Mansion House Research Articles

Riddle’s Court, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh

Riddle’s Court, a former merchant’s house situated off the Royal Mile, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh, underwent major refurbishment and transformation into the Patrick Geddes Centre for Learning from 2015 to 2017. The results from historical research, building survey and architectural watching briefs are as yet unparalleled, as no other building on the Royal Mile has received the level of historical and archaeological research carried out at Riddle’s Court.
 In the late 16th century much of the Royal Mile was a plethora of mainly stone and timber-framed houses. However, Riddle’s Court was an amalgam of predominantly ashlar and rubble construction with tall thatched roofs with dormer windows. Slate was a later addition in the early 18th century. The interior of the complex was furnished with several turnpike staircases of which only one now survives. During the 17th and 18th centuries Riddle’s Court was bedecked with all the fine trappings of a country mansion house and was occupied by major and minor aristocracy until the late 18th century. The status of the building was further elevated by its earlier royal connections that led to its partial remodelling for ceremonial purposes. A legacy of a lavish royal banquet in honour of King James VI of Scotland (James I of England) and his bride Queen Anne of Denmark was a painted ceiling in the so-called ‘King’s Chamber’ which commemorated their royal union. This ornate and historically significant painted beam and board ceiling was discovered in the 1960s during a period of building renovation by Edinburgh City Council. The ceiling was restored and is a focal point among a large collection of ornate plaster and painted ceilings. Subsequent removal of more modern lined ceilings during the present refurbishment led to the discovery of three more painted beam and board ceilings, and a concealed fireplace and bread oven that are rare survivors within not only the Royal Mile but elsewhere in Scotland. The presence of so much hitherto unrecorded artwork has significantly raised the importance of the Court’s North Block.

Numerical modelling of the response of two heritage masonry buildings to nearby tunnelling

Controlling building displacements induced by tunnelling is a major issue in densely urbanised areas, particularly for listed heritage structures. Major tunnelling projects provide opportunities to assess the ability of advanced numerical models to address this issue, in conjunction with the large amount of monitoring data that are gathered during the works. This paper considers the case of two Grade-I listed buildings (St. Mary Abchurch and Mansion House) affected by the Bank Station Capacity Upgrade in London (UK) where complex excavation works were conducted to improve the existing underground infrastructure. Both conventional and innovative monitoring was carried out to control the effect of tunnel construction on these buildings. Following the works, three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted by adopting a semi-coupled modelling approach. In these analyses, the pre-existing damage in the buildings prior to tunnelling has been considered by adjusting the properties of embedded solids that are used to idealise the structure. The analyses also considered salient aspects that are often neglected in routine risk-assessment procedures, such as the excavation modelling sequence covering both pilot tunnelling and enlargement, the skew building-tunnel alignment, and the effect of closely spaced tunnel excavations on surface ground deformations. The results highlight the challenges associated with idealising historic structures with semi-coupled models; nevertheless, they encourage the integrated use of innovative monitoring systems and advanced numerical modelling as a tool to control the process of tunnel excavation in complex urban environments.

LIII. International Scientific Conference KoKa 2022 September 7 – 9, 2022, Kočovce, Slovak Republic

Abstract Faculties of Mechanical Engineering, especially their Departments of Internal Combustion Engines, began conferences with a later designation KOKA (or KoKa) in the year 1969. These were initially focused on the research of the combustion engines. This was later accompanied also by research of the vehicle powertrains and drive units in general. Latest of these conferences was organized by the Institute of Transport technology and Engineering Design, SjF, STU in the year 2022 in the mansion house Kočovce.

Takzvaný zámeček Ohrazenice čp. 128 v Ratibořských Horách z přelomu 18. a 19. století. Příspěvek k poznání panského domu schwarzenberského horního rady

Takzvaný zámeček Ohrazenice čp. 128 v Ratibořských Horách z přelomu 18. a 19. století. Příspěvek k poznání panského domu schwarzenberského horního rady

Doncaster Mansion House Portraits: A Pictorial Tour

Doncaster’s civic Mansion House contains, amongst other paintings, 23 portraits in oils acquired between 1804 and 1985 in four of its principal rooms. A few were commissioned for the building, but most were obtained by gift from a range of donors. This article explains the occasion and examines the motives for these acquisitions and suggests some mutual features which provide historical links between them.

