Mandatory Training Course Research Articles

Мировоззренческие и теоретико-методологические положения курса «Основы российской государственности»: критический анализ

The article analyzes the ideological and theoretical-methodological foundations of the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”, which started in higher educational institutions in September 2023. Based on the study of the three main textbooks for this course, an analysis of the main provisions contained in the course is given. From the author's point of view, the course is clearly ideological, conservative and idealistic in nature. In addition, in some places of the textbook, not only controversial, but also directly ideologically biased state-ments that have nothing to do with reality are allowed. According to the author, such a situation may occur if it concerns a scientific or political discussion, but is not acceptable in a mandatory training course. From the au-thor’s point of view, since the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood” in the form in which it is currently presented is frankly ideologized and biased, it was prematurely introduced as generally binding. This course, in the author’s opinion, carries more propaganda of conservative ideology and religious worldview than knowledge about Russia and in this regard may be present in the educational process as an elective, but not a compulsory discipline.

Professional Corporate Employee Education from the Point of View of the Types of Education and the Applied Forms of Education

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the types and forms of continuing vocational education applied in selected Slovak companies and their benefits for employee performance. The basic concepts, i.e. compulsory and voluntary vocational training of employees, obligations of the employer and the employee related to these forms of education are defined in the paper in accordance with the law. Most of the mandatory trainings are intended for all employees of a given employer entity and concern occupational safety and health, first aid, fire protection, as well as trainings focused on regular verification and renewal of employees' skills. Voluntary educational activities are based on the interests and needs of employees. Questionnaire and interview methods were applied in the empirical research. The target number of respondents selected from two divisions of the statistical classification of economic activities in the Slovak Republic was 120. The research results presented in the tables show the types and forms of education/training applied in the analyzed companies, classified by the number of participants, duration and repetitiveness of the training. The research results confirm that mandatory training courses are organized in all the companies surveyed, while voluntary continuing education in these companies is most often conducted as a one-time educational activity of short duration.

Endoscopy training in the Netherlands: a national survey among gastroenterology residents.

Background and study aims Training in endoscopy is a key objective of gastroenterology residency. There is currently no standardized or systematic training approach. This study evaluated and compared the current status of gastrointestinal endoscopy training programs in all teaching hospitals in the Netherlands from a resident perspective. Materials and methods A national online survey with open and closed questions on gastrointestinal endoscopy training was administered to all gastroenterology residents (N = 180) in the eight educational regions in the Netherlands. Results One hundred residents who had already started endoscopy training were included in the analyses. Sixty-five residents (65 %) were satisfied with their endoscopy training program. Participation in a preclinical endoscopy course was mandatory in seven of eight educational regions. Residents from the region without a mandatory endoscopy training course were significantly less likely to be satisfied with their endoscopy training program (32 %, P = .011). Criteria used to determine the level of supervision differed greatly between teaching hospitals (e. g. assessed endoscopy competence, predefined period of time or number of procedures). Only 26 residents (26 %) reported uniformity in teaching methods and styles between different supervising gastroenterologists in their teaching hospital. Conclusions Although most gastroenterology residents were satisfied with the endoscopy training program and endoscopy supervision in their teaching hospital, this study identified considerable local and regional variability. Future studies should be conducted to evaluate the trainers' perspective and trainers' behavior during endoscopy training sessions, which might eventually lead to the development of best practices regarding endoscopy training, including standardization of training programs and supervision methods.

Perceived clinical challenges when treating patients from another culture: a study among doctors training in psychiatry in Norway

