Mangrove Tannins Research Articles

Dynamics of tannin variations in mangrove leaf litter decomposition and their effects on environmental nitrogen and microbial activity

Tannins play vital roles in regulating ecological processes in mangrove forests. However, how tannins affect nitrogen (N) cycling and microbial metabolism in mangrove ecosystems remains largely unexplored. In this study, we hypothesized the types and amounts of tannins released into seawater and sediments during leaf litter decomposition differed among mangrove plant species, thus their effects on N and microbial metabolism also varied. The alterations of tannins, and environmental N and microbial metabolism during leaf litter decomposition of Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina, and Sonneratia apetala were evaluated by a microcosm-simulated tidal system. Results showed that total polyphenols (TPs) in seawater treated with K. obovata litter were significantly higher than those in A. marina and S. apetala treatments, although the trends of TP changes elicited an initial increase followed by a decrease during decomposition. The dynamic changes in TPs reduced the seawater N concentrations in K. obovata treatment but not in A. marina and S. apetala treatments. The results of microbial metabolism analysis revealed that leaf litter significantly increased microbial metabolic activities and diversities. The types of carbon sources utilized by sediment microorganisms differed among treatments, with the microbes in S. apetala and A. marina litter used more varieties of amino acids, lipids and sugars than those in K. obovata treatment, probably due to the rich amount of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) in the first two species while the last species only contained ondensed tannins (CTs). CTs released from K. obovata leaf litter not only bound nitrogen-containing macromolecular compounds such as amino acids and proteins but also carbohydrates like polysaccharides, which decreased the supply of C and N to sediment microbiota. These results reveal that the release of mangrove tannins during leaf litter decomposition is one of the key factors driving N cycling, and microbial activities and diversities in mangrove wetlands.

A Comparative Study of Total Tannin Contents and Antimicrobial Activities in Methanol Extracts of Rhizophoraceae Species

Rhizophoraceae is a large true mangrove family that produces mangrove tannins. Tannins have the potential to be used as antimutagenic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. The aim of the research was to determine the total tannin content, antimicrobial activity, and the correlation between the two in methanol extracts of four plant parts (roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl) from five Rhizophoraceae species, namely Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora mucronata originating from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh, Indonesia. Folin Ciocalteu colorimetric method and tannic acid as a standard were used for the total tannin content (TTC) test. The disc diffusion method was used to conduct antimicrobial tests against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans bacteria at a 50% extract concentration. TTC content in Rhizophoraceae ranged from 8.17 ± 1.36 mg TAE/g to 813.35 ± 18.72 mg TAE/g (p < 0.05). The highest levels were found in C. decandra roots (813.35 ±18.72 mg TAE/g), C. decandra bark (704.36 ± 12.11 mg TAE/g), and R. apiculata bark (651.23 ± 2.36 mg TAE/g). The extract has moderate to strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, with an inhibition zone range of 6.64 ± 0.80 mm -15.02 ± 0.32 mm. The highest antibacterial activity was observed in the inhibition zones for S. aureus bacteria, with C. decandra fruit extract (15.02 ± 0.32 mm), R. apiculata bark (14.78 ± 0.90 mm), and C. decandra leaves (14.44 ± 1.18 mm) exhibiting the highest levels. TTC and antibacterial activity of S. aureus in Rhizophoraceae extracts showed a moderate correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.566, p < 0.05). According to the results, it was concluded that Rhizophoraceae has the potential to produce optimal tannins that can be used as antibacterial agents against S. aureus.

Microcosm study on fate and dynamics of mangrove tannins during leaf litter leaching

BackgroundMangrove tannins can participate in wetland biogeochemical cycling. However, their fate and dynamics during leaf litter leaching have yet to be elucidated in coastal aquatic environments.MethodsBy using a simulated microcosm experiment, changes in leaf litter mass and tannin compounds, including total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), and bound condensed tannins (BCT), were examined in the litters and leachates of four common mangrove species: Kandelia obovata (Ko), Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac), Sonneratia apetala (Sa), and Avicennia marina (Am).ResultsLeaching caused a notable decline in litter mass, TP, and ECT in the leaf litter of Ko, Ac, Sa, and Am, while BCT increased significantly in Ko and Ac. Loss in foliar TP was higher than in leaf litter mass, and loss in foliar ECT was higher than in TP of Ko and Ac, but Sa showed the opposite result. The temporal changes of TP and ECT concentrations in leachates followed a similar trend, with an initial increase followed by a decrease. ECT dynamics in Ko and Ac leachates correlated with their TP concentrations, while in Sa leachate, the peak ECT occurred 72 h later than its TP peak. The leachate ECT concentrations were highest in Ac, followed by Ko, and significantly lower in Sa. The peak TP and ECT proportions in leachates accounted for 9.2–23.9% and 7.7–9.4% of the total decreases in foliar TP and ECT, respectively.ConclusionDuring the leaching process, tannins’ fate was species-specific, while the dynamics were almost similar.

