Mango Cv Research Articles

Cobalt associated with potassium phosphite improves the post-harvest quality of mango cv. Palmer

Mango is a highly perishable climacteric fruit with a short post-harvest period. Therefore, to extend shelf life, the mangoes were treated pre-harvest with a potassium phosphite solution (1.4 g/mL KH2PO4) and a control solution (0 g/mL KH₂PO) associated with different doses of cobalt (0; 48; 64; 80; 112 ml.plant-1) at a density of 1.30 g/mL. The work measured physical, chemical, and biochemical variables. Cobalt and potassium phosphite favored maintaining color and firmness and reduced the respiratory rate. The treatments significantly affected the chemical variables, reduced the soluble solids content, conserved ascorbic acid, and preserved the pH. Foliar application of cobalt and potassium phosphite at pre-harvest is an efficient technique for improving shelf life and maintaining mango quality during storage at room temperature.

Sodium nitroprusside applications modulate cell wall degrading enzymes and preserves the postharvest quality of cold-stored mangoes

ABSTRACT Mango fruit undergoes various physiochemical changes after its harvest that affect consumer acceptability. The present research work was carried out to evaluate the preservation effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatments on the postharvest quality of mango cv. Langra fruits at 12 ± 1°C for 35 days. The results revealed that SNP 1.0 mM treated fruits exhibited reduced weight loss (6.94%), decay incidence (8.05%), and activities of cell wall degrading enzymes like polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase in comparison to uncoated fruits on the last day of storage. Furthermore, the treatment maintained higher fruit firmness (56.77 N) along with fruit quality parameters like soluble solid content (16.24%), titratable acidity (0.20%), starch (4.99%), and, total flavonoid content (12.92 mg/100 g). Overall, SNP 1.0 mM combined with low-temperature storage was proved to be the most effective in extending the shelf life and preserving the quality characteristics of mango fruits.

Chitosomes incorporated with sweet basil oil (Ocimum basilicum L.): Protecting anthracnose and preserving the postharvest quality of 'Nam Dok Mai' mangoes

Mango cv. 'Nam Dok Mai' is highly susceptible to anthracnose and undergoes rapid degeneration once it reaches ripeness. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of sweet basil oil, liposome-incorporated with sweet basil oil and chitosan-coated liposomes (Chitosomes) incorporated with sweet basil oil treatments in suppressing Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth, both in vitro and in vivo. The particle size, zeta potential, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of sweet basil oil and liposomes- and chitosomes-containing sweet basil oil were comparable. Furthermore, the study examined the effectiveness of chitosomes incorporated with sweet basil oil in preserving the postharvest quality of mangoes during storage at 25±2ºC. The result demonstrated that sweet basil oil could slow down the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides mycelium. Chitosomes containing 4 and 6 µL mL−1 of sweet basil oil effectively slowed down the mycelium growth and disease incidence in inoculated mangoes compared to liposomes containing sweet basil oil. Chitosomes containing 4 µL mL−1 of sweet basil oil was chosen to investigate its effectiveness in preserving the postharvest quality of the mangoes compared to treatments using solely sweet basil oil and liposomes-containing sweet basil oil. Compared to other treatments, the treatment effectively inhibited disease incidence, delayed weight loss, and enhanced antioxidant activity in the mangoes. Both liposomes- and chitosomes- containing sweet basil oil maintained firmness, induced antioxidant enzyme activities, and delayed the ripening of the mangoes. To summarise, the chitosomes treatment is an effective approach to preserving the postharvest quality of the mangoes during storage.

Effect of time of harvesting and post-harvest treatments on physical characteristics of sap burn damage of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari in Telangana state

Effect of time of harvesting and post-harvest treatments on physical characteristics of sap burn damage of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari in Telangana state

Effect of pre-harvest fruit bagging on sensory and economics of mango cv. Banganapalli

Effect of pre-harvest fruit bagging on sensory and economics of mango cv. Banganapalli

Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease on mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Azúcar in Colombia

The role of some Colletotrichum species is uncertain in crops of economic importance for Colombia such as mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Azúcar. Eight Colletotrichum isolates from asymptomatic plant tissues were characterized by their pathogenicity on fruits and identified by phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the ITS, GADPH, Tub2, CHs-1 and Act genomic regions. Colletotrichum asianum, C. gloeosporioides and C. tropicale of the C. gloeosporioides species complex and C. karstii of the C. boninense species complex were identified. The highest virulence was observed for isolates of C. asianum, that was the most prevalent species, and for C. tropicale, that showed high and intermediate virulence levels, indicating diversity in pathogenicity within the same species. The isolate of C. karstii, which displayed intermediate virulence, is the first report on mango in Colombia. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides presented intermediate virulence and was isolated at a low frequency in the present research. The mycelial growth rate did not show differences between species and ranged between 6.1 and 8.3 mm per day. Colletotrichum asianum recorded higher values of conidia germination and appressoria formation than other species, at 77% and 79%, respectively (p < 0.001). The shape and size of conidia did not vary between species. Appressoria exhibited different shapes between isolates and the largest average diameter was for C. karstii with 7.6 µm (p < 0.001). There was a diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with mango cv. Azúcar in Colombia, with differential virulence among isolates of the same species.