Analiz zastroiki s. Yar Tomskogo raiona Tomskoi oblasti (po rezul''tatam naturnogo obsledovaniya) [Housing analysis of the village Yar of the Tomsk region

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the historical development of the village Yar of the Tomsk. The analysis is based on field research carried out in June–July 2021. The village Yar (Yarskoye) was founded in 1648 and included in the main events of the country. According to Ashchepkov, the village is characterized by wooden architecture common to West Siberia. The history and preserved architectural elements together with the natural landscape provide an opportunity of is development as a historical settlement of the regional significance. Purpose: A study of the historical housing of the village Yar in the conditions of its disappearance due to the short lifetime of the wood, the main building material, changing social legitimacy and functional use of households. Design/methodology: The architectural measurement technique allowing to identify the architectural parameters of buildings along with a detailed recording of their linear dimensions. In situ measurements, including sketches and photographs, office data treatment, and graphic representation of mansion houses, facades. The housing analysis based on the obtained data; critical analysis, systems structural analysis, and creative synthesis in making implications. Originality/value: The field research of the village Yar, which creates the basis for further research on small settlements. Historical and cultural plan, photographs, architectural measurements, graphics are presented for the current state of the Yar village housing. Practical implications: The results obtained can be used in the lecture preparation, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.

Artificial Intelligence in the Protection and Inheritance of Cultural Landscape Heritage in Traditional Village

To continue to protect and inherit the cultural landscape heritage of traditional villages, starting from the perspective of artificial intelligence (AI), literature review methods are used, and related theories are collected. Then, Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province in the traditional villages is taken as the research object. By analyzing the tourism income of this place from 2016 to 2020, the overall income of this county is relatively good. In fact, due to the weak protection of traditional villages in Wuyuan County, the lack of supervision awareness, the implementation of the “immigrant and relocation” policy, and the backward thinking of residents, the cultural landscape of traditional villages has collapsed and destroyed. Up to now, there are 113 ancient ancestral temples, 28 ancient mansion houses, 36 ancient private houses, 187 ancient bridges, and only 12 ancient villages. Finally, AI technology is applied to the cultural landscape of traditional villages. Through image restoration technology, traditional villages can be restored to a certain extent. Intelligent positioning and radio frequency (RF) technology can also realize real-time monitoring of traditional villages from the perspective of weather and service life to achieve the purpose of protecting cultural landscape heritage. Therefore, AI technology is applied in the protection and inheritance of traditional village cultural landscape heritage, which has great reference significance for the management of various historical and cultural heritage.

Mies van der Rohe. Progetto per Mansion House Square a Londra

This article is a critical essay on Mies van der Rohe’s Mansion House Square project in London. The bronze and glass tower and the stone square possess an almost iconic value in that they are a witness of a solid idea of the city, ripened through his experiences in Germany and the United States, which inevitably coincides, having contributed to determine it, with the history of the European city and its evolution during the 20th century.

TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING AND SATELLITE DATA IN CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDING DOCUMENTATION

Abstract. Technological advances in the field of information acquisition have led to the development of various techniques regarding building documentation. Among the proposed methods, acquisition of data without being in direct physical contact with the features under investigation could provide valuable information especially in the case of buildings or areas presenting a high cultural value. Satellite or ground-based remote sensing techniques could contribute to the protection, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage buildings, as well as in the interpretation and monitoring of their surrounding area. The increasing interest in the generation of 3D facade models for documentation of the built environment has made laser scanning a valuable tool for 3D data collection. Through the generation of dense 3D point clouds, digitization of building facades could be achieved, offering data that could be used for further processing. Satellite imagery could also contribute to this direction, extending the monitoring possibilities of the buildings’ surrounding area or even providing information regarding change detection in large-scale cultural landscapes. This paper presents the study of a mansion house built in the middle of the 18th century in northwestern Greece, using terrestrial laser scanning techniques for facade documentation, as well as satellite imagery for monitoring and interpretation purposes. The scanning process included multiple external scans of the main facade of the building which were registered using artificial targets in order to form a single colored 3D model. Further process resulted in a model that offers measurement possibilities valuable to future plans and designs for preservation and restoration. Digital processing of satellite imagery provided the extraction of additional enhanced data regarding the physiognomy of the surrounding area.

