Mangifera Pajang Research Articles

Plant blindness profile of high school students in Hulu Gurung sub-district, Kapuas Hulu district

People often forget about plants as living organisms that are essential for life which characterizes plant blindness. Plant blindness can occur in students. The objectives of this study are identifying plant blindness in high school student in Hulu Gurung. This research was conducted in January 2023 in the even semester of 2022/2023. The population in this study were all students of SMPN 1 Hulu Gurung (Junior High School) and SMAN 1 Hulu Gurung (Senior High School). Sample selection using Simple Random Sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires and direct interviews. Methods for data analysis using qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that students still lack knowledge about local vegetables. The percentage of students recognizing vegetables was 15% in senior high school students and 4% in junior high school students. There were 6 vegetable species that were not recognized at all, namely Solanum lasiocarpum, Ficus sp., Mangifera pajang, Polypodium sp., Ficus sp., and Smilax leucophylla. In the future local vegetables can be better recognized amidst the presence of imported vegetables. The diversity of local vegetable crops must be maintained through conservation strategies, one of which is to avoid plant blindness as early as possible.

Effect of fermentation on the antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds of Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) fruit.

The study aimed to determine the antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of Bambangan (Mangifera pajang), a type of wild fruit belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae during fermentation at room (28°C) and elevated temperature (35°C). The antioxidant capacity was estimated based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picyrlhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferric-ion-reducing power (FRAP), 2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay and oxygen-radical absorbing capacity (ORAC). A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the phenolic compounds. Samples of bambangan fermented at 35°C achieved the highest FRAP (141.42mM Fe(II)/g extract) and ABTS values (5.00mmol TE/g) within the first six days as compared to the samples fermented at room temperature (28°C), which required 10days to achieve the highest FRAP and ABTS values. No significant difference was found (p > 0.05) on the antioxidant activity of the samples that were kept at prolonged fermentation and storage. The total phenolic content (TPC) increased throughout the fermentation with the highest value of 44.69 0.01mg GAE/g. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillin, -coumaric acid and rutin are the major phenolic compounds identified in the fermented product. The results suggested that the antioxidant capacity of bambangan is affected by the fermentation temperature and the fermented product could be a source of antioxidants.

Methyl gallate isolated from Mangifera pajang kernel induces proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via oxidative stress

Objective: To determine the lead bioactive compound in kernel extract of Mangifera pajang and its anti-cancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines with positive estrogen receptor (MCF-7). Methods: The methanolic extract of dried powder kernel of Mangifera pajang was exposed to column chromatography for isolation. The structural elucidation of the isolated compound was characterized using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry. Furthermore, cytotoxicity, morphological changes, flow cytometry and cell cycle arrest analyses were performed to examine the mechanism of anti-proliferation and apoptosis induced by methyl gallate against MCF-7. Results: One compound was isolated from the methanolic extract of Mangifera pajang kernel and identified as methyl gallate. The flow cytometric results demonstrated induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells by three concentrations of methyl gallate. The cell cycle arrest showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in cell progression at G2/M phase of MCF-7 after treatment with 100 μM of methyl gallate. The cell percentage of early and late apoptosis was significant at 10 and 100 μM of methyl gallate. Also, methyl gallate treatment induced up-regulation of reactive oxygen species levels in MCF-7 cells with a reduction in superoxide dismutase levels. Conclusions: These findings indicate that isolated methyl gallate from Mangifera pajang kernel extracts induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via up-regulating oxidative stress pathway.

Generalized multi-scale kinetic model for data-driven modelling: Mangifera pajang antioxidant degradation in choline chloride/ascorbic acid natural deep eutectic solvent

This paper formalizes a new multi-scale kinetic model for a process influenced by several limiting factors which are multi-scale in nature. The multi-scale kinetic model incorporates all of the dominant factors which can be expressed in the form of first-order kinetics where some of the factors could have delayed effects on the process. The applicability of this new model is demonstrated using a case study of Mangifera pajang antioxidant degradation modelling. The results show that the multi-scale kinetic model can provide improved modelling accuracy, with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.32%. Interestingly, the analysis of the multi-scale model suggests the presence of two groups of antioxidant compounds based on the degradation dynamics in the M. pajang extract. The dominant group of antioxidant compounds contributes about 87% to the total antioxidant concentration, and the degradation of this group is much slower than the non-dominant antioxidant compounds at pH 3. At a high temperature above 60 °C and pH above 7, the fast-degrading group of antioxidants becomes dominant in the extract. Significantly, the proposed multi-scale kinetic model is generic and flexible which can be applied to data-driven modelling of many different processes. • New generalized multi-scale kinetic model for improved modelling accuracy. • Antioxidant degradation modelling over broad range of experimental conditions. • Reveals two groups of antioxidants in the extract. • Provides more accurate half-life value of antioxidants.