Survival Strategies of Mangrove (Ceriops tagal (perr.) C. B. Rob) and the Inspired Corrosion Inhibitor

Corrosion is ubiquitous, inevitable, and very common in our daily lives; it has been one of the most significant challenges and needs to be addressed for the development of modern society. Corrosion-resisting strategies found in nature have been promising for many halophytes surviving in marine tidal zones facing high salinity and humidity. Among the halophytes, mangroves have developed a lot of functions to deal with such extreme conditions that could provide novel inspirations for the fabrication of engineering materials, especially for materials resisting corrosion. In this study, we first investigated two survival strategies of mangroves, namely, functional salt-secreting and mangrove tannin composite. Salt-secreting realized by mangrove salt glands could make mangroves excrete excessive salt and avoid harmful effects. On the other hand, mangrove tannins existing in large quantities in mangrove bark could help the mangroves survive some marine bacteria. Inspired by the functional mangrove tannins, we developed a corrosion inhibitor to protect Q235 carbon steel in acid 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Furthermore, we found that the mangrove-inspired corrosion inhibitor could be adsorbed at the metal–solution interface, functioning as a cathodic inhibitor with 60.51% anti-corrosion efficiency.

Tannins in mangrove plants in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Hilmi E, Sari LK, Siregar AS, Sulistyo I, Mahdiana A, Junaedi T, Muslih, Pertiwi RPC, Samudra SR, Prayogo NA. 2021. Tannins in mangrove plants in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3508-3516. Mangrove tannin is polyphenol compound and extractive matter in mangrove vegetation. Mangrove tannins have the potentials to support paint industry, animal feed, tanners and wood adhesives industry. This research is aimed to investigate the mangrove species in Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia that produce tannins, and to analyze the distribution and contents of tannin in the part of mangrove plant. A total of 342 samples from 19 mangrove species was collected from 37 sampling points in Segara Anakan. UV-Visible Spectrophotometry was used to analyze the tannin content in the samples. The results showed that the tannins contained in bark and stems were higher (66.6%) than those in leaves (33.4%). Mangrove vegetation can be classified into five classes in terms of tannin percentage with Heritiera littoralis, Nypa fruticans, and Rhizophora mucronata had highest tannin percentage. The clustering analysis of mangrove tannin showed that Ceriops decandra-Ceriops tagal, Acacia auriculiformis-Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris-Xylocarpus granatum, and Avicennia marina-Rhizophora apiculata had high similarity of tannin percentage. The distribution of tannins in mangrove species is as follow: 0.59-10.14 kg trees-1 (bark and stem of mangrove diameter > 10 cm) and 0.20-3.74 kg trees-1 (leaves of mangrove diameter > 10 cm) until 8.84-158.96 kg trees-1 (bark and stem of mangrove diameter > 40 cm) and 4.60-91.65 kg trees-1 (leaves of mangrove diameter > 40 cm). R. mucronata and R. apiculata had the highest total tannin content, ranged between 386.60-460.38 kg trees-1.

The quality of rabbit hide tanned by mangrove (Rhizopora mucronata)

ABSTRACT. Mangrove stem (Rhizopora mucronata) contains a tannin compound which has potential as tanning material as well as tanner leather coloring. Meanwhile, the public uses more tannin from mimosa tannin and has not optimized the use of mangrove tannins. This study aimed to determine the quality of rabbit hide tanned from mangrove tannin and mimosa tannin. The material used was Rex rabbit hide of 1-year age cut. The research method used a completely random design (CRD) experiment. The treatment ratio of mangrove stem tannin and tannin mimosa concentration were 0:30%, 10:20%, 20:10% and 30%:0. The parameters measured by chemical properties consist of: degree of tanning, moisture, ash and tannin bound to the skin. Physical properties consisted of: tensile strength, elongation and sewing strength. The results showed that the use of mangrove tannin and mimosa tannin for tanning ratios had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the level of tanning, moisture, ash, and tannin that were bound to tanned skin, tensile strength, elongation and sewing strength. The results showed that the quality of tanned hide had a tanning degree of 62.31%, 13.32% moisture content, 1.57% ash content, and 25.14% tannin content. The physical quality of tensile strength was 356.35 N/cm, elongation was 29.80% and sewing strength is 84.41 Kg/cm. The results of the quality of this tanned hide had fulfilled SNI 06-6121-1999 of leather goods. The conclusion was that tannin extract from mangroves can be used as vegetable tanning agent, with the same quality as mimosa tanning agent.