IntroductionThere is increased migration of patients and physicians worldwide. In Norway, psychiatry is the medical discipline with highest proportion of foreign doctors (24%). We need empirical studies on transcultural clinical challenges among doctors training in psychiatry.ObjectivesWhat perceived clinical challenges do foreign and native Norwegian young doctors meet when they treat patients from another culture, and what independent factors are associated with such challenges?MethodsWe developed a new 6-item instrument (alpha=0.80), Clinical Transcultural Challenges (CTC), with items about assessing psychosis, risk of suicide, violence etc. The doctors were recruited at mandatory training courses, and they filled in questionnaires about individual factors (age, gender, foreign/native) and work-related factors (training stage, frequency of transcultural meetings, number of working hours, work stress). Associations with CTC were analyzed by linear multiple regression.ResultsThe response rate was 93% (216/233), of whom 83% were native and 17% were foreign doctors, 68% were women. Native doctors reported higher levels of CTC than did foreign doctors, 28.8 (6.2) vs 23.8 (7.2), p<0.001, d=0.73. Both native and foreign doctors rated “assessing psychosis” and “lack of helping tools” as most demanding. Independent factors associated with CTC were being a native doctor, Beta 3.9, p<0.01, and high levels of work-home stress, Beta 0.29, p<0.05.ConclusionsNative doctors training in psychiatry report higher levels of transcultural clinical challenges than foreign doctors do. Both groups of doctors may need more training in transcultural assessment of psychotic disorders. They also report needs for more helping tools, and we should explore this further.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Neoliberalism and mental health education

In 2017, the Departments of Health and Education in the United Kingdom initiated a national mental health agenda that includes new curriculum interventions and mandatory training courses for teachers. While the stated goal is to support children and young people with mental health difficulties, there are deeper economic and political forces driving these policy decisions. Both the underlying socio-structural causes of mental health problems and the conception of schools as ‘optimal’ sites for mental health support can be understood adequately only against the backdrop of neoliberalism. To make my case, I focus specifically on the ‘Government Response to the Consultation on Transforming Children and Young People's Mental Health Provision’, which discusses public feedback on the proposed initiative. An examination of this response reveals that the initiative contributes to the responsibilisation of young people and their families, neglects underlying economic sources of distress and ignores how neoliberalism fosters mindsets and social orientations that contribute to widespread anxiety and depression.

درجة ممارسة مديرات المدارس الابتدائية بمدينة مکة المکرمة لأدوارهن في تنمية الموهبة ( الـمعيقات وسُبل التغلب عليها )

درجة ممارسة مديرات المدارس الابتدائية بمدينة مکة المکرمة لأدوارهن في تنمية الموهبة ( الـمعيقات وسُبل التغلب عليها )

The theoretical basis of a nationally implemented type 2 diabetes prevention programme: how is the programme expected to produce changes in behaviour?

BackgroundIt is considered best practice to provide clear theoretical descriptions of how behaviour change interventions should produce changes in behaviour. Commissioners of the National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS-DPP) specified that the four independent provider organisations must explicitly describe the behaviour change theory underpinning their interventions. The nationally implemented programme, launched in 2016, aims to prevent progression to Type 2 diabetes in high-risk adults through changing diet and physical activity behaviours. This study aimed to: (a) develop a logic model describing how the NHS-DPP is expected to work, and (b) document the behaviour change theories underpinning providers’ NHS-DPP interventions.MethodsA logic model detailing how the programme should work in changing diet and activity behaviours was extracted from information in three specification documents underpinning the NHS-DPP. To establish how each of the four providers expected their interventions to produce behavioural changes, information was extracted from their programme plans, staff training materials, and audio-recorded observations of mandatory staff training courses attended in 2018. All materials were coded using Michie and Prestwich’s Theory Coding Scheme.ResultsThe NHS-DPP logic model included information provision to lead to behaviour change intentions, followed by a self-regulatory cycle including action planning and monitoring behaviour. None of the providers described an explicit logic model of how their programme will produce behavioural changes. Two providers stated their programmes were informed by the COM-B (Capability Opportunity Motivation – Behaviour) framework, the other two described targeting factors from multiple theories such as Self-Regulation Theory and Self-Determination Theory. All providers cited examples of proposed links between some theoretical constructs and behaviour change techniques (BCTs), but none linked all BCTs to specified constructs. Some discrepancies were noted between the theory described in providers’ programme plans and theory described in staff training.ConclusionsA variety of behaviour change theories were used by each provider. This may explain the variation between providers in BCTs selected in intervention design, and the mismatch between theory described in providers’ programme plans and staff training. Without a logic model describing how they expect their interventions to work, justification for intervention contents in providers’ programmes is not clear.