Effect of solvent pre-treatment on the physicochemical, thermal profiles and morphological behavior of Mangifera pajang seed fat

In this work, the effect of solvent pre-treatment (hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol) on the physicochemical, thermal and morphology behavior of Mangifera pajang seed fat (MPSF) were investigated. Fat extraction was performed using Soxhlet method, and results showed that the yield, physicochemical, and crystalline structures of the MPSF were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the extraction solvents. Hexane gave the highest fat yield (7.67 %) with low unsaturation value (52.13 g iodine/g) compared with petroleum ether and ethanol. Hexane MPSF also had low oxidation rate (peroxide value of 1.1 mEq/g). Both non-stabilized and stabilized hexane MPSF showed a single melting endothermic peak at high temperature with onset, maximum peak and offset temperature of 16.23 ˚C-18.21 °C, 28.22 ˚C-31.25 °C and 34.85 ˚C-39.58 °C, respectively. Hexane MPSF crystallized rapidly at high temperature with single maximum peak starting at 16.51 ˚C-16.68 °C and ending at 0.23 ˚C-1.13 °C. In comparison with ethanol extract, hexane MPSF demonstrated a compact crystalline structure with a large densely packed center. Therefore, MPSF obtained from hexane presented better overall quality than those obtained from other extraction solvents. MPSF exhibited similar melting and morphological behavior to mango kernel fat and commercial cocoa butter. These results suggested that hexane was the best solvent for the extraction of MPSF. This fat also has the potential to be applied as a cocoa butter alternative fat or functional fat.

Development of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) carbonated drink

Mangifera pajang Kostermans or bambangan is a popular fruit among Sabahan due to its health and economic values. However, the fruit is not fully commercialized since it is usually been used as traditional cuisine by local people. Thus, development of bambangan fruit into carbonated drink was conducted to produce new product concept. The objectives of this study were to conceptualize, formulate, evaluate consumer acceptance, and determine physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the accepted product. Method used in conceptualising the product was based on questionnaire. The consumer acceptance was evaluated based on descriptive and affective tests with four product formulations tested. The physicochemical properties on carbon dioxide volume, colour, pH, total acidity, total soluble solid (TSS) and viscosity were highlighted, meanwhile nutritional composition on fat, protein, carbohydrates and energy content were determined. About 77% respondents gave positive feedback, and 69% respondents decided this product is within their budget. The formulation of 5% bambangan pulp, 70% water, 25% sugar and 0.2% citric acid was highly accepted in descriptive and affective tests with 4.4 and 6.39 mean scores, respectively. The physicochemical properties and nutritional composition of the acceptance product were in optimum value except for colour, total acidity and TSS. Overall, this study showed that the product has high potential to be commercialized as new product concept, and heritage of indigenous people can be preserved when this fruit is known regionally.

Effect of Solvent Pre-Treatment on the Physicochemical, Thermal Profiles and Morphological Behavior of &lt;i&gt;Mangifera pajang&lt;/i&gt; Seed Fat

In this work, the effect of solvent pre-treatment (hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol) on the physicochemical, thermal and morphology behavior of Mangifera pajang seed fat (MPSF) were investigated. The results showed that the yield, physicochemical, and crystalline structures of the MPSF were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the extraction solvents. Hexane gave the highest fat yield (7.67%) with low unsaturation value (52.13 g iodine/g) compared with petroleum ether and ethanol. Hexane MPSF also had low oxidation rate (peroxide value of 1.1 mEq/g). Both non-stabilized and stabilized hexane MPSF showed a single melting endothermic peak at high temperature with onset, maximum peak and offset temperature of 16.23 ˚C-18.21 ˚C, 28.22 ˚C-31.25 ˚C and 34.85 ˚C-39.58 ˚C, respectively. Hexane MPSF crystallized rapidly at high temperature with single maximum peak starting at 16.51 ˚C-16.68 ˚C and ending at 0.23 ˚C-1.13 ˚C. In comparison with ethanol extract, hexane MPSF demonstrated a compact crystalline structure with a large densely packed center. MPSF exhibited similar melting and morphological behavior to mango kernel fat and commercial cocoa butter. These results suggested that hexane was the best solvent for the extraction of MPSF. This fat also has the potential to be applied as a cocoa butter alternative fat.

