11.14 mmHg, and the mean diastolic BP (DBP) was found to be 68.76 ± 8.34 mmHg, 70.50 ± 8.66 mmHg, and 72.69 ± 8.35 mmHg in sitting, standing, and recumbent postures, respectively. The mean SBP recorded using digital sphygmomanometer was found to be 113.90 ± 10.93 mmHg, 117.24 ± 10.23 mmHg, and 117.16 ± 11.14 mmHg and the mean DBP recorded was found to be to be 68.50±8.43 mmHg, 70.50 ± 8.66 mmHg, and 72.39±7.89 mmHg in sitting, standing, and recumbent postures, respectively. The difference between mean SBP and DBPs in males recorded using the two devices was found to be statistically insignificant. Similarly, the difference between mean SBP and DBP in females recorded using the two devices was not statistically significant. Conclusion: From the above results, it is concluded that there were no significant differences in recorded values of manual mercury sphygmomanometer and automated digital sphygmomanometer.

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Gagné’s 9 Events of Instruction With Active Learning: Teaching Student Pharmacists How to Measure Blood Pressure

As the scope of practice for pharmacists expands to include rendering physical assessment procedures, colleges and schools of pharmacy are increasingly incorporating various assessment skills into the curriculum. Pharmacy practice faculty are increasingly tasked with teaching and assessing learners on professional competency in entrustable professional activities and skills such as manual blood pressure measurement. Manual measurement using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope is considered the gold standard with regard to evaluating blood pressure. As pharmacy faculty begin to develop courses on physical assessment, a step-by-step, evidence-based andragogic/pedagogic method for designing, planning, instructing, and assessing learner proficiency is essential. The principles and techniques of active learning are frequently discussed and increasingly incorporated into the curricular and teaching philosophies of colleges and schools of pharmacy. However, the practical application of andragogic/pedagogic principles toward lesson planning and curation of active learning is infrequently discussed. In this article, we aim to illustrate a deliberate approach to designing and operationalizing active learning for auscultatory manual blood pressure measurement within the framework of Gagné’s 9 events of instruction. For each design and instruction step, we propose user-friendly, high-impact operational practices derived empirically from education science, experience, and observations. Schematically, the approach described is intended to also facilitate instructor metacognition and knowledge building of applied andragogy/pedagogy through pre hoc, ad hoc, and post hoc reflection. Pragmatically, the approach accommodates active learning lesson planning, promotes transparency of teaching and learning, and is generalizable and applicable toward the instruction of various physical assessment procedures within the health professions.

Impact of Clinic-Based Blood Pressure Approaches on Blood Pressure Measurement.

Clinic-based blood pressure (BP) is a closely-tracked metric of health care quality, but is prone to inaccuracy and measurement imprecision. Recent guidelines have advocated for automated office blood pressure (AOBP) devices to improve clinic-based BP assessments. Patients from a single hypertension clinic underwent a 3-day evaluation that included a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), 2 manual clinic-based BP measurements (over 2 visits), and an unattended AOBP measurement (single visit). All measurements were compared to the average wake-time systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) from ABPM. Among 103 patients (mean age 57.3 ± 14.8 years, 51% women, 29% black) the average wake-time SBP was 131.3 ± 12.3 mm Hg and DBP was 78.3 ± 9.2 mm Hg. The average of 2 manual BPs was significantly higher than wake-time ABPM with mean differences of 5.5 mm Hg (P < 0.001) for SBP and 2.7 mm Hg (P = 0.002) for DBP. In contrast, the averages of the last 2 AOBP measurements did not significantly differ from ABPM with mean differences of 1.6 mm Hg (P = 0.21) for SBP and -0.5 mm Hg (P = 0.62) for DBP. The estimated prevalence of SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg based on wake-time ABPM was 27.2% vs. 49.5% based on the average of 2 manual measurements (difference 22.3%; P < 0.001) and 31.1% based on the average of the last 2 AOBP measurements (difference 3.9%; P = 0.57). A single visit, unattended AOBP more precisely estimated BP and the prevalence of stage 2 and uncontrolled hypertension than even the average of 2 manual clinic visits, supporting guideline recommendations to use AOBP for clinic-based BP measurements.

