Mandatory Skills Research Articles

“Bring your worst”: Residents' perspectives on video review of challenging patient communication as a learning tool

ObjectiveTo investigate residents' experiences recording and receiving feedback on a challenging video of a patient encounter. Methods: We used a qualitative design with first year residents who took part in a mandatory communication skills course in which all participants were asked to bring a challenging video of a patient encounter. The methods consisted of brief reflection texts and focus groups related to their perspectives on the use of challenging videos. Results: 106 residents wrote brief reflection texts, and 13 residents participated in four focus groups. Residents mainly expressed positive experiences with the challenging video exercise. Residents reported that the pressure to perform was felt to be less than on previous teaching sessions because the focus was on choosing an encounter which was less than perfect. They also reported that they appreciated the opportunity to see that other doctors were not performing optimally. Conclusion: The use of challenging videos as a teaching method for communication skills was experienced as encouraging by residents and facilitated enhanced learning. InnovationWe recommend adding more focus on challenging situations in video review. This could support learning by providing what our participants found to be a less daunting learning environment.

Basic life support training: Is student confidence enhanced by advanced levels of simulation?

Basic life support (BLS) is a mandatory skill for nurses. The confidence of the BLS provider should be enhanced by regular training. Traditionally, BLS training has used low-fidelity manikins, but more recent studies have suggested the use of high-fidelity manikins and alternative levels of simulation such as virtual reality. A quasi-experimental study including 125 nursing students. Data on confidence levels in various elements of BLS were collected using pre-validated questionnaires and analysed using SPSSv23. The study revealed that high-fidelity simulation had a significant impact on the BLS learner's confidence levels. The study identified the importance of high-fidelity simulation in BLS training in preparing students for clinical practice. This highlights the need for further exploration of simulation technologies, such as virtual reality, to enable students to gain the knowledge, skills, confidence and competence required to enable safe and effective practice.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

The relevance of the topic is revealed through the definition of the essence of professional and personal development of future social workers. The author indicates the stages of professional development of an individual, defining this process as long and dynamic at the same time, which involves the individual passing through seven stages: growth; clarification; stages of professional adaptation and stabilization; stages of development of professionalism and pseudo-professionalism; as well as the final stage of post-professionalism. Among the mandatory qualities and skills of a social worker are the following: empathy, psychological competence, delicacy and tact, humanity, mercy, the presence of organizational and communicative abilities, as well as spiritual and moral culture. The article focuses on interactive training of students studying social work, it is indicated that training can be a successful form of training for modern students. Conducting classes in the form of training will allow classroom learning to be brought closer to situations, the course of which can be practiced practically. Training work, as the author emphasizes, has its advantages due to the fact that group interaction of students will allow them to acquire new skills. The training will enable experimentation with different styles of relationships among equal partners, which will be positive in gaining professional experience for the future social worker. It is emphasized that the group is an imprint of society in miniature, where participants in different ways gain the experience of identifying themselves with other people.

Exploring the correlation between attendance and academic performance in physiology among phase 1st MBBS students: A comprehensive study

: Regular attendance is a fundamental component of professionalism, especially in the context of medical schools. It involves consistently being present at a designated location and plays a crucial role in fostering the exploration of diverse skills deemed essential in the contemporary scientific landscape. Recent medical literature underscores a clear and mutually beneficial link between medical student attendance and academic achievement, particularly within the framework of the Competency-based curriculum introduced by the National Medical Commission (NMC). This curriculum prioritizes the development of necessary competence through mandatory clinical contact and skills. Despite the mandate imposed by medical universities, absenteeism remains a significant challenge in medical schools. University policies outline specific expectations, including reporting times, allowed break durations, and daily expected working hours, approved by the College Committee across all campuses. Emphasizing the importance of learning activities, the NMC requires attendance for all assessments, ranging from exams and Readiness Assurance Tests (RATs) to quizzes and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at GMC Baramulla and its associated hospitals. A total of 198 students from the 2019–20 batches of the first year MBBS, who participated in all internal assessments for both theory and practicals, were included in this study.: The retrospective observational study involved retrieving attendance and theory plus practical marks from all internal assessments conducted on 198 students of 2019–20 batches of first-year MBBS. Two groups were established on attendance: Group A < 75% theory and < 80% in practicals, and Group B > 75% in theory and > 80% in practicals, The mean marks were compared with their attendance. Karl Pearson correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the strength of the association between the two. Correlation studies were conducted based on gender and residence (hosteller vs. non-hosteller), revealing that female students and non-hostellers exhibited higher attendance and scores in both internal assessments and university examinations. Significantly higher marks in internal assessment and University examination were observed in students with high attendance percentage both in theory and practical’s.: There was a significant positive association between attendance and the performance of students in both theory and practical aspects of physiology among Phase 1st MBBS students.

