Mandibular Cortical Thickness Research Articles

Comparison of quantitative radiomorphometric predictors of healthy and MRONJ-affected bone using panoramic radiography and cone-beam CT.

To determine the most distinctive quantitative radiomorphometric parameter(s) for the detection of MRONJ-affected bone changes in panoramic radiography (PR) and cone-beam CT (CBCT). PR and sagittal CBCT slices of 24 MRONJ patients and 22 healthy controls were used for the measurements of mandibular cortical thickness (MCT), fractal dimension (FD), lacunarity, mean gray value (MGV), bone area fraction (BA/TA), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N). MCT was measured in the mental foramen region. While FD and lacunarity were measured on mandibular trabecular and cortical regions-of-interest (ROIs), the remaining parameters were measured on trabecular ROIs. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the measurements between the MRONJ and control groups for both imaging modalities (P = .05). MCT was the only parameter that differentiated MRONJ-affected bone in both PR and CBCT (P < .05). None of the remaining parameters revealed any difference for MRONJ-affected bone in CBCT (P > .05). FD, lacunarity, MGV, BA/TA, and Tb.Sp could distinguish MRONJ-affected trabecular bone in PR (P < .05). The correspondent ROI for both imaging methods that was reliable for detecting MRONJ-affected bone was the trabecular bone distal to the mental foramen above the inferior alveolar canal (ROI-3). MCT is a reliable parameter for the discrimination of MRONJ-affected bone in both PR and CBCT images. PR may be used to detect MRONJ-affected trabecular bone using FD, lacunarity, MGV, BA/TA, and Tb.Sp measurements as well.

Differences in mental index value in patients with type II diabetes mellitus using panoramic radiography

Objectives: This research is aimed to determine the mandibular cortical thickness by the Mental Index value using panoramic radiography in patients with type 2 DM based on length of suffering ≤ 5 years and &gt; 5 years. Materials and Methods: This research is using unpaired comparative analytical design with a cross-sectional stratified random sampling method and unpaired T-test statistic. Results: 34 samples of patients with type 2 DM showed that the mean mental index was 4.219 ± 1.223. The two groups did not have a difference in the meaning of the MI value. The MI of the group with a shorter history of suffering (≤ 5 years) was 4.227 ± 1.063 and the group with a longer history of suffering (&gt;5 years) was 4.211 ± 1.399. There were 8 people who experienced thinning bone from the whole age group, the most were from the age group of 51-60 years old. Conclusion: Mental Index (MI) value is greater or exceeds the normal value (≥ 3,1 mm) in both groups of patients with type 2 DM based on length of suffering ≤ 5 years and &gt; 5 years. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus type 2, Mental Index, Mandibular Cortical Bone, Panoramic Radiography, Bone Mineral Density.

Assessment of mandibular cortical bone thickness for miniscrew placement in relation to the vertical facial patterns using CBCT: A cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The need of more anchorage in the orthodontic daily practice has introduced the use of temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Cortical bone thickness has been one of the major factors on the success rate of the stability of TADs. Different vertical dimension patterns can be found among orthodontic patients with potentially variable cortical bone thickness. Aim of the study: to assess the cortical bone thickness in the posterior region of the mandible in relation to different vertical facial patterns using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate the progressive change in the thickness of cortical bone from 4,6 to 8 mm from the crest of the alveolar bone toward the apical region. Methods: Thirty-six participants were selected and their cephalometric x-rays and CBCTs were analyzed and compared. Vertical facial pattern was measured with the use of the mandibular plane angle and participants were grouped in 3 categories according to the measures. On the CBCTs, buccal and lingual cortical bone thickness were measured from 4,6 and 8 mm from the alveolar crestal bone and compared. All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, v.26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The significance level was set at α = 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Results: There was no statistically significant differences were observed between the vertical dimensions groups in terms of buccal and lingual measurements at 4, 6, and 8 mm from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) between 44/45, 45/46, and 46/47 (P&gt;0.05). Conclusions: There was a progressive increase in cortical bone thickness in most of the studied groups from the alveolar crest to the apical region.