‘All our joys will be complated’: the visit of George IV to Ireland, 1821

AbstractThe visit of George IV to Ireland in the summer of 1821 prompted an effusive display of royalist emotion. It left a visible and material legacy in Dublin in the form of Kingstown, the Round Room in the Mansion House, King's Bridge, and a variety of prints, paintings, commemorative coins and ephemera. The idea of constructing a palace to facilitate future royal visits was even floated. The visit was reported on extensively in the newspapers of the day and was the subject also of a range of poems, verses and songs. A royal visit made on a whim, together with vested interests and carefully managed propaganda, combined to produce mismatched expectations of what the visit would achieve. This article assesses the visit and argues that while the Dublin administration viewed it as a success, there was, in fact, little positive outcome.

In search of “the Holy Grail of permanent price stability”: How the Bank of England communicates trust via story and argument

This research paper examines the communication strategies adopted by the Bank of England to create trust in financial markets using narrative and argument. The corpus under scrutiny consists of 71 speeches delivered by Governors of the UK Central Bank – the Bank of England – at the Mansion House in the City of London, from 1946, when the Bank was nationalised, to 2016, shortly before the Brexit referendum. The question of how story and argument are used to create trust is analysed using three narrative threads deployed by successive Governors of the Bank of England in the annual Mansion House speech: the myth surrounding the City, the travails of Britain inside and outside of Europe and the “story of monetary policy”. This research, which lays bare the discursive techniques underpinning institutional trust, aims to provide an insight into the symbolic power of language and modes of authority and legitimation.

The Inn of the Tongue of Italy for the Hospitaller knights in Rhodes

SUMMARYThe identification of a building on Rhodes as the Hospitaller Inn of the Tongue of Italy has been subject to doubt and is contested by some scholars. This article sheds light on this question and brings new evidence from architectural, archaeological, 19th-century photographic, and manuscript sources. Some as yet unidentified structures appear to be property of the Tongue of Italy. Regarding the building in question, it was built in 1519 and likely stands on land previously occupied by the former mansion house of Fabrizio del Carretto, when he was admiral of the Order of Rhodes from 1509 to 1513.The doubts expressed about this structure, whether it should be considered as the Inn of Italy, are not well-founded. The house with the arms of Fabrizio del Carretto in the Street of the Knights can be identified as the Inn of the Tongue of Italy, as it was part of the Italian ‘Auberge’ housing some of its functions, in other words part of several buildings owned by this Tongue: the Inn of the knights, the private houses of the successive chiefs of the Tongue who held the office of admiral, the mansion houses for one or more priors from Italy, when they were at Rhodes, and the auxiliary buildings belonging to the Tongue of Italy. Today part of the historic centre of the town of Rhodes a designated World Heritage Site by UNESCO, this monument presents a significant multi-disciplinary dimension. It was built by a Christian military and religious Order. For almost four centuries, it was an Ottoman house, and the ground floor was converted into a grocery and tobacco store. By the beginning of the 20th century, after it was restored, its medieval architecture was highlighted. Today, it houses the Service of the Direction of the Medieval Town of Rhodes. Despite the fact that this structure went through different uses during the last five centuries, it stands as a most worthy-of-consideration example for intercultural identity.

Slavery at the Gendered Crossroads of the Revolutionary Era: First Ladies and Their Bondspeople