The predator-prey model on squids and anchovies fisheries in Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Wijayanto D, Bambang AN, Kurohman F. 2020. The predator-prey model on squids and anchovies fisheries in Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5698-5703. Traditional fisheries dominate marine fisheries in Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia, including the lift net. The catch of the lift net includes squids and anchovies. The ecological relationship between squids and anchovies must be investigated to develop squids and anchovies management. Without proper modeling, the management of anchovies and squids can lead to over-exploitation of both types of commodities. This study aimed to develop the predator-prey model of squids and anchovies fish in the Jepara District. We conducted predator-prey modeling in squids and anchovies using production and fishing effort data from 2010 to 2019. This research showed a predator-prey relationship between squids (as a predator) and anchovies (as prey) in Jepara District. The anchovy’s production function follows the equation: CA = 14,507 E-51 E2 + 0.41 CS or CA = 4,444 E-15.49 E2. The production function of squids follows the equation: CS = 35,156 E-124 E2-2.42 CA or CS = 24,385 E-86 E2. The optimal fishing effort for anchovies and squids production is 144 units of lift net and 141 units of lift net.

Degradation kinetics modeling of antioxidant compounds from the wastes of Mangifera pajang fruit in aqueous and choline chloride/ascorbic acid natural deep eutectic solvent

The fruit wastes of Mangifera pajang were found to exhibit excellent antioxidant capacity. However, its application can be limited by its poor stability. Therefore, this study aims to improve its stability by solubilizing them in a novel choline chloride/ascorbic acid natural deep eutectic solvent (CHCL/AA NADES) system. The degradation of the antioxidant extracts in the aqueous and NADES system under effects of temperature (25 °C, 40 °C, 60 °Cand 80 °C) and pH (3.0–8.0) were studied by modeling the degradation kinetics. For both systems, the degradation process followed the first-order kinetics. Remarkably, a lower degradation rate constant was found for the antioxidant-CHCL/AA NADES system, suggesting the ability of CHCL/AA NADES in protecting the antioxidant against extreme temperature and pH. Moreover, the half-life values for the antioxidant-CHCL/AA NADES was higher by 4.17–25% as compared to the antioxidant-aqueous system, suggesting that the CHCL/AA NADES is feasible to improve the stability of antioxidants.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Rheological Properties of Bambangan (Mangifera pajang kosterm) Fruit Juice

Bambangan (Mangifera pajang Kosterm) is an indigenous fruit that can be found in Borneo Island including Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Kalimantan (Indonesia), and Brunei. Besides being freshly eaten, the pulp of bambangan fruit can be processed for juice production to expand its market potential. During the processing of fruit juice, the application of heat treatment such as pasteurization and sterilization might influence their rheological behavior. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the rheological properties of bambangan fruit juice (BFJ). The freshly squeezed BFJ was subjected to different heat treatment conditions; sterilization (121°C, 3 minutes), mild temperature long time (MTLT) pasteurization (65°C, 15 minutes), and high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization (90°C, 1 minute). Rheological analysis of the heat-treated BFJ was performed using a rheometer at a shear rate ranging from 1 to 250 s-1 and a temperature between 5 °C to 70 °C. Pasteurization at 90 °C for 1 minute (HTST) was found to be the most suitable heat treatment for the BFJ. At this condition, the BFJ exhibited a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid behavior (n &lt; 1), fitted well with the Herschel-Bulkey model. The value of parameters obtained from Herschel-Bulkley equation for HTST treatment of bambangan juice were n= 0.83, k= 0.32 and yield stress= 3.96. The viscosity values of HTST bambangan juice at the temperature of 5, 20, 40 and 70 °C were 3.53, 2.33, 1.53 and 1.76 Pa.s respectively. This rheological information is of fundamental importance in optimizing equipment design, process control, and sensory evaluation.