Evaluation of cortical and trabecular bone structure of the mandible in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

This study aimed to examine the difference between the fractal dimension (FD) values of the mandibular trabecular bone and the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and mandibular cortical thickness (MCW) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy control group. A total of 184 individuals (92 cases, 92 controls), were examined in our study. PMI, MCI, and MCW values were calculated on panoramic images of all individuals. For FD values, the region of interest (ROI) was selected with the size of 100 × 100 pixels from the right-left gonial and interdental regions and 50 × 50 pixels from the condylar region. Degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region were recorded. PMI, MCI, and MCW values showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.000, p < 0.001). The radiological signs of mandibular cortical resorption were more severe in the case group than in the control group. PMI and MCW values were found to be lower in the case group than in the control group. It was determined that the number of C3 and C2 values, among the MCI values, was higher in the case group. Only the FD values of the ROI selected from the condyle region were found to be statistically significant and were lower in the case group (p = 0.026, p < 0.05). Degenerative changes in the TMJ region were significantly more frequent in the case groups (p = 0.000, p < 0.001). The fact that the mandibular cortex shows more resorptive features in individuals with AS may require further evaluation in terms of osteoporosis. Because of the low FD values of the condylar regions of these patients and the more frequent degenerative changes, the TMJ region should be followed carefully. Detailed examination of the mandibular cortex and condylar region is beneficial in patients with AS for screening and following osteoporotic changes in these individuals, which is essential for the patient’s life quality.

Differences in Antegonial Index values in type II diabetes mellitus patients using panoramic radiography

Objectives: This research is aimed to analyze the value of the antegonial index in patients with type II diabetes mellitus using panoramic radiography.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This research is using stratified random sampling study with unpaired numerical comparative formula. The research sample was patients who were visiting and diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus for ≤ 5 years and &gt; 5 years by doctors at the Internal Diseases Polyclinic at Ulin General Hospital, Banjarmasin. Mandibular cortical thickness can be seen in the results of panoramic radiographs using radiomorphometric measurements with mandibular cortical index measurements, which is called as antegonial index. Antegonial index measurement as a screening tool can detect either the patient is positive or negative for having bone resoption. &#x0D; Results: The result showed average value of mandibular cortical thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus type II with a period of disease ≤ 5 years does not match the normal limit of &gt; 3.2 mm, which is 2.57 ± 1.41 and the average value of mandibular cortical thickness in the group of patients with long period of disease &gt; 5 years is 2.19 ± 0.76.&#x0D; Conclusion: Mandibular cortical thickness in patients with type II diabetes mellitus for ≤ 5 years and &gt; 5 years is not within normal limits.

Differences in Panoramic Mandibular Index value between male and female hypertension patients using panoramic radiography

Objectives: This study is aimed to analyze the panoramic mandibular index value in male and female hypertensive patients using panoramic radiography.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This research is a comparative analytic research with a purposive sampling technique. The study sample was hypertensive patients at Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin from March to May 2023.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference through statistical data on the panoramic mandibular index value between men (0.27 ± 0.07) and women (0.26 ± 0.09), The age group that experienced a decrease in mandibular cortical thickness was most in the age group ≥ 65 years (0.22 ± 0.06).&#x0D; Conclusion: It is known that there is no significant difference in the panoramic mandibular index value between women and men.