Slavery at the Gendered Crossroads of the Revolutionary Era:First Ladies and Their Bondspeople Brenda E. Stevenson (bio) Erica Armstrong Dunbar, Never Caught: The Washingtons' Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge. New York: Atria Books, 2017, xvii + 253 pp. Figures, notes, bibliography, and index. $26.00. Marie Jenkins Schwartz, Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017, 420 pp. Figures, notes, bibliography, and index. $35.00. As I walk attentively through the mansion houses at Mount Vernon, Montpelier, and Monticello as part of a series of plantation research outings during annual sojourns to my home in Virginia, my questions hover everywhere, but two in particular push to the forefront. What was it really like to work and live—young and old, male and female—within these beautifully conceived and adorned spaces, among the most powerful and privileged of one's age, with so limited an opportunity to insist on one's own humanity? How can historical narratives constructed today ever truly contain the truths of those captives' lives? Erica Armstrong Dunbar's Never Caught: The Washingtons' Relentless Pursuit of Their Runaway Slave, Ona Judge and Marie Jenkins Schwartz's Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves have powerful, even moving, stories to tell about some of these men, women and children. These engrossing monographs concern the institution of slavery in the eras of the American Revolution and the early Republic and how elites as well as those whom they enslaved shaped the margins of the nation's founding ideals of liberty and democracy. The stories told in Ties That Bound and Never Caught indeed are not new ones, but Marie Jenkins Schwartz and Erica Dunbar have profoundly enhanced our knowledge of these people and events and, as a result, deepened our understanding of slavery, particularly the gendered relations within the domestic worlds of elite slaveholding households. There is much to appreciate in Marie Schwartz's Ties That Bound. Its most significant contributions are found both in its content and analysis. It is certain, [End Page 189] for example, that enslaved women routinely described slaveholding women as "devils" and "hellcats," particularly when they spoke of their own physical abuse by these women and the sale and abuse of their children. From this perspective, slaveholding women were no better than their husbands not only because of the ways that they treated their slaves directly, but also because they willfully hid, excused, enabled, and took part in the physical and psychological terrors visited upon black bondspeople and their families. This phenomenon is a nuanced lesson in Marie Jenkins Schwartz's Ties that Bound. Schwartz's well-researched monograph is a discourse on the relationships of four of the most elite women in the early United States—Martha Washington, Martha Wayles Jefferson and her daughter Patsy, and Dolly Madison—with their slaves. The stories of these women take us through their transition from girlhood to matron status in the nation's largest slave society at the time, Virginia. This point is important because Schwartz quickly establishes for at least Martha Washington and the Jefferson women that they were socialized from birth to accept the privileges of slaveholding as a financial anchor and social marker for their households and their descendants. As girls, they learned that black people were meant to serve them without question and had no right—inherent or otherwise—to freedom, personal wellbeing, or happiness. Their childhood socialization also included learning that the men in their families routinely demanded the sexual services of enslaved girls and women; how to discount biracial kin; that slave domesticity could be tolerated as long as it did not undermine the operative racial hierarchy; that masters and mistresses must compel their slaves to work hard and be obedient; and that slaves, regardless of their age, gender, or importance within their own social worlds, were the most useful form of portable property that whites could possess. A slaveholding woman's right to barter, sell, use as collateral, loan, give, or rent a bondsperson for the most petty of economic concerns, such as to buy an article of clothing—even more than their command of slave domestic labor as...

„Synu mój najmilszy…”. Życie i edukacja Stanisława Mikołaja z Lubomirskich Tretera w latach 1776–1789, opisane przez ojca w trzynastu listach

The author of the article presents the contents of an interesting treaty written in November 1785 in a mansion house in Mikołajów—situated in the Sandomierz area – by Stanisław Treter of the Lubomirskis (1744–1833), the chamberlain of the King Stanisław August Poniatowski. The purpose of the treaty was the presentation of life and education of his son Stanisław Mikołaj (1776–1861). The work devoted and dedicated to his, then nine-year-old, son, was written in a form of letters, very popular in the period of the Enlightenment. The letters are an interesting contribution to the history of upbringing, education, fatherhood, motherhood, childhood, travel and even medicine. They are a specific “voice of the epoch” reflecting the lifestyle, values, concerns and joys of the people of the Polish Enlightenment.