Formulation of choline chloride/ascorbic acid natural deep eutectic solvent: Characterization, solubilization capacity and antioxidant property

In the present study, natural deep eutectic solvent composed of choline chloride and ascorbic acid (CHCL/AA NADES) was formulated for enhancing the solubility and antioxidant properties of antioxidant extracts from fruit wastes of Mangifera pajang. The solubilities of Mangifera pajang's antioxidant extracts in water and CHCL/AA NADES at different water contents (0–50 wt%) were investigated. It was observed that the antioxidant extracts were most soluble in the CHCL/AA NADES with 10 wt% of water, and the concentration of antioxidant was found to be approximately 15% and 4% as compared to water and pure CHCL/AA NADES, respectively. The positive effect of water on NADES can be related to the reduced viscosity of NADES, where the viscosity decreased up to 74% upon addition of water. Aside from that, all the tested CHCL/AA NADES enhanced the antioxidant capacity of antioxidant extracts by 1.3–14.64% compared to the antioxidant extracts in water. This finding highlights the role of CHCL/AA NADES as an antioxidant capacity enhancer. Noteworthy, the antioxidant extracts solubilized in the CHCL/AA NADES system formed a nano-scale cluster structure, as depicted by the TEM image, suggesting that the CHCL/AA NADES could potentially use in nanoformulation that provides protection to the antioxidant extracts.

Extraction of antioxidant compounds from the wastes of Mangifera pajang fruit: a comparative study using aqueous ethanol and deep eutectic solvent

The extraction of antioxidant compounds from fruits wastes of Mangifera pajang using conventional solvent (ethanol) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) was investigated. A statistical optimization study was first performed to maximize the antioxidant activity from ethanol extraction, which led to a maximum antioxidant activity of 11.11 ± 0.06 mg AEAC/g. The optimized parameters were then used in the DES extraction study. Among the several formulations of DESs, the solution where choline chloride mixed with glycerol (CHCL-GLY) resulted in the highest antioxidant activity. Subsequently, the CHCL-GLY formulation was further optimized by adjusting the molar ratio of the glycerol and the water concentration in the solution. The results showed that the CHCL-GLY solution with a molar ratio of 1:2 and addition of 20% water gave the highest antioxidant activity at 11.48 ± 0.09 mg AEAC/g, slightly outperformed the extract obtained by aqueous ethanol, indicating that DESs can be an excellent solvent for extracting antioxidant compounds from plant material which lead to novel industrial applications.

Valuable components of bambangan fruit (Mangifera pajang) and its co-products: A review

Fruits are important food commodities that can be consumed either raw or processed and are valued for their taste, nutrients, and healthy compounds. Mangifera pajang Kosterm (bambangan) is an underutilized fruit found in Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak), Brunei, and Indonesia (Kalimantan). It is highly fibrous and juicy with an aromatic flavour and strong smell. In recent years, bambangan fruit has been gaining more attention due to its high fibre, carotenoid content, antioxidant properties, phytochemicals, and medicinal usages. Therefore, the production, trade, and consumption of bambangan fruit could be increased significantly, both domestically and internationally, because of its nutritional value. The identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in bambangan fruit has led to considerable interest among scientists. Bambangan fruit and its waste, especially its seeds and peels, are considered cheap sources of valuable food and are considered nutraceutical ingredients that could be used to prevent various diseases. The use of bambangan fruit waste co-products for the production of bioactive components is an important step towards sustainable development. This is an updated report on the nutritional composition and health-promoting phytochemicals of bambangan fruit and its co-products that explores their potential utilization. This review reveals that bambangan fruit and its co-products could be used as ingredients of dietary fibre powder or could be incorporated into food products (biscuits and macaroni) to enhance their nutraceutical properties.

Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) kernel fat: a potential new source of cocoa butter alternative

SummaryBambangan (Mangifera pajang) is one of the underutilised tropical fruits found in the Borneo islands (Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei). The physicochemical and thermal properties of bambangan kernel fat (BKF) were investigated in an effort to identify an innovative fat that could be exploited in confectionery applications. The fatty acids and triglyceride (TG) contents, melting behaviour and solid fat content (SFC) of the BKF were determined by various chromatographic and thermal techniques. BKF had three main TGs, namely 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐3‐stearoyl‐glycerol (POS) (11.6%), 1,3‐distearoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐glycerol (SOS) (28.7%) and 1‐stearoyl‐2,3‐dioleoyl‐glycerol (SOO) (11.2%), with SOS being the major component. Stearic, oleic and palmitic acids were the dominant fatty acids with the area percentage of 36.4%, 44.5% and 8.4%, respectively. The melting behaviour indicated a single curve with only one maximum shoulder. With respect to the physicochemical and thermal properties, BKF is ideal for use in formulations (blending components) as an alternative to CB in food products, especially confectionary products.