Oral and craniofacial research in the Generation R study: an executive summary

ObjectivesOral conditions are of high prevalence and chronic character within the general population. Identifying the risk factors and determinants of oral disease is important, not only to reduce the burden of oral diseases, but also to improve (equal access to) oral health care systems, and to develop effective oral health promotion programs. Longitudinal population-based (birth-)cohort studies are very suitable to study risk factors on common oral diseases and have the potential to emphasize the importance of a healthy start for oral health. In this paper, we provide an overview of the comprehensive oral and craniofacial dataset that has been collected in the Generation R study: a population-based prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands that was designed to identify causes of health from fetal life until adulthood.MethodsWithin the multidisciplinary context of the Generation R study, oral and craniofacial data has been collected from the age of 3 years onwards, and continued at the age of six, nine, and thirteen. Data collection is continuing in 17-year-old participants.Research outcomesIn total, the cohort population comprised 9749 children at birth, and 7405 eligible participants at the age of seventeen. Based on questionnaires, the dataset contains information on oral hygiene, dental visits, oral habits, oral health–related quality of life, orthodontic treatment, and obstructive sleep apnea. Based on direct measurements, the dataset contains information on dental caries, developmental defects of enamel, objective orthodontic treatment need, dental development, craniofacial characteristics, mandibular cortical thickness, and 3D facial measurements.ConclusionsSeveral research lines have been set up using the oral and craniofacial data linked with the extensive data collection that exists within the Generation R study.Clinical relevanceBeing embedded in a multidisciplinary and longitudinal birth cohort study allows researchers to study several determinants of oral and craniofacial health, and to provide answers and insight into unknown etiologies and oral health problems in the general population.

Mandibular Radiomorphometric Characteristics of Individuals with Bilateral or Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

This study aimed to investigate and compare the mandibular radiomorphometric characteristics of patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) with those of individuals without CLP and to determine whether there was a difference. Retrospective cohort study. Orthodontic Department in Faculty of Dentistry. Mandibular cortical bone thickness was measured on high-quality panoramic radiographs taken from 46 patients with unilateral or bilateral CLP aged 13-15 years and 21 control patients. Three radiomorphometric indices [antegonial index (AI), mental index (MI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI)] were measured bilaterally. AutoCAD software was used for MI, PMI, and AI measurements. Left MI values were significantly lower in individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP; 0.029 ± 0.04) than in individuals with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP; 0.033 ± 0.07). In addition, right MI values of individuals with right UCLP (0.26 ± 0.06) were significantly lower than those of individuals with left UCLP (0.34 ± 0.06) or BCLP (0.32 ± 0.08). No difference was observed between individuals with BCLP and left UCLP. These values did not differ between groups. Antegonial index and PMI values did not differ between individuals with different types of CLP or when compared with control patients. In patients with UCLP, cortical bone thickness was found to be reduced on the cleft side compared to the intact side. Patients with UCLP with a right-sided cleft had a more substantial decrease in cortical bone thickness.

Radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension of the mandible in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a matched cross-sectional study

The objective was to analyze radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) of mandibular cortical bone and fractal dimension (FD) of trabecular bone of individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and compare the findings to those of individuals without OI. Digital panoramic radiographs of 20 individuals with OI (case group) and 40 individuals without OI (control group) were examined. The RMIs of mandibular cortical index (MCI) and mandibular cortical thickness (MCT) were analyzed. FD of mandibular trabecular bone was calculated bilaterally in 3 regions. The chi-squared test and paired t test were used to compare the significance of differences between the groups. The effect size and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were also determined. Significance was established at P < .05. Categories C2 and C3 of the MCI were more frequent in individuals with OI (P < .001). The Mean MCT was 2.08 ± 0.79 in the OI case group and 2.91 ± 0.60 in the control group (P < .001). Mean FD in the condylar region was significantly lower in the OI case group (P=.002). The effect size for these 2 measures was large, and the difference between groups was greater than the MCID. Radiographs of individuals with OI exhibited more porosity and diminished thickness of the mandibular cortical bone and lower FD values in the condylar trabecular bone.

Evaluation of trabecular bone and mandibular cortical thickness in adults with different vertical facial types

This study investigated differences in trabecular structure and mandibular cortical thickness in adults related to vertical facial type (VFT), sex, and their interactions. Lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) and panoramic radiographs (PRs) of 256 patients were reviewed. The VFT classification into low-angle, normal, and high-angle groups was determined using angular and linear measurements on LCRs. Fractal dimension (FD) values and mandibular radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) were calculated on PRs. Two-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in FD overall among VFT groups in all sites (P < .001), with pairwise comparisons indicating the greatest values in the high-angle group in the condyle (P < .05) but in the low-angle group elsewhere (P < .001). RMIs were significantly different overall regarding VFT only in the posterior mandible (P=.004), with pairwise comparisons revealing low-angle and normal group values greater than high-angle group values (P < .05). Patient sex and the interaction of facial type and sex had no significant effect on any bone measurements. VFT had significant effects on trabecular structure at all measured sites, but cortical thickness was affected only in 1 location.