The Fidelity of Training in Behaviour Change Techniques to Intervention Design in a National Diabetes Prevention Programme

BackgroundThe National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS-DPP) is a behavioural intervention for people identified as high risk for developing type 2 diabetes that has been rolled out across England. The present study evaluates whether the four commercial providers of the NHS-DPP train staff to deliver behaviour change technique (BCT) content with fidelity to intervention plans.MethodOne set of mandatory training courses across the four NHS-DPP providers (seven courses across 13 days) was audio-recorded, and all additional training materials used were collected. Recordings and training materials were coded for BCT content using the BCT Taxonomy v1. BCTs and depth of training (e.g. instruction, demonstration, practice) of BCT content was checked against providers’ intervention plans.ResultsTen trainers and 78 trainees were observed, and 12 documents examined. The number of unique BCTs in audio recordings and associated training materials ranged from 19 to 44 across providers, and staff were trained in 53 unique BCTs across the whole NHS-DPP. Staff were trained in 66% of BCTs that were in intervention plans, though two providers trained staff in approximately half of BCTs to be delivered. The most common way that staff were trained in BCT delivery was through instruction. Training delivery style (e.g. experiential versus educational) varied between providers.ConclusionObserved training evidences dilution from providers’ intervention plans. NHS-DPP providers should review their training to ensure staff are trained in all key intervention components, ensuring thorough training of BCTs (e.g. demonstrating and practicing how to deliver) to enhance BCT delivery.

Evaluation of Montenegrin Seafarer's Awareness of Cyber Security

Topics on maritime cyber security have undoubtedly been attracting great public attention in recent days. The reasons are rapidly evolving computing technologies and digitalization in maritime sector. A successful cyber-attack may have catastrophic consequences and a harmful impact on people, properties or marine environment. In addition to numerous factors that pave the way for a successful cyber-attack on ships, human errors are also in the limelight as they are notorious sources of cyber-attacks today. In this research paper, the authors examine Montenegrin seafarers’ level of familiarisation with current cyber-security risks by conducting a structured survey questionnaire. After thoroughly analysing the collected answers, the authors realise that the respondents have an insufficient level of cyber-security knowledge and awareness. Lastly, using the quantitative risk assessment method, the authors propose the best practices for maritime cyber security in the form of implementation of mandatory training course.

The Fun Factor: Does Serious Gaming Affect the Volume of Voluntary Laparoscopic Skills Training?

BackgroundThe availability of validated laparoscopic simulators has not resulted in sustainable high-volume training. We investigated whether the validated laparoscopic serious game Underground would increase voluntary training by residents. We hypothesized that by removing intrinsic barriers and extrinsic barriers, residents would spend more time on voluntary training with Underground compared to voluntary training with traditional simulators.MethodsAfter 1 year, we compared amount of voluntary time spent on playing Underground to time spent on all other laparoscopic training modalities and to time spent on performing laparoscopic procedures in the OR for all surgical residents. These data were compared to resident’ time spent on laparoscopic activities over the prior year before the introduction of Underground.ResultsFrom March 2016 until March 2017, 63 residents spent on average 20 min on voluntary serious gaming, 17 min on voluntary simulator training, 2 h and 44 min on mandatory laparoscopic training courses, and 14 h and 49 min on laparoscopic procedures in the OR. Voluntary activities represented 3% of laparoscopic training activities which was similar in the prior year wherein fifty residents spent on average 33 min on voluntary simulator training, 3 h and 28 min on mandatory laparoscopic training courses, and 11 h and 19 min on laparoscopic procedures.ConclusionSerious gaming has not increased total voluntary training volume. Underground did not mitigate intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to voluntary training. Mandatory, scheduled training courses remain needed. Serious gaming is flexible and affordable and could be an important part of such training courses.