Condensed Tannins from Mangrove and Grape Pomace as Renewable Corrosion Inhibitors and Wood Adhesive

The potential of tannins extracted from mangrove bark was tested as inhibitors of copper corrosion and and tannins from grape pomace and mangrove bark were used as wood adhesives. Anticorrosion properties were assessed through electrochemical properties, adsorption isotherms and surface observations. Adhesives were prepared and integrated into wood particleboards. The tannins extracted from mangrove barks acted predominantly as cathodic inhibitors and acted as efficient corrosion inhibitors. Particleboards produced from these tannins did not meet the European standard specifications for interior grade wood particleboard. Mangrove tannins can be use as corrosion inhibitors. Grape pomace and mangrove tannins are utilizable as adhesives for wood panels, although some formulation improvements are needed to satisfy the standards.

Effect of tannin from Rhizophora apiculate as corrosion inhibitor for epoxy paint on mild steel

There is a great concern to protect the steel surfaces from corrosion phenomenon in seawater environment. Several approaches have been proposed to introduce alternative new compounds in the paint which are green sources that can reduce environmental risks. The aim of this investigation was to enhance the protection properties of epoxy paint by providing an anticorrosive inhibitor for the paint. In this approach, the abilities of mangrove tannins, extracted from Rhizophora apiculata bark were studied. The inhibitive properties of mangrove tannins were evaluated by weight loss measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results shows the addition of mangrove tannin in the coating boosted the anticorrosive properties of the paint and represents valuable environmentally friendly of inhibitor.

FEEDING EFFECT OF SOYBEAN MEAL TANNINS PROTECTED AGAINST NITROGEN BALANCE OF THIN TAILED SHEEP

The study was aimed to determine the effect of granting Soybean meal protection against nitrogen balance of thin tailed sheep (male). The experimental animals were 16 thin tailed sheeps (males) aged 8 months old with average body weight of 11.81 ± 1.65 kg. The research was assigned in completely randomized design (CRD) 4 treatments and 4 replicates T0 (complete feed + soybean meal without tannins), T1 (complete feed + protected soybean meal 0.5% tannins), T2 (complete feed + protected soybean meal 1% tannin), and T3 (complete feed + protected soybean meal 1.5% tannins). The parameters observed dry matter intake (DMI), DMI /% BB, DMI / BB0.75, nitrogen intake (NI), N-Faecal, N-Urine, N-Digested and N-Retention. Data were variance analyzed by F test (P<0.05), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that DMI, DMI /% BB, DMI / BB0.75, nitrogen intake (NI), N-Faecal and N-Digested no effect (P>0,05) of treatment. N-Retention Lowest in T2 (9,87 g/day) while T0 (11,76 g/day), T1 (11,71 g/day), T3(11,86 g/day) no significant (P>0,05), inversely with N-Urine decreased in T2 (3,09 g/day) dan T0 (2,04g/day), T1 (2,23 g/day) dan T3 (1,95 g/day) no significant (P>0,05) as a result of treatment. Based on the results of this study concluded that the use of various mangrove leaf tannin levels up to 1.5% to protect soybean meal no effect on consumption, N-Faecal, and N-digested but protection cake with tannin 1% decrease N-retention and increase the excretion of N-Urine.

Short- and long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on microbial exoenzyme activity in mangrove peat

