Managers Of Pharmaceutical Companies Research Articles

The Moderating Role of Supply Chain Agility on the Relationship Between Strategic Flexibility and Organizational Market Performance in Nigerian Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry is key to the survival of the human race, but equally becoming increasingly susceptible to global disruptions. In Nigeria, records have shown that the industry is plagued with several problems, inclusive of low employee productivity, poor market share, low innovation performance, poor and marginal sales growth and low profitability, which are likely a result of a lack of strategic flexibility in the face of increasing environment turbulence and intense competition. Despite efforts from researchers, the moderating role of supply chain agility has been largely overlooked in the literature. Therefore, this study examines the moderating role of supply chain agility on the relationship between strategic flexibility (resource flexibility, coordination flexibility, proactive flexibility, reactive flexibility and futurity) and organisational performance. A survey research design was used to collect data from 642 management and senior staff employees of six pharmaceutical companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group. A total enumeration method was adopted for the study, with a well-structured adapted questionnaire, having Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients ranging from 0.725 to 0.945. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was chosen to achieve the research goal. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that strategic flexibility positively affects organizational performance (β = -0.093, p> 0.050, Q2 = 0.644). However, supply chain agility negatively moderates this effect, indicating that while agility is beneficial independently, it can counteract the positive impact of strategic flexibility when combined. The study recommended that the management of pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria should pay serious attention to strategic flexibility as an organizational capability that can enhance performance in the face of increasing uncertainties in and unpredictability nature of the business environment.

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Financial Growth of Quoted Pharmaceutical Companies in Nigeria

Pharmaceutical companies have a critical role in ensuring that people have access to high-quality and affordable medical services. They provide a wide range of healthcare offerings, including preventive care and emergency interventions. The pharmaceutical industry is complex and ever-evolving, requiring an entrepreneurial mindset and continuous value creation to maintain high levels of performance. While pharmaceutical companies contribute significantly to the social and economic well- being of individuals in both developed and developing countries, there are instances where their performance may not meet expectations, evident in declining financial growth. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study was 308 executive manager, directors and marketing department official in these quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. Data was collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha value greater than 0.7. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential tools. Multiple and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used to determine the effect of the variables using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results revealed that entrepreneurial orientation had significant effect on financial growth of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.200; F (5, 296) = 16.093, p < 0.05). The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation had significant influence on financial growth of quoted pharmaceutical companies in Nigeria. The study recommended that management of pharmaceutical companies should adopt strategies that would enable them to identify and capitalize on emerging market opportunities, as well as improving their organizational performance. Moreover, the companies should also focus on creating a culture that encourages innovation, risk-taking and pro-activeness, as well as improving their organizational agility and flexibility to enhance financial growth.

Talent Retention: A Mediator of the Relationship Between Talent Management Strategies and Succession Planning

Succession planning is becoming a focus point for discussion in business world as very few organisations are prepared with their successors for occupying the position as and when it is needed. With special reference to Indian pharmaceutical companies, where talent is critical and rare in nature, this becomes a more crucial requirement. This paper, by integrating theory of Internal Labour Market (ILM), deals with the relationship among talent identification (TID), talent development (TD), talent retention (TR), and succession planning in Indian pharmaceutical companies. A survey method was used for collecting the response of senior level managers of pharmaceutical companies located in Hyderabad, India, and the hypothetical model and structural relationships were tested via structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings of the research present that TR plays a role of mediator in the relationship of TID, TD and succession planning in organisations. This study helps pharmaceutical companies to be future ready for succession planning by using their regular talent management strategies skilfully. This study beautifully develops an empirical relationship between TID, TD, and succession planning with the mediating effect of TR. Research also brings out the theoretical importance of ILM theory. This, as per best of researchers’ knowledge, was not presented in earlier research on talent management or on succession planning.

Network interactions for pharmaceutical market access: findings from an explorative research

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate pharmaceutical market access (MA) and the interaction between the pharmaceutical company and other business and non-business actors (NBAs) involved in the MA of ethical drugs, to identify the main categories of actors, their role for MA and the content of the interaction, adopting an industrial marketing approach. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative interpretivist approach is adopted, with interviews as the primary data collection method: 36 interviews have been conducted with 16 key informants from the pharmaceutical industry. Findings The findings of this study reveal that (i) MA can be seen as a relational-driven activity with specific features owing to the highly regulated nature of the pharmaceutical industry, (ii) there is a multiplicity of business, and NBAs involved in the MA activities with whom pharmaceutical companies interact to acquire knowledge, legitimacy and make MA timely and effective, and (iii) the interaction with each category of actors has specific content. Originality/value This paper advances the debate on the marketing and management of pharmaceutical companies by emphasizing the importance of MA and the need to conceptualize it according to an industrial marketing perspective, revealing the interdependencies among actors for MA and the content of the interaction. It also contributes to the industrial marketing literature that has recently stressed the importance of NBAs as part of the extended business network of a company by identifying different categories of actors, their role in terms of knowledge and legitimization and the features and the trade-off of the extended business network in highly regulated markets.