High-Risk, Low-Volume: Evaluation of a Reusable Cricothyrotomy Model in Paramedic Difficult Airway Training

High-Risk, Low-Volume: Evaluation of a Reusable Cricothyrotomy Model in Paramedic Difficult Airway Training

High Risk, Low Volume: Evaluation of a Reusable Cricothyrotomy Model in a Paramedic Difficult Airway Training Course

ObjectiveCricothyrotomy is rarely performed by prehospital providers. Developing this low-frequency, high-acuity skill and maintaining competence is difficult; thus, using a realistic training model is paramount to successful training. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 3-dimensional–printed bleeding cricothyrotomy trainer in increasing paramedic comfort level and procedural competence as defined by completing the procedure unassisted without error. MethodsModel implementation took place during mandatory biannual difficult airway training courses for all paramedics employed by a hospital-based ambulance agency. Participating paramedics performed 3 surgical cricothyrotomies using the bleeding trainer and subsequently completed an anonymous written survey that evaluated the comfort level of providers in performing a surgical cricothyrotomy both before and after training using a 10-point visual analog scale. ResultsForty-four paramedics participated in the difficult airway training course. All (44/44) completed the postsurvey. Participants noted that their procedural skill comfort level improved after the training took place (average improvement of 3 ± 1.93). Participants also indicated that the high-fidelity trainer played a significant role in their increased comfort after skills training. ConclusionThe bleeding cricothyrotomy model evaluated provides a high-fidelity, cost-effective means of teaching and maintaining a rare, lifesaving skill that is rarely performed in the field.

Knowledge of general practitioners on dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional, questionnaire study from Hungary

ABSTRACTGeneral practitioners (GPs) play a pivotal role in dementia recognition, yet research suggests that dementia often remains undetected in primary care. Lack of knowledge might be a major contributing factor to low recognition rates. Our objective was to address a gap in the scientific literature by exploring GPs’ knowledge on dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for the first time in Hungary by conducting a cross-sectional, questionnaire study among practicing GPs. Recruitment of the participants (n = 402) took place at mandatory postgraduate training courses and at national GP-conferences; the applied questionnaire was self-administered and contained both open-ended and fixed-response questions.Results showed that GPs highlighted vascular and metabolic factors (38.3% of the answer items) and unhealthy lifestyle (29.1% of the answer items) as dementia risk factors. They perceived vascular dementia as the most common dementia form, followed by Alzheimer’s disease. Almost half of the respondents (44.9%) were not familiar with MCI. Most GPs identified memory problems (98.4%) and personality change (83.2%) as the leading symptoms of dementia.In summary, GPs demonstrated adequate knowledge on areas more relevant to their practices and scope of duties (risk and preventive factors, main types and symptoms of dementia); however, uncertainties were uncovered regarding epidemiology, MCI, and pharmacological therapy. As only one-fifth (19.4%) of the GPs could participate recently in dementia-focused trainings, continued education might be beneficial to improve dementia detection rates in primary care.

Healthy Living: when engaging people makes a difference. Evidences from an experiment with teenagers in Tuscany

Introduction: According to a recent definition of integrated health service that collocates people into a continuum of services throughout their entire life-course (1),the prevention of chronic diseases is especially important at an early life-stage. However, the prevalence of obesity among adolescents reveals that often, by appointing adults as advice delivers, public campaigns stumble in promoting health among young people. In contrast, the identification of populations’ and individuals’ needs and the work in partnership with them are crucial (2, 3). In this paper, we present the results of assigning a group of students, involved in a large-scale participatory survey(‘beFood’), with the responsibility of informing their peers about healthy lifestyles. Methods: A peer educational model, teenagers-driven, was used. Fifty 16/17-year-old Tuscan students were involved in this two-phases project. In the initial phase, during the mandatory training course, students were: informed about healthy lifestyle with a collaborative approach; trained about possible ways to communicate healthy conducts; and directly involved in research co-production, which included the validation of a questionnaire thought to investigate youth lifestyles, and in the development of a webAPP by means of which they personally conducted the survey. In the second phase, they had the responsibility of informing their peers on healthy behaviours, delivering the questionnaire. Results: The initiative proved to be fruitful in two respects: a large number of responses (n=5029) was gathered in a peer-to-peer approach and, more importantly, the process of education, activation and engagement of the adolescents produced fertile terrain for their empowerment and evolution into trained 'testimonials and instructors'. The students improved their behaviours (54% eating; 48% physical activity). In playing the role of ‘influencers’ (40% high or very high influence), a large part of them took the initiative to advice people about healthier lifestyles (26% about nutrition; 22% about physical activity). Conclusions: The fifty students acted as powerful testimonials and ‘change agents’. This experience demonstrated that, if adequately supported and engaged, message recipients can modify their lifestyle-related behaviours and become effective producers and providers of health-related information to their peers. Lessons learned: An effective strategy of health promotion and prevention should be based on a direct involvement, activation and empowerment of individuals, as active partners in the design, planning and delivery of health-related initiatives. Healthcare professionals and providers should support (younger) people in actively undertaking learning processes that may lead to the responsibility for their health, to the adoption of healthy behaviours and to the sponsorship of these latter. The delivery of health promotion services should be integrated and centred on people, by introducing inter-sectoral actions and partnerships with individuals.