Radiographic changes of mandibular cortical bone in bisphosphonate drug holiday.

ObjectivesThere have been few studies to date on the residual effect of bisphosphonate. This study investigated the radiographic changes of mandibular cortical thickness upon bisphosphonate drug holiday.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study includes 36 patients diagnosed with MRONJ (medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw) at Ajou University Dental Hospital in 2010-2021. All patients stopped taking bisphosphonate under consultation with the prescribing physicians. Panoramic radiographs were taken at the start of discontinuation (T0), 12 months after (T1), and 18 months after (T2) discontinuation of bisphosphonate, respectively. Mental index and panoramic mandibular index were calculated using Ledgerton’s method. Paired t-tests were used to analyze differences over time.ResultsThe difference in indices (mental index and panoramic mandibular index) between T0 and T1 was not statistically significant (paired t-test, P>0.05). However, the difference in these indices between T1 and T2 was statistically significant (paired t-test, P<0.05).ConclusionThe cortical thickness of the mandible decreased in the late stage (after 18 months) as observed by panoramic radiograph.

A computed tomography-based analysis of the structure of the mandible according to age and sex

BackgroundThe primary objectives of mandibular surgery are to achieve optimal occlusion, low sensory disturbance, and adequate fixation with early movement. In-depth knowledge of the mandibular structure is required to achieve these goals. This study used computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the mandibular cortical thickness and cancellous space according to age and sex.MethodsWe enrolled 230 consecutive patients, aged 20 to 50 years, who underwent CT scanning. The cortex and cancellous space centered around the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal were measured at two specific locations: the lingula and second molar region. Statistical analysis of differences according to increasing age and sex was performed.ResultsThe t-test revealed that the cancellous space and cortical thickness differed significantly with respect to the threshold of 35 years of age. Both cortical thickness and cancellous space in the molar region were negatively correlated with age. Meanwhile, both cortical thickness and cancellous space in the lingula region showed a positive correlation with age. With respect to sex, significant differences in the cancellous space at the molar region and the cortical thickness at the lingula were observed. However, no further statistically significant differences were observed in other variables with respect to sex. The sum of each measurement on the mandibular body reflected the safe distance from the surface of the outer cortex to the IAN canal. The safe distances also showed statistically significant differences between those above and below 35 years of age.ConclusionKnowledge of the anatomical structure of the mandible and of changes in bone structure is crucial to ensure optimal surgical outcomes and avoid damage to the IAN. CT examination is useful to identify changes in the bone structure, and these should be taken into account in the planning of surgery for older patients.

Fractal Dimension and Radiomorphometric analysis of Orthopanoramic radiographs in patients with tobacco and areca nut associated oral mucosal lesions: A pilot in-vivo study in a North Indian cohort

The aim of this study was to determine the fractal dimension (FD) and radiomorphometric indices (RMIs) in the mandible from orthopantomographic radiographs in patients with oral lesions associated with smokeless/smoking tobacco (SLT/ST) and areca nut habits in a North Indian cohort. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational pilot study was conducted of 120 subjects, including controls and 3 study groups of 30 patients each with oral submucous fibrosis, tobacco pouch keratosis, and oral leukoplakia (OL). Two observers calculated FD and the RMIs of mandibular cortical thickness (MCT), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI). Mean FD was significantly reduced compared to controls with all oral lesions (P < .05) and with all habits in 3 of 4 regions of interest (P < .05). MCT was significantly reduced with OL (P < .005) and in ST users (P < .05). PMI did not differ regarding lesion status or habits. Compared to the controls, MCI C2 type was significantly more common in all oral lesions (P ≤ .005) and all types of habit (P < .005). Inter- and intraobserver agreement was strong to excellent. FD and RMI values were significantly altered compared to controls in oral lesions associated with tobacco and areca nut habits and in the dominant type of habit.