Impact of Point of Care Ultrasound Rotation on Single Saudi Emergency Medicine Program, Longitudinal Prospective Study.

Background: Emergency ultrasound (EUS) has become an essential component of patient care and a mandatory skill for emergency medicine (EM) residents. Since 2001, major EM organizations have released guidelines mandating the integration of bedside ultrasonography into EM practice. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the ultrasound knowledge of emergency residents and their progress by conducting a survey before and after their EUS rotation. Method: This longitudinal prospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to investigate the improvement in knowledge, interpretation accuracy, and clinical decision-making based on ultrasound findings. The study included first-year residents who joined the EM residency program in 2023. The research team collected data by administering a pre-test and post-test. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the participants' scores on pre-tests and post-tests to evaluate individual differences. Results: We analyzed data from 12 residents. Half of them had received ultrasound training, and half of them used ultrasound on a daily basis. Regarding the perceived barriers to ultrasound training, the most commonly reported barriers were a lack of training (75.0%) and a lack of equipment (41.7%). All of the residents under the study anticipated the use of ultrasound in their clinical practice. The mean knowledge score of the pre-rotation period was 13.8 ± 2.6, whereas the mean post-rotation score was 17.3 ± 1.6. There was a significant increase in the knowledge score from the pre- to the post-rotation period (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study has highlighted the significant benefits of the EUS rotation, including increased confidence in using ultrasound as a diagnostic tool and an enriched educational experience. EUS rotation provides residents with the hands-on experience they need to become proficient in image acquisition, interpretation, and the clinical application of these findings.

Exploration of resilience in midwifery students

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Resilience is considered a vital characteristic and has gained attention in midwifery practice and education. In particular, midwifery students face challenges during their education in both the academic and clinical components of the program. The clinical component of midwifery education is equally demanding. Students work in actual healthcare settings, providing care to expectant mothers and infants. They face the emotional and physical demands of long hours, the need for excellent communication skills, and exposure to complex clinical situations. Resilience enables them to stay composed in high-stress situations and learn from both successes and failures.</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives: </em></strong><em>to offer a complete picture of the recent research on the resilience of midwifery students</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong><em>This study's methodology is a scoping review using the prism-ScR checklist, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool, and a PEOs framework. It makes use of four databases— Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest —and its inclusion criteria are original English articles that can be accessed in full text between 2019 and 2023.</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong><em>Out of 168 publications, we found 10 that are pertinent to the research goals. Qualitative research, cross-sectional studies, and mixed methods studies make up the research. The mapping result includes four themes: Caring, Support, Bounce back, Critical Reflective Skills, A Mandatory skill set, and Burnout.</em><em></em></p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong><em>Empathy, resilience, professional identity, perceived concern from peers, and recognition of caring as a prerequisite for the midwifery profession were factors strongly associated with humanistic caring ability. These factors should be incorporated into the midwifery education agenda for agents of change. Facilitating the improvement of empathy, resilience, and professional identity will require strategic training, reinforcement, and transformative educational approaches from educators.</em>

Undergraduate Skills Training in Pandemic Times: Where Is the Future of Medical Education?

The COVID-19 pandemic forced medical programs to rapidly switch to remote teaching from scratch, impacting hands-on skills training. This study compared the efficacy of a hybrid online format to a regular in-person session for a mandatory surgical skills class. Third-year undergraduate medical students attending the surgical skills class in the winter semester of 2020/21 at the Medical University of Graz were randomly assigned to either the hybrid or in-person class, depending on their course schedule and government regulations. The hybrid class involved online videos, one-on-one peer tutoring, and an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Pre- and post-class self-assessments were conducted to evaluate their theoretical and practical knowledge of a single interrupted suture. The study included 85 students in the regular in-person class and 50 in the hybrid class. A pre-class assessment revealed higher self-assessments in the hybrid class for theoretical and practical knowledge, but a post-class assessment showed no significant difference. The advantages and disadvantages of both modalities were identified, providing valuable insights for future curriculum development. Both teaching modes were effective for undergraduate surgical skills training. This study recommends implementing positive aspects of both the hybrid and in-person formats while recognizing their respective limitations.