Optimization of fat yield of bambangan (Mangifera pajang) kernel using response surface methodology and its antioxidant activities

The objectives of this study are to optimize the extraction of fat from bambangan kernel using response surface methodology and to determine its antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents (TPC). Bambangan kernel was also investigated to determine proximate and amino acids in a pursuit to identify an innovative fruit which could be exploited in other food applications. Results for proximate compositions of bambangan kernel indicates moisture contents of 8.9%, crude protein contents of 4.1%, ash contents of 2.8%, and carbohydrate contents of 72.9% on dry weight basis. The highest fat yield of bambangan kernel was found to be 11.0% with optimum parameters at solvent volume of 329.7 ml (n-hexane), samples weight of 27.0 g, and extraction time of 7.6 h. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability of bambangan kernel powder and fat were found to be 60.6 ± 2.1 and 35.2 ± 2.1 mg TEAC/100 g, respectively. Moreover, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of bambangan kernel powder and fat were 150.6 ± 2.4 and 119.0 ± 6.3 mM/100 g, respectively. The TPC of bambangan kernel powder was 118.6 ± 1.9 mg GAE/g, whereas kernel fat was 94.1 ± 2.1 mg GAE/g. The DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP activities showed a strong correlation with TPC in both bambangan kernel powder and fat. The high TPC of bambangan kernel and its fat indicated that the kernels should be further utilized or processed to other food, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical products instead of discarded as waste.

Anti-cancer potential of methyl gallate isolated from Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) in MCF-7 cell line

Event Abstract Back to Event Anti-cancer potential of methyl gallate isolated from Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) in MCF-7 cell line Azlen Che Rahim1, Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar1*, Nur Kartinee Kassim2, Johnson Stanslas2 and Wan Nor I’zzah Wan Mohamad Zain3 1 Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia 2 Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia 3 Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Background Mangifera pajang or widely known as Bambangan is an indigenous fruit of Borneo Island. The kernel part of this fruit has been reported to display anti-cancer potential. This study was conducted to isolate the major bioactive compound from the kernel of Bambangan and determine the cytotoxic activity and apoptosis-inducing ability of the compound in MCF-7 cell line. Methods Methyl gallate (C8H8O5) has been successfully isolated from the methanol crude extract of Bambangan kernal. Identification of methyl gallate was done using spectroscopic method analysis such as infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and compared to reported data. Cytotoxic activity of methyl gallate was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The effect of methyl gallate on cell cycle and apoptosis induction was assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Results The results showed that methyl gallate induced strong cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value of 54.7 µM. Methyl gallate increased cell population in sub-G1 phase indicating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. In addition, staining with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide revealed that total apoptotic cells were increased after incubation with the compound in a time dependent manner. Conclusion As a conclusion, methyl gallate isolated from Bambangan induced anti-cancer potential in breast cancer cell. Study on the mechanism of action as well as the efficacy of this compound in in vivo is suggested moving forward Acknowledgements This study was funded under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot: 1560) as well as UTHM contract grant (H277). Special thanks to Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) for the use of laboratories and technical assistance. Keywords: Mangifera pajang, Methyl gallate, MCF-7, Apoptosis, cytotoxic Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Cancer Citation: Che Rahim A, Abu Bakar M, Kassim N, Stanslas J and Wan Mohamad Zain W (2019). Anti-cancer potential of methyl gallate isolated from Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) in MCF-7 cell line. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00149 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 16 Oct 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia, fadzelly@uthm.edu.my Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Azlen Che Rahim Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar Nur Kartinee Kassim Johnson Stanslas Wan Nor I’zzah Wan Mohamad Zain Google Azlen Che Rahim Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar Nur Kartinee Kassim Johnson Stanslas Wan Nor I’zzah Wan Mohamad Zain Google Scholar Azlen Che Rahim Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar Nur Kartinee Kassim Johnson Stanslas Wan Nor I’zzah Wan Mohamad Zain PubMed Azlen Che Rahim Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar Nur Kartinee Kassim Johnson Stanslas Wan Nor I’zzah Wan Mohamad Zain Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Isolated from Kernel of Bambangan (Mangifera pajang)

Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity. One of the major bioactive compounds present in the methanol extract of kernel of M. pajang is methyl 3,4,5- trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate). The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of this compound against selected cancer cell lines such as hormone dependent breast cancer (MCF-7), non-hormone dependent breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer (PC-3), pancreatic cancer cell (CP-2) and colon cancer (HCT-116) cell lines. Methyl gallate was isolated from methanol extract by using column chromatography and the compound was further confirmed by using NMR, GC-MS analysis and comparison of spectral data of the isolated data with published report. The cytotoxicity of the compound was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at concentrationsranging from 0 to 100 μM. The results showed that the compound only induced cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 54.7 ± 4.73 and 97.6 ± 4.04 μM, respectively. Furthermore, Capan 2, MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 showed no inhibition towards the cell proliferation after the treatment with compound (IC50 values more than100 μM). Thus, the compound isolated from kernel of M. pajang exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against selected cancer cell lines.