Effect of organic and inorganic products on postharvest fruit health and quality of mango cv. Ataulfo.

Effect of organic and inorganic products on postharvest fruit health and quality of mango cv. Ataulfo.

Effect of pruning and potassium nitrate on flowering in mango cv. Kesar

Effect of pruning and potassium nitrate on flowering in mango cv. Kesar

Glucanases and Chitinases in Mangifera indica: Identification, Classification, Phylogeny, and Expression Analysis of Defense Genes against Colletotrichum spp.

Plant glucanases and chitinases are defense proteins that participate in pathogenesis; however, very little is known about the glucanase (GLUC) and chitinase (CHIT) gene families in mango. Some mango cultivars are of great economic importance and can be affected by anthracnose, a postharvest disease caused by fungi of the genus Colletotrichum spp. This study identified and characterized 23 putative glucanases and 16 chitinases in the mango genome cv. Tommy Atkins. We used phylogenetic analyses to classify the glucanases into three subclasses (A, B, and C) and the chitinases into four classes (I, II, IV, and V). Information on the salicylic, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways was obtained by analyzing the cis-elements of the GLUC and CHIT class I and IV gene promoters. The expression profile of GLUC, CHIT class I, and CHIT class IV genes in mango cv. Ataulfo inoculated with two Colletotrichum spp. revealed different profile expression related to these fungi's level of virulence. In general, this study provides the basis for the functional validation of these target genes with which the regulatory mechanisms used by glucanases and chitinases as defense proteins in mango can be elucidated.

Paclobutrazol persistence dynamics in mango (Mangifera indica) orchard soil using HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis

Paclobutrazol, a plant growth regulator, is used commercially in soil application to counter the alternate bearing habit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) all over the country. The experiments were conducted during 2020–21 and 2021–22 at ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh to study the persistence of paclobutrazol in soil and its subsequent uptake in mango fruits using HPLC and validated by LC-MS/MS after its application to tree basin soil of mango cv. Dasheri @2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g a.i./tree. The residues of paclobutrazol dissipated in soil from its initial values of 10.33, 17.25, 25.71, 50.80, and 62.36 µg/g soil at 0 days to 0.14, 0.30, 0.47, 1.32 and 2.38 µg/g soil after 300 days of application. The dissipation rate in soil followed first-order kinetics with half-life values ranging between 57.75 and 77.00 days. Residues of paclobutrazol were not detected in fully mature fruits harvested after 85 days of fruit set. LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed that the sample peaks corresponded to paclobutrazol residues in mango fruit and soil. Thus, HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis clearly showed that the paclobutrazol persisted in the soil for longer, but the mature fruits harvested from treated trees were free from its residue even at higher doses and safe for consumption. The response of paclobutrazol to the quality of fruits in terms of phenolic content was also assessed. The paclobutrazol was more responsive in altering phenolic acid composition than the control.

Influence of Bio-stimulants on the Yield Attributes, Peel and Pulp Color of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Mallika under Central Dry Zone of Karnataka

The mango (Mangifera indica L.) is considered the ‘King of fruits’ and found to be economically important due to its excellent fruit quality, despite having good fruit quality characteristics, it is associated with production constraints such as low initial fruit set, heavy fruit drops, undersized fruit and improper fruit color development. On the other hand, bio-stimulants play an important role in improving the productivity and quality of fruits. In the present study, four biostimulants viz., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids and triacontanol, were sprayed at intervals of 70 and 90 days after anthesis at two different concentrations with four replications. Among the treatments, triacontanol @ 10 ppm (T9) showed a significant difference in yield parameters and recorded maximum average fruit weight (571.98 g), fruit length (17.53 cm), fruit diameter (92.38 cm), fruit volume (723.75 cc), pulp weight (435.91 g), pulp percentage (76.24), number of fruits (75.25), yield per tree (41.31 kg) in comparison to control. However, salicylic acid @ 150 ppm (T5) showed the highest colorimeter coordinates L*, a*, b*, C* and hº for both pulp and peel color. The study concludes the use of phytohormones enhances the fruit development and quality parameters of mango cv Mallika under the central dry zone of Karnataka.