How Confident Are High Schoolers to Speak English: A Report on Speaking Self-Efficacy Survey

Speaking in English is one of the toughest aspects to master in acquiring the English language. This is reflected in the broad job vacancies that require English as a mandatory skill. It means that it is important to equip students with adequate English skills. However, several reports have found that many students still lack confidence in speaking. On the other hand, a well-known theory suggests that one of the prominent factors influencing learning achievement is confidence, specifically called efficacy. Students' self-efficacy level seems to be one of the prominent factors that could influence their speaking achievement. As the pandemic has transformed the learning mode back into traditional face-to-face learning, this current study was conducted to investigate students' self-efficacy level in public speaking in the post-pandemic era. The study utilized a quantitative method and employed a questionnaire adapted from Paradewari's article. The questionnaire was converted into two types, online and offline conditions, and distributed to 182 students. An independent t-test method was used to compare whether there were differences in students' self-efficacy levels in public speaking between online and offline learning. The study revealed a significant difference in the overall students' self-efficacy level (as indicated by the T-Test Result score) and the factors influencing it. It also found that offline learning had a more positive effect on students' self-efficacy in public speaking compared to online learning.

How Do We Learn About Error? A Cross-Sectional Study of Urology Trainees

This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore trainees' experiences of error disclosure (ED) during their surgical postgraduate training and the factors influencing the intention-behavior gap for ED. This study employs an interpretivist methodology and a qualitative descriptive research strategy. Data were collected using focus group interviews. Data coding was performed by the principal investigator using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis. Themes were developed from the data in a deductive manner. Analysis was carried out using NVivo 12.6.1. All participants were at various stages of an 8-year specialist program under the auspices of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The training program involves clinical work in a teaching hospital under the supervision of senior doctors in their specialist field. Trainees attend mandatory communication skills training days throughout the program. Study participants were recruited using purposive sampling from a sampling frame of 25 urology trainees on a national training scheme. Eleven trainees participated in the study. Participants' stage of training ranged from first to final year. Seven key themes emerged from the data relating to the trainees' experiences of error disclosure and the intention-behavior gap for ED. These themes include observed positive and negative practice in the workplace, impact of stage of training, importance of interpersonal interactions, perceived blame/responsibility for multifactorial error or recognized complication, lack of formal training in ED, cultural aspects of the training environment and medicolegal issues around ED. While trainees recognize the importance of ED, personal psychological factors, negative environmental culture, and medicolegal concerns are significant barriers to the practice of ED. A training environment that focuses on role-modelling and experiential learning with adequate time for reflection and debriefing is paramount. Areas for further research include broadening the scope of this study of ED across different medical and surgical subspecialties.

Analysis Of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of Elementary School Teacher Education Students In Developing Merdeka Curriculum Lesson Plans

The change in the curriculum demands that students as prospective teachers must be able to master all components of the curriculum. One of the mandatory skills to possess is the ability to develop teaching materials. Initial observation indicates that students still have difficulty understanding the content and technology integration in the independent curriculum, even though TPACK is the main capital that teachers must possess in the 21st century. This research aims to describe the TPACK abilities of students in developing teaching materials for the independent curriculum. This study is qualitative research. The subjects of this study are 21 fourth-semester PGSD UNISBA students. Data collection is conducted through observation, interviews, field notes, and documentation. The results of the study show that the TPACK abilities of students in developing independent curriculum teaching materials are: TK component with a good percentage of 81%, CK component 76%, PK component 71%, PCK component 57%, TPK component 67%, and TCK component 57%. The ability of students to develop teaching materials for the independent curriculum shows that their PCK and TCK abilities are constrained by their low understanding of the process and principles of the independent curriculum

GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS AS A COMPONENT OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR AN EDUCATIONAL DISCIPLINE

The article discusses the importance of creating and using quality educational and methodological materials for organizing the educational process. Guidelines for teachers are one of the mandatory components of information support for an academic discipline, designed to help educators standardise and systematise the requirements for the mandatory knowledge, skills, and abilities that students should master in class, as well as use effective forms, methods, and means of learning. The article proposes basic indicative requirements for the structure and content of the manual.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT involvement in orthopaedic research activities, the good, the bad, and the Ugly

Abstract “Scientific writing is a mandatory skill for most researchers, and orthoapedic surgeons are no exception. However, improvement of the writing quality could be achieved using some assistive tools. The most recent ones involve using artificial intelligence (AI), specifically ChatGPT. Although it seems appealing for improving scientific writing and assisting non-native English speakers, its usage is still not well regulated, and ethical issues were raised regarding the misuse of these tools in the scientific research and writing process. Strict regulations controlling the involvement of these tools are still needed, and their judicious and honest utilization is mainly dependent on the researchers themselves.”