Differentiation Potential of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblast Cell in Early, Middle and Late Passages

Stem cell-based regenerative therapies are an exciting and emerging field in medicine and dentistry. Since the 1960s, stem cell therapies have been successfully performed and approved in the form of bone marrow transplants and more recently, in skin and corneal grafting. However, the field of regenerative cell therapy has somewhat come to a halt due to safety, ethical and legal concerns associated with medical and scientific practices. In Australia, stem cell therapies, besides those mentioned above, are permitted provided that they are autologous in nature and that the procedure is performed by or under the supervision of a registered medical practitioner in a single treatment. However, the medical practitioner requires no formal stem cell training. We have identified this deficiency in optimal patient care and propose that education in the safe, legal and ethical delivery of stem cell treatments be part of a mandatory training course for medical/dental practitioners and the scientific team prior to the clinical use of stem cell therapies in Australia, and arguably, on a global scale. This involves the scientific and medical team having a sound understanding of the biology of stem cells, their appropriate applications and basic validation and laboratory techniques in order to provide effective and safe treatment for improved patient outcomes. As such, this article aims to propose a frame-work of scientific guidelines for dental and medical practitioners to undertake stem cell therapies.

Laboratory Training Guidelines for Clinicians Undertaking Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell-based regenerative therapies are an exciting and emerging field in medicine and dentistry. Since the 1960s, stem cell therapies have been successfully performed and approved in the form of bone marrow transplants and more recently, in skin and corneal grafting. However, the field of regenerative cell therapy has somewhat come to a halt due to safety, ethical and legal concerns associated with medical and scientific practices. In Australia, stem cell therapies, besides those mentioned above, are permitted provided that they are autologous in nature and that the procedure is performed by or under the supervision of a registered medical practitioner in a single treatment. However, the medical practitioner requires no formal stem cell training. We have identified this deficiency in optimal patient care and propose that education in the safe, legal and ethical delivery of stem cell treatments be part of a mandatory training course for medical/dental practitioners and the scientific team prior to the clinical use of stem cell therapies in Australia, and arguably, on a global scale. This involves the scientific and medical team having a sound understanding of the biology of stem cells, their appropriate applications and basic validation and laboratory techniques in order to provide effective and safe treatment for improved patient outcomes. As such, this article aims to propose a frame-work of scientific guidelines for dental and medical practitioners to undertake stem cell therapies.

VET Again: Now as a VET Teacher

In 2010, a mandatory teacher training course was introduced for new vocational college teachers in Denmark. Since then, all vocational teachers have to complete the same course, regardless of practical work experience and educational background. After completion, they apply the knowledge to a very specific practice (i.e. teaching within a specific vocational field at a specific type of college). Thus, individual teachers experience different ‘learning trajectories’, depending on the vocational field and place of employment. They amass different experiences, including going back to school, just like newly enrolled students at a vocational college. This paper is based on empirical data from a qualitative study. It examines the learning trajectories of vocational teachers who choose to return to vocational colleges as VET teachers. Based on the analyses of two cases, we discuss the consequences for teachers’ pedagogical practice at vocational colleges and its potential for solving various challenges that colleges face.