Impact of Fruit Maturity on Internal Disorders in Vapor Heat Treated Mango Cv. ‘B74’

UN Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) aims to reduce food losses in production and postharvest stages within supply chains. Identifying and addressing contributors to such losses is crucial to their reduction and to overall supply chain sustainability. Internal disorders (IDs) often contribute to postharvest losses and waste of highly perishable fruits like mangoes. Understanding and addressing influencers of susceptibility is limited but essential. Factors potentially associated with the expression of IDs in ‘B74’ mango commercial supply chains were investigated. Over three fruiting seasons (2020/21, 2021/22, and 2022/23), 43 export supply chains in Australia were monitored from two major production regions, the Northern Territory and North Queensland. Prior to export, the mangoes were subject to a mandatory phytosanitary vapor heat treatment (VHT) in which they were heated with saturated water vapor to a core temperature 46 °C maintained for 15 min and were then assessed for IDs at the end of their shelf life. The predominant IDs observed in the ‘B74’ fruit were flesh cavity with white patches (FCWP) and flesh browning (FB). VHT-induced FCWP, but not FB. Harvest maturity was identified as a predisposing factor. FB was generally positively correlated and FCWP was typically negatively correlated with fruit maturity at harvest. Relatively more-mature fruit was prone to FB irrespective of VHT, and relatively less-mature fruit was susceptible to FCWP post-VHT. Therefore, selective harvesting and/or sorting for optimum maturity after harvest can be practiced minimizing the incidence and severity of these two IDs in ‘B74’ fruit. Thus, dry matter (DM) sorting can contribute to postharvest loss reduction and the general sustainability of mango supply chains.

Combined application of hot water and hexanal-based formulations preserves the postharvest quality of mango fruits.

Mango fruits undergo numerous postharvest quality losses during storage. Hence, the present study aimed to increase the shelf life of mango fruits by applying hexanal-based enhanced freshness formulations (EFF) in combination with hot water treatment (HWT). The findings revealed that, among all the tested applications, the combination of EFF 1.0% + HWT reduced the weight loss, decay incidence, and activity of cell wall degrading enzymes of mango fruits. Also, the combined treatment was effective in maintaining the fruit quality parameters such as soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and activity of antioxidant compounds. The present study concludes that the postharvest application of EEF 1.0% in combination with HWT can be used in extending the shelf life of mango cv. 'Langra,' fruits stored at 12° C and 85-90% relative humidity for 35 days. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Influence of preharvest fungicides on decay incidence and fruit quality of mango fruits during storage

AbstractMango fruits' quality, marketability, and shelf life are significantly influenced by postharvest decay. Mango fruit disease development during storage is inhibited by fungicides. The objective of this investigation was to assess the relative effectiveness of two fungicides, azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC and hexaconazole 5% SC, in mitigating postharvest deterioration of mango cv. ‘Langra’ during low temperature storage. Three pathogens were found associated with postharvest decay of mango, i.e. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, and Penicillium expansum. In comparison to untreated ones, the preharvest application of fungicide treatments provided noticeably better disease control. The foliar application of azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC (0.1%) 15 days before the harvesting of fruits significantly improved fruit firmness, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, reduced the disease incidence, percentage disease index, and lesion diameter followed by the application of hexaconazole 5% SC (0.1%) compared to the control. Furthermore, it was found that pre-harvest fungicide spraying of azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4% SC (0.1%) was an effective treatment for lowering postharvest deterioration and enhancing the physio-chemical characteristics of mango fruits during low-temperature storage.

Assessment of Foliar Application of Biostimulants and Silicon on Yield and Yield Attributing Characters of Mango (Mangifera indica l.) CV. Kesar