Digital Communications: Reference Competence Frameworks and Education Policies

Digital communications are part of the mandatory knowledge and skills that determine the degree of readiness for professional realization today. At the same time, they are an indispensable condition for social inclusion and an increasingly distinct indicator in determining the degree of development of modern societies. The article reviews the different reference frameworks of knowledge, skills, and competences in the field of digital communications, media literacy, new communication technologies, as well as the policies of the European Union in this area. The different reference frameworks can be used as a reliable tool by educational institutions to increase media literacy in general, but also to create a mechanism for more specialized professional education in the field of communications, especially in journalism, PR, and communication management.

Application of Think Talk Write (TTW) Learning Model to Improve Students' Communication Skills

Communication skills are one of the mandatory skills that students must master for the development of the 21st century. The use of innovative learning models can also help students to understand the concept of material. The purpose of this study was to improve the communication skills of class X SMK students on the material of the atomic structure and the periodic table of elements by using the Think Talk Write (TTW) learning model. The research subjects used were students of class X Pharmacy in the academic year 2022/2023. Research data used on communication skills through observation sheets and study documentation and for learning outcomes used through description tests for pretest and posttest. The data analysis used was quantitative with a quasi-experimental design research type. The results showed that there was an increase in communication skills through observation sheets with an average value of 80.96 in the high category and documentation studies with an average value of 73.21 including the high category. The use of the Discovery Learning model showed that the students' communication skills had increased with an average score of 76.44 on the observation sheet in the high category and the study of documentation with an average value of 70.12 was included in the high category. The conclusion was that the application of the Think Talk Write (TTW) learning model was more effective than the application of the Discovery Learning model, so the researchers recommend to use this learning model to help improve students' communication skills

Foreign Workers’ Recruitment and Reconsideration of Crucial Factors: A Sequential Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study of Migrant Labourers in Malaysia

Malaysia has witnessed an influx of foreign workers, mainly due to its rapidly expanding economy. However, low-skilled or uneducated migrants prevail in the labour market, which places immense pressure on the Malaysian economy. This study aimed to identify some crucial factors related to foreign workers requiring reconsideration at the recruitment phase. It was a sequential exploratory mixed-method study. Data were collected using qualitative (in-depth interviews) and quantitative (face-to-face surveys) methods. The study found that some recruitment factors should be reassessed, such as fixing the minimum educational qualification at the recruitment level, mandatory skill tests and compulsory pre-departure training for selected workers. The findings of this study will help in redesigning foreign worker recruitment policies. Moreover, the results will also assist in guiding the sustainable enhancement of workforce contributions to society and the Malaysian economy.

Teacher’s Perspective in Teaching Reading Comprehension Using Reciprocal Strategy

The Indonesian government has determined that English is a compulsory subject in junior high schools, senior high schools, and universities. English in junior high school includes four mandatory skills: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. In the teaching process, teachers are expected to be perfect. The teacher must be "perfect"; it means they have to be active, creative, innovative, interesting, and achievers so that students can focus on the lessons in class. However, most students have difficulty learning English, especially reading or understanding texts. This research was conducted with the aim of describing the Teacher's Perspective in Teaching Reading Comprehension Using a Reciprocal Strategy. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 Jabon using qualitative methods, data obtained from interviews and observations. The subject in this study is an English teacher at SMPN 1 Jabon. The results of this study indicate that mastery of good learning strategies is an important component of education in supporting the professional duties of teachers as educators. Teachers use reciprocal teaching as a strategy in their learning. Reciprocal strategies can improve students' reading comprehension because students know the essence of what they read globally. In addition, the teacher can also assist students in understanding the meaning contained in the reading text material that has been explained during the reading class.