One Hundred Years of Dáil Éireann 1918–2018: Elections, Personalities and Issues

One Hundred Years of Dáil Éireann 1918–2018: Elections, Personalities and Issues Anthony White Dáil Éireann celebrates the centenary of its first meeting on 21 January 2019. It came into existence following the December 1918 general election to the British parliament. In that election the candidates of Sinn Féin won 73 seats. The party had campaigned on a policy of abstention from Westminster, and so 27 of the elected members assembled for the first meeting in Dublin’s Mansion House.1 The missing 46 were unable to attend as they had mostly been imprisoned or interned for nationalist activities. At its second meeting in January 1919, the Dáil established a government to administer the country. The Dáil was declared illegal by the British government some months later and driven underground and over the following two years many of its members were imprisoned more than once. It nevertheless survived to become the body with which the British government negotiated the AngloIrish Treaty of December 1921 and, in December 1922, became the legislative assembly of the Irish Free State.Asecond legislative chamber, the Seanad (or Senate) was established in December 1922. It sat until abolished by a vote of the Dáil in May 1936. It was revived and restructured under Bunreacht na hÉireann (the 1937 Constitution). It sat for the first time in April 1938 and has been in continuing existence since. Numbers, origins and ages of deputies and senators. 1,302 individuals have been elected as deputies (Teachtaí Dála or TDs) in the first hundred years of the Dáil. 796 senators have been elected or appointed since 1922. Of these, 318 have also been elected to the Dáil at some stage. In total, therefore, there have been 1,780 people who have acted as legislators in the first century of the modern Irish parliament. Of these, 189 (10.6%) have been women. From available figures, 308 of the legislators were born in Dublin, 206 in Cork, 93 in Limerick, 90 in Kerry, 89 In Galway, 84 in Mayo, 82 in Tipperary and 57 in Donegal. 64 were born in the six counties of Northern Ireland. One Hundred Years of Dáil Éireann 1918–2018: Elections, Personalities and Issues Studies • volume 107 • number 428 419 69 were born outside Ireland – 54 in Britain, 7 in the United States and 8 elsewhere. The youthful composition of the first and second Dáil is noteworthy. Of the 125 members of the second Dáil, elected in May 1921,2 72 (57.6%) were under the age of forty. 23 were in their twenties, the youngest being twentythree year old Thomas Derrig, TD for Mayo North/West. Five of the TDs were in their sixties, the oldest being George Count Plunkett and Laurence Ginnell at 67. The youthful pattern did not continue. In the fifty years between 1918 and 1968, 80 TDs under the age of thirty were elected, and 64 between 1969 and 2018. The youngest TD to be elected to Dáil Éireann was William Murphy (1928-2018) who had just passed his twenty-first birthday when elected Labour TD in the June 1949 Cork West by-election caused by the death of this father. Only four members have been elected to the Dáil in their seventies – Hugh Doherty, David J Madden, William Francis O’Donnell and Mark Henry, who was just short of his seventy-third birthday when elected Cumann na nGaedhael TD for Mayo North in June 1927. The age profile of the Senate has been in marked contrast to that of the Dáil. Between 1922 and 1968, only two members were in their twenties when first becoming senators. There were a further eight between 1969 and 2018.The youngest senator to date has been Kathryn Reilly, who was twentytwo years and seven months when elected for Sinn Féin to the Industrial and Commercial Panel in 2011. Five members were in their eighties on first becoming senators. The oldest was George Sigerson, author and professor of biology at UCD, who was 86 when appointed in December 1922. The other octogenarians were Matthew Stafford (85), Peter Sands (83), Peadar...

Freedom to Flourish: UK Regulatory Autonomy, Recognition, and a Productive Economy

Withdrawal from the EU must mean regulatory autonomy for the United Kingdom – sovereignty over its regulations. This reflects the democratic mandate of the 2016 referendum and the 2017 manifesto commitments of the Conservative and Labour Parties, and will propel growth and competition in the economy. It is also necessary for the UK to be able to sign advanced trade agreements with countries around the world. The United Kingdom has a unique opportunity to use withdrawal from the EU to grow its economy and become considerably more productive. It is vital that nothing is done to take these benefits off the table. But for pro-competitive regulation, regulatory autonomy is vital. In her Lancaster House speech in 2017, the Prime Minister outlined that Brexit would mean legal independence through an end to European Court of Justice jurisdiction in the UK, and that the UK must be free to execute an independent trade policy, striking agreements with countries outside the EU, outside the Customs Union’s Common External Tariff. In her speech at the Mansion House in March 2018, she stated that this meant our regulations would ‘achieve the same outcomes’ as EU law, but need not be identical. To deliver an independent trade policy and substantially more prosperous economy, the UK must have the ability to change its regulatory system from the EU’s acquis when it seeks to do so, and when beneficial for trade agreements. A 30% reduction in regulatory distortions between key trading partners by 2034 could mean GDP up to 7.25% higher than it would otherwise have been. The UK must be able to deliver the following five points: 1) Autonomy for the UK to make its own regulation; 2) Autonomy for the UK to set its own standards; 3) Autonomy for a UK system of conformity assessment; 4) Unilateral recognition by the UK of EU regulations, standards, and its conformity assessment system; 5) Seek recognition by the EU of the UK’s regulations, standards, and its conformity assessment system