Physical Fitness, Body Composition And Quality Of Life Among Brazilian Police Recruits

Policing is a dangerous activity with intense physical and psychological demands that might impact police officers (PO) quality of life. PURPOSE: To evaluate physical fitness (PF), body composition (BC) and the quality of life (QL) among Brazilian male military police officer recruits. METHODS: Participants were 219 male PO recruits of a northern state of Brazil engaged on a mandatory 6-month training course before admission in the Police Department. The course is a 6-month full-time activity that includes 3 sessions of physical training/week and other police tasks. During the early part of the course, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength (MS) were evaluated by means of the Cooper running test (CRF), curl up, pull up and push up tests (MS). BC was evaluated by BMI, body fat percentage (BF% - Jackson & Pollock 3 skin fold) and waist circumference (WC). In the same evaluation, QL was assessed by the WHOQOL-Bref, that ascertains the QL in four domains: physical, psychological, social, and environmental. We compared the QL by BMI categories (normal vs overweight+obese) using Mann-Whitney test. We also evaluated the correlation between PF tests and QL (Spearman test), always applying 5% level of significance. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) PO age and BMI were 25.5±3.6 years and 24.4±2.5 kg/m2. PO showed high level of PF and reduced QL (Table 1). There was no association between all PF components and all QL domains (rs<0.1, p>0.12). Using BMI, 33% of PO would be classified as overweight and 2.7% as obese, but all participants were in the normal range for BF% and WC (<20% and <94cm, respectively) CONCLUSION: We observed high levels of PF and a relatively impaired QL among young PO recruits. Contrarily to previous findings, QL was not correlated to PF which may be related to high demands during the course.Therefore, considering BF% and WC values, the adequacy of using BMI for BC evaluation in this population (young well fit PO recruits) needs further.Table 1: Descriptive values of physical fitness, BC and QL among 219 Brazilian male PO recruits

Striking the Right Balance: Police Experience, Perceptions and Use of Independent Support Persons During Interviews Involving People with Intellectual Disability.

Several jurisdictions mandate the presence of an independent support person during police interviews with vulnerable people. The current study investigated police officers' experiences and perceptions of these volunteers during interviews with people with intellectual disability(ies) (ID). The sample comprised 229 police officers who attended a mandatory firearms training course in Melbourne, Australia, in 2010. Participants commonly reported utilizing independent support persons and displayed a fair understanding of their role. Overall, volunteers were engaged more frequently than family/friends; police considered the volunteers to be more impartial during interviews, whereas family/friends provided a greater level of emotional support to interviewees. Independent support persons need to demonstrate two quite different types of support to people with intellectual disability(ies) during police interviews; these require quite different skill sets and suggest the need for more tailored training and support for these volunteers. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

Profile of Eye Injury-Related Risk Factors in an Urban Area, Ahvaz, Iran

Background: Eye trauma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. A variety of risk factors can cause eye trauma. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the risk factors leading to mechanical eye injuries for planning a blindness prevention program in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 9,855 patients with ocular trauma who were reviewed at inpatient or outpatient settings in the ophthalmology clinic at Imam Khomeini hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, from March 2009 to March 2010. Data collection was performed by an ophthalmologist. Results: Males (8,593 patients) were more likely to have eye trauma than females (1,262). The mean age for the outpatient cases was 20.3 � 16.39 years and for the inpatient cases it was 22.7 � 18.95 years. The workplace was the most common site for trauma and the cornea was the most reported anatomically injured site. For those patients who had not used safety and protection equipment, 93.1% were referred to the outpatient setting and 95.7% to the inpatient setting. Conclusions: The risk factors found in this study are preventable in many situations. Preventive strategies such as increasing societal awareness, mandatory training courses for using protective eyewear, and early intervention following an injury could decrease the burden of eye trauma in Ahvaz, Iran. Keywords: Eye Injuries, Eye, Risk Factors, Occupation