Postgraduate Psychiatry Training Programme in Morocco

AimsThe field of psychiatry in Morocco has grown significantly since the 1970s, from less than 10 psychiatrists to the current number of around 400. The increased number of practising psychiatrists has enabled the expansion of local residency training programmes, which has been set up since 1974 to cater for the population needs of more than 36 million population of Morocco. This study is aimed to describe the current medical educational approach of the Moroccan postgraduate psychiatry training programme.MethodsThis descriptive medical educational study was based on official training documents and interviews with local faculty members involved in the training.ResultsThe entry requirement of the four-year Moroccan postgraduate psychiatry residency programme includes the completion of 1 year of foundation training and passing the entrance examination consisting of psychiatric semiology and pharmacology. The postgraduate residency programme is run by the local universities in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and accredited by the Moroccan government. Trainees have the option of taking up a voluntary or contractual position with the government or University Hospitals. All trainees will go through 34 months of general adult outpatient and inpatient, while liaison psychiatry training starts from the second year until the end of the training. On top of the core rotation, a trainee can opt for two months in old age and neuropsychiatry postings. Child and adolescent rotation is currently not available. Addiction psychiatry training is optional and can be done through a university diploma. The 4th year is a 12-month elective posting in any discipline that is relevant to psychiatry, which can be done either locally or abroad. Teaching methodologies involve lectures, seminars, ward rounds, case conferences, journal clubs, and skill training workshops. Formative assessments included case-based discussions and mini-clinical evaluation exercise. There are multiple high stakes summative assessments at year 1, year 2, year 3, and year 4. The summative assessment strategies includes modified essay question, clinical short case and long case. Viva voce is used to assess competency in research. Different mandatory skill competencies include electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapy, and research.ConclusionThe advancement of local postgraduate psychiatry residency training in Morocco has improved the access of local trainees to quality training. Similar to other developing countries, Morocco requires more psychiatrists to improve the psychiatrists to population ratio so that the mental service can become more accessible to the local population.

Role of Sustainable Development Goals in Combating Youth Unemployment: A Case Study of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria

Globally, inequality has persisted with especially the youths excluded from full participation in economic, political and social activities. Relatedly, youth unemployment has been known to undermine economies, threaten the peace and destabilize communities, if unchecked. This study investigates youth unemployment, using the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria, as a case study; with a randomly selected sample size of 1,000 unemployed persons, in the 18–49-year-old age group. It examines the causes of youth unemployment as well as levels of awareness of the UN’s SDG-4 (Quality Education) and SDG-8 (Decent Work) in the working-age population, and the roles of these SDGs and government in combatting unemployment. Frequency and average-mean descriptive statistics of the factors causing youth unemployment indicated low levels of education, lack of employable skills and experience, and poor policies, etc., as predominant causative factors. Regarding the SDGs, the results revealed a low level of awareness and attainment in the population sampled. Education is central to achieving the SDGs; which can, in turn, mitigate unemployment and impel decent work. The introduction of private sector-driven, government-initiated mandatory one-year skills acquisition and developmental schemes for the youths as well as the provision of soft loans for participants to facilitate entrepreneurial ventures are recommended to reduce youth unemployment and promote economic development.

Self-efficacy impact of the Mini-CEX among nursing students in North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Background: Mini-CEX is a popular workplace exam that includes direct observation and a feedback conversation. This evaluation occurs in a workplace setting as part of the daily work. Self-efficacy is a mandatory soft skill for nursing students during an internship. Therefore, this study aims to identify the effect of Mini-CEX on self-efficacy among these students.Design and methods:A quasi-experiment design was conducted with a control group. All the nursing student intents of the Sari Mutiara Indonesia University were considered as the study population. This population was then divided into one control and one intervention group of 24 and 25 students, respectively. Subsequently, data collection was carried out using general selfefficacy.Results: The results showed the self-efficacy was low in the control group (66.7%), and Mini-CEX was discovered to have a significant effect on self-efficacy among nursing students undergoing internships (p=0.000).Conclusions: The Mini-CEX was concluded to effectively increase self-efficacy among nursing students and is suggested as a mandatory method for evaluating these students. Significance for public health Nowadays nursing requires a wide set of academic and commonsense abilities, and a successful nurse must coordinate these abilities in a wide extend of healthcare settings. Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to take actions or organize and conduct the courses of action required to produce given results, in a bid to manage future situation. This is related to successful performance and is able to improve the individual's motive as well as confidence to provide nursing care in complex situations. Mini-Cex is extremely helpful for preceptors applying knowledge as well as experience and increases self-confidence of becoming like role models.

Peripheral nerve surgical competency in plastic surgery and neurosurgery residents

ObjectiveTo assess the case volume and self-perceived competence of current mandatory skills in peripheral nerve surgery. DesignCross sectional survey based study examining case volume and self-reported competence in peripheral nerve surgery. SettingCanadian Neurosurgery and Plastic Surgery accredited residency programs ParticipantsAll Canadian Neurosurgery and Plastic Surgery senior trainees (PGY 3+) invited to participate ResultsMuch variability exists in both exposure to cases and perceived senior resident competence for both plastic and neurosurgery residents. Confidence in surgical ability as perceived competency is lower in trainees for more advanced peripheral nerve procedures. Self- reported confidence increased with post-graduate experience. ConclusionsOverall, the findings in this study highlight the importance of increasing operative experience in complex peripheral nerve surgery among surgical residents.