Deep Learning-Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Mandibular Cortical Thickness Reveals Shared Biologic Background with the Whole-Body Skeleton

Deep Learning-Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Mandibular Cortical Thickness Reveals Shared Biologic Background with the Whole-Body Skeleton

Do antihypertensive medications effect the mandibular cortical bone thickness? A study using cone beam computed tomography images

The aim of this study was to measure the association between antihypertensive medication use and mandibular cortical thickness. This retrospective cross-sectional study was comprised of a study sample of 169 patients aged 40 to 69. Cone beam computed tomography scans were examined. The buccal cortical thickness of the mandibular ramus was measured. Participants were separated into the control or study group based on use of antihypertensive medications. The predictor variable was the use of antihypertensive medications. The primary outcome variable was cortical thickness of the mandible. Age was identified as a covariate affecting the outcome variable. The data was analyzed with a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to remove the effect of age on the outcome variable. The groups were subdivided based on the sex of the patient. The study sample was composed of 169 patients with a mean age of 52.1, and 54% were female. There were 67 patients in the antihypertensive group (39.6%). A mean difference of 0.21 mm was found (P=.0010, 95% CI 0.09, 0.34 mm). The difference persisted after adjusting for age with one-way ANCOVA testing (P < .001). This study suggests that there may be an association between antihypertensive use and mandibular cortical thickness. Age may be an effect modifier with the effect increasing in older patients.

Radiomorphometric indices as indicator in osteoporosis-A digital panaromic study

Osteopenia/ osteoporosis affect many elderly people and might not be detected until symptoms of fractures occur. Early detection of osteopenia/ osteoporosis is important and would allow preventive measures and treatment. Access to screening of osteoporosis is often limited, whereas panoramic radiography is widely used in dentistry. This highlights the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis of this disease. With this background the present study is intended to analyse the radiomorphometric indices of mandible using digital panoramic radiographs. The study subject consisted of 300 panoramic radiographs of which 150 were males and 150 were females, in the age group of 21-70 years. The obtained data were statistically analysed. GI and AI showed a downward trend with age. MI showed a decline in mean values from the age of 61 years only in females. PMI showed a sudden drop after the age of 40 years. C2 and C3 categories increased with age. Male patients demonstrated significantly higher measured values for GI, AI and MI than female patients. C3 cortical appearance was predominantly seen in females. GI, AI, MI and MCI were strongly influenced by dental status. The mandibular cortical thickness was reduced in older females. Dentition had a significant effect on all indices, except PMI. This study showed that GI, AI, MI PMI and MCI are useful for identifying patients with low skeletal bone mineral densities or osteoporosis. Hence, it is advocated that oral physicians play an unique role in screening of patients for the evaluation of osteopenia.

The effects of vitamin D deficiency on mandibular bone structure: a retrospective radiological study.

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the mandibular bone structure by fractal analysis and panoramic morphometric indices.MethodsNinety participants were divided into three groups as 30 individuals with severe vitamin D deficiency, 30 individuals with vitamin D deficiency, and 30 individuals with vitamin D sufficiency. Fractal dimension analysis (FD), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical index (MCI), and mandibular cortical thickness measurement (CTM) were evaluated on panoramic radiographs.ResultsFD values of the patients with vitamin D deficiency were found to be statistically lower than the patients with vitamin D sufficiency (p < 0.05). FD value of supracortical area above the angulus mandible (FD2) in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower than FD values (p = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the CTM (p > 0.05). PMI was significantly lower in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in MCI values between the groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionVitamin D deficiency causes a decrease in bone mineral density in the mandible, and an increase in alveolar porosity. FD analysis and radiomorphometric indices in panoramic radiographs can be used to assess osteoporotic changes in patients with vitamin D deficiency.