Brexit and the City

‘Brexit and the City’ reviews both the principal issues affecting the City of London following the Referendum vote to leave the EU and the key proposals that have been made for the City’s future relationship with the EU. The latter are examined in the light of the European Commission’s negotiating strategy and also what is needed to achieve the best possible outcome for the City and the UK economy. The report concludes that Brexit is a golden opportunity for the City of London to escape the protectionist clutches of the EU in order to maintain its position as a World Financial Centre leading the new digital revolution of blockchain and fintech. But to make the best of Brexit, the City needs to address the following issues. First, it should recognise that its place is to service the real financial needs of businesses and individuals in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world and that this is best done outside the EU which, because of its protectionism, its excessive regulation and the folly of the euro, is destroying growth and innovation in the EU member states. Second, it should agree a ‘consistent and forward-looking Brexit strategy’ in order to secure a ‘bold, bright, buccaneering post-Brexit future’, as demanded by the Lord Mayor of London, Jeffrey Mountevans, at the City Banquet at Mansion House on 26 October 2016. Third, it should build on the protections afforded by international law to counter the EU’s demands that providers of financial services to EU citizens and companies need to be physically located in the EU to do business. It is just as absurd to expect the City of London to move to Paris or Frankfurt after Brexit as it is to expect the French wine industry or the German car industry to move to the UK. There is more investment banking expertise on the Isle of Dogs than in the whole of continental Europe put together. Finally, it should aim to quickly recover the competitive edge that it has lost in recent years. The WTO has estimated that the City’s share of China’s imports of financial services (mainly insurance) was 3% in 2015, unchanged since 2011. Over the same period, the US share increased from 11% to 28%.

Сакральные ландшафты как фактор формирования этнического экологического сознания (на примере горных марийцев Республики Марий Эл)

Specifics of sacral landscapes (SLs) are discussed with reference to the Mari people in the Republic of Mari El. The SL is a multicomponent system penetrating all elements of the traditional rural ethnic-cultural landscape, from habitation and mansion houses to sacral shrines. SLs are determined to most fully manifest themselves in sacral shrines and traditional land management. SLs are demonstrated to be a key component of the ethnical culture of the highland Mari people and have archaic, traditional, and modern aspects. The paper presents results and analysis of the questionnaire survey of Russian and Mari villages and hamlets in the Gornomariiskii District of the Mari El Republic with the application of nonparametrical mathematical statistics. Data on the attitude of neighboring peoples to nature reveals both similarities and significant differences of the ecological thinking of the Russian and Mari people. Nevertheless, these data convincingly demonstrate that the worldviews of the peoples are closely related to the natural environment and provide sound grounds for the conclusion that SLs are an important factor of the origin, evolution, and stability of ethnical thinking and traditional land management. The latter is, according to the authors, the basis of ethnical ecological thinking. The authors arrive at the conclusion that ecological ethics of the present and future should rely, first and foremost, on rational land management, which is based on historically established and verified traditional land management and on traditional ethnic nature-oriented mentality, whose stability and vitality are maintained by sacral cultural landscapes.