Mangroves receive increasing quantities of nutrients as a result of coastal development, which could lead to significant changes in carbon sequestration and soil subsidence. We hypothesised that mangrove-produced tannins induce a nitrogen (N) limitation on microbial decomposition even when plant growth is limited by phosphorus (P). As a result, increased N influx would lead to a net loss of sequestered carbon negating the ability to compensate for sea level rise in P-limited mangroves. To examine this, we quantified the short- and long-term effects of N and P enrichment on microbial biomass and decomposition-related enzyme activities in a Rhizophora mangle-dominated mangrove, which had been subjected to fertilisation treatments for a period of fifteen years. We compared microbial biomass, elemental stoichiometry and potential enzyme activity in dwarf and fringe-type R. mangle-dominated sites, where primary production is limited by P or N depending on the proximity to open water. Even in P-limited mangroves, microbial activity was N-limited as indicated by stoichiometry and an increase in enzymic activity upon N amendment. Nevertheless, microbial biomass increased upon field additions of P, indicating that the carbon supply played even a larger role. Furthermore, we found that P amendment suppressed phenol oxidase activity, while N amendment did not. The possible differential nutrient limitations of microbial decomposers versus primary producers implies that the direction of the effect of eutrophication on carbon sequestration is nutrient-specific. In addition, this study shows that phenol oxidase activities in this system decrease through P, possibly strengthening the enzymic latch effect of mangrove tannins. Furthermore, it is argued that the often used division between N-harvesting, P-harvesting, and carbon-harvesting exoenzymes needs to be reconsidered.

Mangrove Tannin (<i>Rhizophora apiculata</i>) Complexes with Copper (II) Ion as an Antifoulant in Antifouling Paint for Fish Net

Mangrove tannin was used to be complex with copper (II) ion. The optimum condition of copper tannate complex was studied using four parameters which were copper dosage, pH solution, temperature and time. The copper tannate complex was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and brine shrimp toxicity assay. This study suggested that copper tannate complex has a great potential to be develop as an alternative antifoulant.

Synergy between iodide ions and mangrove tannins as inhibitors of mild steel corrosion

Corrosion of materials is a problem faced by many industries. One of the solutions to this problem is to apply corrosion inhibitors. In this study, the synergy between iodide ions and mangrove tannin extracted from mangrove bark (waste products of the charcoal industry) was tested on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl and 0.25 M H2SO4. It was compared with the inhibition provided by mimosa and chestnut tannins. Potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance were recorded under various temperatures from 30 to 60°C in order to obtain the activation energy (Ea), the activated enthalpy (ΔH) and the activated entropy (ΔS). The results showed that there was an increase in inhibition efficiency when iodide ions were added to corrosive media in the presence of mangrove tannin. The effect decreased when temperature increased. Mangrove tannins showed comparable inhibitive properties to those of commercial mimosa and chestnut tannins. Inhibition efficiency of tannins as inhibitors of corrosion for mild steel in acidic media was improved by the addition of iodide ions. Tannins extracted from mangrove bark were more efficient than those from mimosa and chestnuts.

PENGAMBILAN TANIN DARI KULIT KAYU BAKAU DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM BERAT CUPRUM (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb)

<p>Abstract: Mangrove bark contains tannins which can be modified into mangrove tannins based<br />adsorbent (MTBA) for heavy metals removal. This research aims to study the performance of<br />MTBA in removing lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). Mangrove barks was extracted using ethanol<br />70%w during a certain extraction time (1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 hours) and temperature (50, 55, 60, 65,<br />70 ºC). After removing the residue, the filtrate was then dried. The obtained dried tannins was<br />dissolved in NaOH solution and formaldehyde 37% to form adsorbent structure. In adsorption<br />experiment, the tannin powder was mixed lead and copper solutions. The metal concentrations<br />were analyzed by Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Based on experiment data, it<br />was found that in extraction process, with the increasing of temperature and extraction time, the<br />yield of tannins were higher. The obtained MTBA could adsorb 79.94% of lead metal and<br />43.75% of copper metal. The Langmuir’s equation was more suitable to describe the equilibrium<br />absorption process which the constant equilibrium for lead (k<br />Pb<br />) was 0.0289 with relative error<br />percentage of 5.17%. Constant equilibrium of copper (k<br />Cu<br />) was 0.0011 with relative error<br />percentage of 7.57%.<br />Keywords: mangrove bark, adsorption, tannins, heavy metal</p>

Green Inhibitors for Copper Corrosion by Mangrove Tannin

Green Inhibitors for Copper Corrosion by Mangrove Tannin

Synergistic Effect of Halide Ions on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid using Mangrove Tannin

Synergistic Effect of Halide Ions on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid using Mangrove Tannin

Possible improvement of catechin as corrosion inhibitor in acidic medium

This article describes studies on the modification of mangrove tannin (MT) and catechin (CT) to enhance their corrosion inhibition properties. The inhibitive effect of the starting materials and the chemically modified products on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We demonstrated that the chemical modification has successfully enhanced the inhibition efficiency of CT; however reduced that of MT. The disparity in the corrosion inhibitory performances of the modified products was attributed to the inertness of CT towards a complete methylation as compared to MT.