Antifungal and cytotoxic activities of extracts obtained from underutilised edible tropical fruits

Objective: To evaluate antifungal and cytotoxic activities of four underutilised fruit species, i.e. Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), Cynometra cauliflora (nam-nam), Mangifera pajang (M. pajang) (Bambangan) and Physalis minima (wild gooseberry). Methods: Extracts from the fresh flesh of Artocarpus altilis and Cynometra cauliflora, the flesh and kernel of M. pajang, and the whole fruit of Physalis minima were obtained by sequential extraction using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and distilled water. Each extract was assessed against six species of human fungal pathogens using a colourimetric broth microdilution method. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using African monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. Results: All 30 extracts showed inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. However, none of the extracts were active against Aspergillus fumigatus. The ethanol, methanol and water extracts from the kernel of M. pajang fruit showed the strongest activity against three species of Candida and Trichophyton interdigitale, with a minimum inhibitory concentration range of 0.001 - 0.630 mg/mL. The corresponding mean 50% cytotoxic concentrations for these three extracts were 358.7, 158.4 and 261.3 μg/mL, respectively against Vero cells. In contrast, the flesh of M. pajang fruit (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts) showed statistically significant (P

Comparison of Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Different Parts of Bambangan (Mangifera pajang) Fruit

Mangifera pajang produces a fruit that is similar to mango, but characterized by brownish exterior colour that contained yellowish flesh and strong mangoish-turpentine aroma. This study identified the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil extracted from flesh, peel and kernel of M. pajang. Different parts of M. Pajang were extracted using hydrodistillation and the essential oils obtained were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometrically while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method. Total of 56 (flesh), 9 (peel) and 26 (kernel) volatile compounds were identified from the essential oil with the major component obtained were 3-methyl-4-cyclohexene (14.91 %), α-pinene (34.73 %) and linoleic acid (16.58 %), respectively. The essential oils extracted from different parts of the fruit displayed weak inhibition in antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging showed that essential oil from M. pajang peel displayed the highest antioxidant capacity. It is clear that the essential oils extracted from different parts of M. pajang possess beneficial phytochemicals that can contribute to human's health.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia

Mangifera pajang Kostermans of the mango family (Anacardiaceae) is endemic to the lowland rain forests of Borneo. Although growing wild in the forest, trees of are planted in orchards and home gardens due to increasing demand for the fruits which are among the largest of the genus. Fruits are oval in shape, and have a characteristic rough and brown skin. In Sabah, M. pajang or bambangan has ethno-cultural significance, and has become an iconic fruit among the Kadazan-Dusun people, who have developed various traditional cuisines using fresh and preserved fruits. Phytochemical investigations on the edible fruit pulp, peel and kernel of M. pajang showed that they are rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids. From the edible pulp, flavonoids (daidzein, genis-tein, hesperidin, kaempferol, naringin, luteolin and quercetin), phenolic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid), carotenoids (α-carotene and β-carotene), and xanthophylls (cryptoxanthin and cis-cryptoxanthin) have been reported. Pharmacological properties of bam-bangan fruits include antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and cytopro-tective activities. A clinical trial at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) has demonstrated the health benefits of regular consumption of bambangan fruit juice. Treated subjects showed significant improvement in cer-tain cardiovascular biochemical parameters that can safeguard against cardiovascular diseases. Traditional and functional food products from bambangan fruits are being developed in Sabah How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. SRP. 2017; 8(1): 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 Web Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=302644570 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 AMA (American Medical Association) Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. SRP. 2017; 8(1): 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 Vancouver/ICMJE Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. SRP. (2017), [cited March 28, 2021]; 8(1): 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 Harvard Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan (2017) and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. SRP, 8 (1), 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 Turabian Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. 2017. and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Reviews in Pharmacy, 8 (1), 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 Chicago Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 8 (2017), 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Malaysia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 8.1 (2017), 86-91. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15 APA (American Psychological Association) Style Joseph Tangah, Fidelis Edwin Bajau, Werfred Jilimin, Hung Tuck Chan, Siu Kuin Wong, Eric Wei Chiang Chan (2017) and Pharmacology of Mangifera pajang: An Iconic Fruit of Sabah, Reviews in Pharmacy, 8 (1), 86-91. doi:10.5530/srp.2017.1.15