The Will of Herman Melville

The Will of Herman Melville John M. J. Gretchko The contents of Herman Melville's will and the appraiser's inventory of his effects have been long known. This note supplies a few more facts about the will's witnesses, the comparative value of his books, and Melville's death and offers new information on matters of probate. Melville had his will prepared on 11 June 1888. His executrix and sole heir was his wife Elizabeth. The will bequeathed his property, including money in the bank and real estate in Gansevoort, New York, to his wife. However, by the time of his death, the Gansevoort property, essentially consisting of the Mansion House, had already been sold and/or allocated to all heirs. Melville had confidence that Elizabeth would benefit their daughters, Frances and Elizabeth, and existent granddaughters, Eleanor Melville, Frances Cuthbert, and Katherine Gansevoort Thomas. The fourth granddaughter, Jeannette Ogden Thomas, would not be born until 1892. Witnesses to the will were P(hineas) Minturn Smith, S(eymour) N. Robinson, and H(enry) B(esson) Thomas. Smith was the President of the Union Iron Works, an iron manufacturer at 45 Broadway. Robinson was his secretary who in probate deposition declared that he was well acquainted with Melville and had known him for three years. Thomas, an iron broker probably employed by Smith and of Quaker heritage, who lived in South Orange, New Jersey, was the husband of Melville's daughter Frances. In deposition, he declared that he had known Melville for fourteen years. Melville's estate was worth $13,261.31, which consisted of $4,532.56 in cash, seven $1,000 United States Registered Bonds at 4%, and about 1,000 books overvalued at $600 and later realistically garnering about $110 (Charvat 252). Unfortunately his books were not itemized. His sister-in-law, Jane L. Melville, had died the year before on 30 March 1890. Her extensive and varied book collection of 158 titles and authors in approximately 460 volumes, much of which consisted of her husband Allan's library, was itemized and valued at $62.85. This sum for Jane's 460 volumes is in line with the $110 achieved by the contemporary sale of Melville's 1000 books. [End Page 95] Herman Melville died on 28 September 1891 at 104 East 26th St. in New York City around 12:30 am. The cause of death was listed as cardiac dilation and mitral regurgitation with a contributing cause of asthenia or loss of strength. Dr. Everett. S. Warner, who lived diagonally across the street at number 117, had attended him since July. Melville's wake was at his home. The undertaker, Joseph Freed, who lived at 104 East 20th St. and whose business address was at 359 4th Ave., interred him at Woodlawn Cemetery on 30 September. On 16 October 1891, Herman Melville's will was filed for probate. Charles N. Morgan of 69 Wall St. was Elizabeth's attorney. On 27 October 1891, the Surrogate Court Judge, the Honorable Rastus Seneca Ransom, admitted the will to probate. Ransom (1839–1917) would become President of the Society of American Authors. Its Bulletin would publish a memorial essay titled "Herman Melville" by its editor Mary Lanman Douw Ferris, which contained a reproduction of the 1885 Rockwood photo of Melville. Ferris was a Melville third cousin once removed (McNeilly 4). John M. J. Gretchko Cleveland, Ohio Works Cited Charvat, William. "Melville's Income." American Literature 15.3 (Nov. 1943): 251–61. Google Scholar Ferris, Mary L. D. "Herman Melville." Bulletin of the Society of American Authors 6.10 (Sept. 1901): 289–93. Google Scholar McNeilly, V. B. D. R. "The Melvilles and Mrs. Ferris." Melville Society Extracts 28 (Nov. 1976): 1–9. Google Scholar Copyright © 2018 Johns Hopkins University Press and the Melville Society

Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Building Documentation

During the last decades, documentation of buildings has proven to be a valuable tool for a variety of civil engineering issues, such as urban planning, preservation and restoration of cultural heritage buildings, as well as monitoring during the construction phase. Several techniques have been developed for this purpose including topographic, photogrammetric and ground-based remote sensing techniques or a combination of them. The increasing interest in the generation of 3D facade models for documentation of built environment has made laser scanning a valuable tool for 3D data collection. Regarding civil engineering, terrestrial laser scanning could be considered an efficient method for digitizing buildings facades, generating dense 3D point clouds available for further processing. This paper presents the study of a mansion house of cultural significance built in the middle of the 18th century, using terrestrial laser scanning techniques for facade documentation. Scanning process included multiple external scans of the main facade of the building which were registered using artificial targets and appropriate software to form a single colored 3D model. Further process resulted in a model that offers measurement possibilities valuable to future plans and designs for preservation and restoration. High resolution satellite data were also used to gain detailed information about the physiognomy of building's surrounding area.