Cone beam computed tomography analysis of mandibular inferior cortical thickness and bone texture in cemento-osseous dysplasia

This study compared mandibular cortical thickness (CTh) and fractal dimension (FD) in patients with cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and controls, as measured with cone beam computed tomography. In total, 28 female patients with COD and 28 age-matched controls were selected retrospectively. Inferior cross-sectional CTh was measured at the symphysis (sCTh), anterior (aCTh), mental foramen (mfCTh), molar (mCTh), and posterior (pCTh) regions. The alternate measurement of mean CTh of the volume including buccal, lingual, and inferior cortices between the mental foramina (alternate CTh) was measured in ImageJ. FD was calculated in cortical and trabecular bone. Data were analyzed for significance of differences in CTh and FD between patient groups and for correlation of inferior and alternate CTh measurements. Inferior CTh values were lower overall in the patients with COD than in the controls (P=.01), specifically at sCTh, mCTh, and pCTh (P ≤ .042). Alternate CTh was also significantly lower in the COD group (P=.005). There was a significant correlation between inferior and alternate CTh measurements (r=0.636, P < .001). No significant differences were observed in cortical or trabecular FD between groups (P ≥ .072). Female patients with COD had significantly lower inferior and alternate CTh than healthy controls. Both groups had similar cortical and trabecular bone textures.

Use of Micro-CT Imaging to Assess Ventral Mandibular Cortical Thickness and Volume in an Experimental Rodent Model With Chronic High-Phosphorus Intake.

Adverse effects of high dietary phosphorus on bone health have been observed in both animal and human studies. The aim of the investigation was to examine chronic effects of high phosphorus diet on the apical mandibular cortical thickness and volume in a hystricomorph rodent (Octodon degus) using microcomputed tomography. Male degus were randomly divided into two groups fed by different mineral contents from the age of 12 weeks till the age of 17 months. The micro-CT scanning and wall thickness analysis were applied on the region of the mandible exactly under the apices of the 4th premolar tooth, first molar tooth, and second molar tooth in two animals from each group. General overview and mapping of the ventral mandibular bone thickness revealed pronounced bony mandibular protrusions in all the animals fed a high-phosphorus diet with obvious bone thinning apically to the 4th premolar and first and second molar tooth apices. Mandibular bone volume and thickness located apically to the premolar and molars were statistically significantly smaller/thinner in the group fed by a high phosphorus diet. The thinnest bone measured 0.004 mm, where the mandibular 4th premolar tooth almost perforated the mandibular cortex. Similar studies of metabolic bone disease and its influence on alveolar bone were also published in rats and mice. The influence of different environmental, infectious, or metabolic factors on the growing tooth, alveolar bone formation, and bone pathologies must be done experimentally on growing animals. In contrast, degus have continuously growing dentition, and the effect of any of the above listed factors can be studied in this animal model at any age and for longer time periods.

CBCT Evaluation of Cortical Bone Thickness for Orthodontic Mini-Screw

Objectives: This study aimed to assess mandibular and maxillary cortical bone thickness using a cone beam computer tomogram (CBCT) image to determine the safe zone to insert mini-screws. Methods: In this three factorial design study, we included 100 subjects divided into age group 1 (age 16-44 yrs.) and age group 2 (age 26-42 yrs.) that had taken a CBCT in the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mongolian National University Medical Sciences (MNUMS) from 2014-2021 We used CBCT images in the 100 subjects that were obtained with DENTRI (HDXWILL, Seoul, Korea) using OnDemand3D software for linear measurements. Results: The maxillary cortical bone thickness was heavier in the male gender at the premolar region level of 5 mm in age group I. Maximum maxillary cortical bone thickness as measured 7 mm from the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) between the 1st premolar and 2nd premolar was 0.99 mm, and the mandibular cortical bone thickness as measured 7 mm from the CEJ between the 1st molar and 2nd molar was 2.11 mm. Conclusion: This suggests that the maxillar and mandibular molar teeth cortical bone thickness on the buccal side of 7mm from the CEJ is considered to be the safest position to implant mini screws in cortical bone.