The present investigation was carried out at Fruit Research Station, Sakkarbaug, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with Factorial concept consisting two factors with three replications. The treatment comprised with biostimulants viz., without biostimulant, humic acid (1.5 %), panchagavya (3 %), seaweed extract (0.2 %), novel organic liquid fertilizer (2 %) and silicon i.e., without silicon, potassium silicate (0.2 %) and orthosilicic acid (0.2 %). The results of the study indicated that among the different biostimulants application of humic acid 1.5 % and among the different silicon application of potassium silicate 0.2 % was recorded with minimum number of nubbins per 100 fruits at pea (20.42 and 22.52) and marble stage (10.67 and 12.80) and maximum fruits retention at harvesting (2.03 and 1.85 %), number of fruits per tree (213.71 and 195.52), fruit yield (50.78 and 45.14 kg/tree), fruit length (10.60 and 10.39 cm), fruit breadth (6.67 and 6.55 cm), fruit weight (234.58 and 226.24 g), pulp weight (175.87 and 168.79 g) and pulp: stone ratio (5.16 and 5.07) during pooled analysis, respectively. In the present investigation some of the interaction effects were also found significant. The combined application of humic acid 1.5 % with potassium silicate 0.2 % recorded maximum number of fruits per tree (235.57), fruit yield (60.42 kg/tree), fruit length (11.06 cm), fruit breadth (96.86 cm), fruit weight (254.71 g) and pulp weight (192.61 g) during pooled analysis. It can be concluded that for improved yield and yield attributing characters with foliar application of humic acid 1.5 % along with potassium silicate 0.2 % at initiation of flowering, pea and marble stage.

Studies on effect of ethylene and temperature on quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Neelum

Studies on effect of ethylene and temperature on quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Neelum

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on yield attributes, yield and chemical characters of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Amrapali

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on yield attributes, yield and chemical characters of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Amrapali

Antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability of whey protein-based smoothie beverages made from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Haden and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv Festival

Objective: To assess the effect of different whey proteins levels on the physicochemical, antioxidant activity, and sensory acceptability of smoothie beverages made from mango and strawberry. Design/methodology/approach: Twenty-four formulations were evaluated (type of fruit and concentration level of whey protein). Results: Adding of whey protein to smoothies composed of mango and strawberry increased the protein content and antioxidant activity by 2-2.5-fold compared to control smoothies’ samples without whey protein. Sensory analysis showed that in terms of overall acceptance, all produced smoothies were considered very acceptable by the panelists. Limitations on study/implications: Smoothies enriched with whey proteins can be a good new food product that incorporated nutritional and functional compounds into the human diet. Findings/conclusions: Smoothies produced from mango and strawberry fruits enriched with whey proteins can be considered valuable products as source of bioactive compounds and from sensory points of view.

Plant bioregulators induced manipulation in the yield attributes of mango cv. Langra

The present study was carried out in two successive years to evaluate the comparative efficacy of CPPU and NAA combination in improving the yield attributes of Langra mango. Higher fruit drop and low fruit retention are the most critical constraints for mango production under north Indian conditions. Fruit drop starts occurring just after fruit set and continues till harvest, leading to substantial economic loss to the growers. The foliar application of CPPU 10 ppm + NAA 20 ppm and CPPU 20 ppm + NAA 30 ppm immediately after the fruit set resulted in a significant reduction in fruit drop in comparison to the control (water spray). Various physical attributes like endocarp size (5.16 cm), pedicel length (1.20 cm), pedicel thickness (4.02 mm), fruit weight (248.12 g), fruit size (7.46 cm width and 9.83 cm length), fruit volume (243.52 cc), and specific gravity (1.02) got improved with CPPU 10 ppm + NAA 20 ppm followed by CPPU 20 ppm + NAA 30 ppm than the control. In conclusion, the spray of CPPU 10 ppm + NAA 20 ppm proved to be an effective treatment for managing fruit drop and improving yield attributes in Langra mango.

Maximizing Fruit Quality and Production of Mango cv Dashehari: The Impact of Micronutrient Treatments

Background: The research aims to enhance fruit quality and production of the Dashehari mango variety through micronutrient treatments in Rajasthan, India. Micronutrients play a crucial role in plant growth and development and their deficiency can lead to suboptimal yields and reduced fruit quality. This study seeks to investigate the effects of micronutrient application on mango trees, particularly focusing on the Dashehari variety, to improve both the quantity and quality of mango production. By understanding the impact of micronutrient treatments, the research aims to provide valuable insights into sustainable agricultural practices that can optimize mango cultivation and contribute to increased agricultural productivity. Methods: The research administered borax, ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate to soil and trees in 10 treatments. The soil of an 18-year-old mango variety named Dashehari was treated in the first week of October with foliar sprays throughout the flower bud initiation, full bloom and pea stage initiation stages. A three-replication randomized block design was employed for the investigation. Result: The results show that the treatment known as “T9”-Application of borax to the soil in the amount of 125 grams, followed by the application of borax to the foliar in the amount of 0.2 per cent-produced the highest quality and quantity of mango fruit. Additionally, treatments of soil application of ZnSO4 per tree 125 g, followed by foliar application of ZnSO4 0.4% and soil application of FeSO4 per tree 125 g, followed by foliar application of FeSO4 0.4%, also showed promising results.