Effect of repeat manual blood pressure measurement on blood pressure and stage of hypertension

Hypertension management guidelines are influenced by clinical trials that utilize automated office blood pressure (BP) to measure BP. Many primary care clinics still use manual office BP, which has been shown to produce significantly higher BP values than automated office BP. In a primary care office, a manual BP was obtained by nursing staff using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Initial BPs ≥120/80 mm Hg were repeated during the clinical encounter by the physician. A total of 1012 encounters were analyzed, with 1000 meeting inclusion criteria. The median difference between nurse and provider BP was 4 mm Hg in systolic BP and 2 mm Hg in diastolic BP (P < 0.0001), with the greatest difference seen in patients with initial BPs >150 mm Hg systolic (10 mm Hg; P < 0.0001). Repeating BP measurements resulted in 34% of patients being reclassified to a lower hypertension stage. Patients with stage 1 and 2 hypertension initially were reclassified as controlled (systolic BP <130 mm Hg) in 40% and 8% of encounters, respectively, with repeat measurements. In clinics that use manual office BP, repeating a manual BP by the physician may provide a better reflection of adherence to standard hypertension performance measures used in the primary care setting.

Validation of Two Automatic Blood Pressure Monitors With the Ability to Transfer Data via Bluetooth.

BackgroundPatients with chronic diseases are in need of regular health controls. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is currently the most prevalent chronic metabolic disease. A majority of diabetic patients have at least one comorbid chronic disease, where hypertension is the most common. The standard for blood pressure (BP) measurement is manual BP monitoring at health care clinics. Nevertheless, several advantages of self-measured BP have been documented. With BP data transfer from an automatic BP monitor via Bluetooth to software, for example, a smartphone app, home measurement could effectively be integrated into regular care.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to validate two commercially available automatic BP monitors with the ability to transfer BP data via Bluetooth (Beurer BM 85 and Andersson Lifesense BDR 2.0), against manual BP monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 181 participants with type 2 diabetes were recruited from 6 primary care centers in Stockholm, Sweden. BP was first measured using a manual BP monitor and then measured using the two automatic BP monitors. The mean differences between the automatic and manual measurements were calculated by subtracting the manual BP monitor measurement from the automatic monitor measurement. Validity of the two automatic BP monitors was further assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman method.ResultsIn total, 180 participants, 119 men and 61 women, were included. The mean age was 60.1 (SD 11.4) years and the mean body mass index was 30.4 (SD 5.4) kg/m2. The mean difference between the Beurer BM 85 and the manual BP monitor was 11.1 (SD 11.2) mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 8.0 (SD 8.1) mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The mean difference between the Andersson Lifesense BDR 2.0 and the manual BP monitor was 3.2 (SD 10.8) mmHg for SBP and 4.2 (SD 7.2) mmHg for DBP. The automatic BP measurements were significantly correlated (P<.001) with the manual BP measurement values (Andersson Lifesense BDR 2.0: r=0.78 for SBP and r=0.71 for DBP; Beurer BM 85: r=0.78 for SBP and r=0.69 for DBP).ConclusionsThe two automatic BP monitors validated measure sufficiently accurate on a group level, with the Andersson Lifesense BDR 2.0 more often falling within the ranges for what is acceptable in clinical practice compared with the Beurer BM 85.

Trends in end digit preference for blood pressure and associations with cardiovascular outcomes in Canadian and UK primary care: a retrospective observational study

ObjectivesTo study systematic errors in recording blood pressure (BP) as measured by end digit preference (EDP); to determine associations between EDP, uptake of Automated Office BP (AOBP) machines and cardiovascular...