PENGARUH KADAR ABU GOSOK SELAMA PEREBUSAN DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN AIR TERHADAP KADAR TANIN BUAH DAN TEPUNG MANGROVE (Avicennia marina)

Mangrove fruit has the potential to be developed as a potential food source, but the presence of toxins in the fruit are considered harmful if consumed in the long run. Therefore, research needs to be done to eliminate or reduce the levels of toxins in the mangrove fruit, The poison in one of which is the fruit of mangrove tannins. One alternative to reduce the levels of toxins in the fruit of the mangrove scrub with ash and water immersion. This research used Completely Randomized Design, factorial pattern consisting of two factors with three replications, factor I was rubbing ash powder content (5%, 10%, and 15%), and factor II is long soaking water for 6 hours (with 4, 8, 12 times the turnover of water). The results showed that treatment with boiling some rubbing ash content (5%, 10%, and 15%) and long soaking water to give a significant influence (P <0.05) toward decreased levels of mangrove Avicennia marina fruit tannins. Treatment of boiling ash content of 15% gave the lowest reduction is 28.92% and the long soaking water for 6 hours with a change of water 12 times giving the low tannin levels decrease is 28.80%, as well as mangrove fruit flouring will A.marina lower levels of tannin by 28.44%.

Mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) tannins: an eco-friendly rust converter

Rust converters are chemical formulations that can be applied to corroded surfaces to convert residual rust on iron/steel surfaces into harmless and adherent chemical compounds. The known hazardous effects of most synthetic rust converters have led to a search for safer, more environmentally friendly natural products. Tannins, a class of natural, non-toxic and biodegradable polyphenolic compounds, extracted from plant sources have been proposed as an alternative. The transformation of rust in the presence of 5 g L−1 tannins extracted from mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) barks was studied. Three different methods of pre-rusted sample preparations were tested. The rust composition of the steel was dependent of sample preparation. The pre-rusted samples prepared formed predominantly lepidocrocite and magnetite. Transformation of rust components to ferric-tannates, particularly lepidocrocite, in the presence of mangrove tannins that could be observed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated their potential as rust converters.

Acid corrosion inhibition of copper by mangrove tannin

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the corrosion inhibition potential of mangrove (Rhizopora apiculata) tannin in hydrochloric acid medium on copper with the view of developing a natural corrosion inhibitor.Design/methodology/approachThe mangrove tannin was extracted from the mangrove bark and its anticorrosion potential was studied by weight loss, electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.FindingsIt has been found that the mangrove tannin effectively inhibits the corrosion on copper metal in hydrochloric acid solution. The results of the electrochemical and weight loss methods showed that the inhibition efficiency of mangrove tannin increases with increasing its concentration. Inhibition is achieved through the adsorption of tannin molecules onto the copper surface and the adsorption follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. SEM study also supports the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules onto the copper surface.Originality/valueIn this paper, mangrove tannin has been studied for the first time as a potential copper corrosion inhibitor in hydrochloric acid medium. The anticorrosion effect of tannin has been proven by standard methods. This natural inhibitor could find use in industries where copper is used as a fabrication metal.

PENGAMBILAN TANIN DARI KULIT KAYU BAKAU DAN PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM BERAT CUPRUM (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Abstract: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mangrove bark contains tannins which can be modified into mangrove tannins based adsorbent (MTBA) for heavy metals. This research aimed to study the performance of mangrove tannins for removing Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb). This experiment had three steps : extraction of mangrove barks, modification tannins into MTBA, and adsorption of Cu and Pb solutions with MTBA. Alcohol 70% was used for extraction of mangrove barks. The research was coducted at stirred glass flask equipped with heater. The research run at extraction time variation (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hours) and extraction temperatur variation &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;(50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 ºC). Mangrove tannins were dissolved into NaOH solution and formaldehyde 37% then heated forming powder MTBA. The adsorption equlibrium of Cu and Pb solution by MTBA was studied. The result showed that increasing extraction time and extraction temperature will increase the yields.The optimum condition for tannin extraction was extraction temperature 70 &lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and extraction time 3 hours with tannin yield 21.105%. The result also showed that MTBA can adsorp 79.94% of Pb and 43.75 of Cu from solutions.The Langmuir’s method was more suitable for predicting the Cu and Pb adsorption with Langmuir’s equilibrium constant k&lt;sub&gt;Cu&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.0011 and k&lt;sub&gt;Pb&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.0289.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; mangrove bark, tannin, extraction, adsorption, heavy metal.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;