Analysis of R&D efficiency of new biopharmaceuticals based on large-scale quantitative analysis and careful case analysis

Research on the R&D efficiency of new biopharmaceuticals is geared towards enhancing efficiencies, such as improving drug development technologies and therefore speeding up the discovery and development of new treatments. Organisation theory is one way of exploring R&D efficiency and involves studying the behaviour of organisations with a view to enhancing organisational efficiency. Professor Tetsuya Miyashige and his team at the National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Japan, are using large-scale quantitative analysis and careful case analysis to analyse the R&D efficiency of new pharmaceuticals. The goal is to contribute to the R&D management of pharmaceutical companies and to industrial economic policy for the pharmaceutical industry. A particular focus for the researcher is using biotechnology to analyse the R&D efficiency of 'antibody drug = biomedicine' in pharmaceutical companies. In collaboration with econometrician Professor Atsushi Fujii, University of Kitakyushu, Miyashige worked on the separation of R&D processes in biopharmaceutical R&D. This work involved analysing the R&D productivity of a biopharmaceutical company, with a focus on separation of the R&D processes and looking at blockbusters and biotech drugs. Another line of work involved empirically analysing the differences between blockbuster production in Japanese firms and in US/EU firms.

Analysis of R&D efficiency of new biopharmaceuticals based on large-scale quantitative analysis and careful case analysis

Research on the R&D efficiency of new biopharmaceuticals is geared towards enhancing efficiencies, such as improving drug development technologies and therefore speeding up the discovery and development of new treatments. Organisation theory is one way of exploring R&D efficiency and involves studying the behaviour of organisations with a view to enhancing organisational efficiency. Professor Tetsuya Miyashige and his team at the National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Japan, are using large-scale quantitative analysis and careful case analysis to analyse the R&D efficiency of new pharmaceuticals. The goal is to contribute to the R&D management of pharmaceutical companies and to industrial economic policy for the pharmaceutical industry. A particular focus for the researcher is using biotechnology to analyse the R&D efficiency of 'antibody drug = biomedicine' in pharmaceutical companies. In collaboration with econometrician Professor Atsushi Fujii, University of Kitakyushu, Miyashige worked on the separation of R&D processes in biopharmaceutical R&D. This work involved analysing the R&D productivity of a biopharmaceutical company, with a focus on separation of the R&D processes and looking at blockbusters and biotech drugs. Another line of work involved empirically analysing the differences between blockbuster production in Japanese firms and in US/EU firms.

A Field Study on the Impacts of Implementing Concepts and Elements of Industry 4.0 in the Biopharmaceutical Sector

This study proposes a field study, based on a literature review, about the applications and impacts of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) in the biopharmaceutical sector. The world is facing a new industrial revolution and the central idea is the integration between the virtual and the real world through elements that will allow for a greater degree of automation and digitization of processes. The production of medicines via biological processes is a booming domain in the pharmaceutical sector, that involves extraordinary technological challenges. The fieldwork, carried out between August 2019 and February 2020, involved semi-structured interviews with managers of pharmaceutical companies and specialists in the I4.0 theme. The interviews allowed for the identification of trends and key benefits and barriers for implementing I4.0 in the biopharmaceutical sector. While the perceptions were considerably diversified, benefits in productivity, competitiveness and quality ranked among the most scored items. The main barriers, highlighted by the interviewees, refer to the need to break organizational cultural standards, the regulatory requirements, the lack of organizational strategies for implementation, and the lack of qualified professionals. This work offers a contribution to the biopharmaceutical sector and reinforces the imminent need for companies to adapt to this new reality.

Intellectual Capital and Profitability: Evidence from Indian Pharmaceutical Sector

Intellectual capital (IC) has gained recognition in enhancing the firms’ value and gain competitive advantage in the developed world. Thus, it is imperative for all stakeholders to have an understanding of its impact on firms’ profitability. The present study aims to analyse the impact of intellectual capital on firms’ profitability of Indian pharmaceutical companies listed in National Stock Exchange (NSE-500) for the time period of 10 years (i.e. 2009–2018). The paper has used modified version of Pulic’s Value Added Intellectual Coefficient, i.e., M-VAIC as a proxy to measure intellectual capital and firms’ profitability as represented by ROA, ROE and EBITDA. In line to analyse the effectiveness, a balanced panel data regression technique has been used. The results of the paper indicate a significant relationship between intellectual capital and firms’ profitability. Also, it is found that human capital, relational capital and physical capital have a significant role in increasing the profitability of the firm. The analysis would help the administration and management of pharmaceutical companies in the composition and organization of intellectual capital, stakeholders in the decisions related to investment and financial specialist for enhancing intellectual capital efficiency and value creation for the firm. Human capital is found to be having a positively significant impact on firms’ profitability; their inclusion and management are suggested for the companies.

ПОЗИЦІОНУВАННЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ КОМПАНІЙ ЗАСОБАМИ PR

<div><p><em>The main emphasis is paid to the study of business social responsibility to the society. In particular, the experience of corporate social responsibility of business in the field of pharmacy on the basis of the activities of the companies «Pharmak», «Darnitsa» and «Bayer» is analyzed.</em></p></div><p><em>The essential features of the concept of «social responsibility of business» are investigated and the necessity of implementation of social responsibility in the system of strategic management of pharmaceutical companies as a necessary condition for ensuring their competitiveness is grounded. Importance of the initial formation of a correct and effective strategy for positioning of pharmaceutical companies social responsibility along with tracing its relevance, maintaining the attractiveness of the position for target consumers were accentuated.</em></p><p><em>In a scientific research it was revealed that according to European practice corporate social responsibility extends to seven areas: respect for the human rights; compliance with legal requirements; business and corporate ethics; protection of the environment; cooperation with stakeholders: employees, consumers, shareholders, the community, business entities; observance of international standards of behavior; transparency and accountability.</em></p><p><em>The study found that a basic level of a social responsibility is a necessary component of the activities of economic entities that implement this policy. Struggle for personal reputational capital is the main task of increasing the volume of goodwill for any pharmaceutical company. Pharmaceutical companies are trying to show humanization of their business, their social responsibility to society and involve all PR tools.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> positioning, corporate social responsibility of business, meansof PR, reputation capital.</em></p>

The theoretical substantiation and practical implementation of the HR marketing concept in pharmacy

Aim. To generalize the theoretical aspects and mechanisms of marketing concept implementation in personnel management at pharmaceutical enterprises and define the essence and the content of the term “personnel marketing in pharmacy”.Materials and methods. To achieve this aim, methods of logical-content formation of the problem, desk marketing research and content analysis of the information sources regarding the marketing concept in personnel management were used.Results. The paper has substantiated the feasibility of applying the marketing approach in managing the personnel of pharmaceutical enterprises. Generalization of theoretical and methodological aspects of the personnel marketing concept has been conducted; the main approaches to its interpretation have been determined. It has been suggested to use the term “personnel marketing in pharmacy” in the sphere of labor management of pharmaceutical companies, the formulations of this term and definition of basic principles, tasks and functions are given. The factors affecting the development of the personnel marketing concept of pharmaceutical organizations have been determined. The role and importance of personnel marketing in regulating the relations between the subjects of the labor market in the field of pharmacy have been shown.Conclusions. The introduction of the personnel marketing concept as a holistic system in the management of the personnel policy of pharmaceutical enterprises will help to increase the effectiveness of organizations and strengthen their positions in a competitive environment by optimizing staffing.

The effect of talent management and emotional intelligence on organizational performance: Applied study on pharmaceutical industry in Jordan

This paper studies the impact of talent management on organizational performance in Jordanian pharmaceutical companies and evaluates the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between talent management and organizational performance. A survey was distributed among managers of pharmaceutical companies in Jordan, and 1125 responses were collected. The respondent sample was constructed using random stratified sampling. The PLS-SEM was used to test the hypothesized relationships of the model. The study result revealed positive relationships between (1) talent management and organizational performance, (2) talent management and emotional intelligence, and (3) emotional intelligence and organizational performance. Employing PLS path modelling to evaluate the structural model is highly original. The paper emphasizes the importance of emotional intelligence as a mediator of the relationship between talent management and organizational performance in the pharmaceutical industry of Jordan.

Impact of Pharmaceutical Advertisement on Doctor’s Prescription Behavior With Reference to Educational Qualification of Doctor

This study was conducted to develop a simple framework for finding out the impact of the different kinds of promotional tools offered by pharmaceutical industry on the prescribing behavior of doctors. Moreover the study also focused on whether the perception of physicians towards various promotional tools is different with respect to qualification of doctors. Pharmaceutical advertisement is effected by various variables which have different extent of impact. Qualification of doctor is also one of the variable in which there is a difference in impact of advertisement when compared with different dimensions. ANOVA is applied on the data to check whether difference exists in impact of advertisement perceived by education of doctors among all the dimensions. Pharmaceutical marketing is unique as the decision making of buying the medicine lies in the hand of intermediate customer (doctor) rather than final consumer (patient). Thus, pharmaceutical companies try to influence the customer (doctor) rather than final consumer (patient). Thus doctors are the most important players in pharmaceutical marketing system. Doctors write the prescriptions that determine which drugs (brands) will be used by the consumer (patient). Thus, influencing the doctor is a key to the pharmaceutical sales. Pharmaceutical companies try to influence prescription pattern of doctors in favor of their brands by offering various kinds of promotional inputs like samples, gifts and sponsorships etc. This study focuses on impact of advertisement on the physicians prescribing behavior. This research based on descriptive research. Well-structured questionnaire was developed for doctors to identify important variables influencing Pharmaceutical advertising effectiveness and prescription behavior towards medicine. Non probability systematic convenient sampling technique has been followed. Survey was conducted and data was analyzed. This study was conducted on 150 respondents who are doctors and analysis was carried out on the data collected from questionnaire in which the doctor were asked to tick a number that was most suitable to their choice. Findings of the study can help the marketing managers of pharmaceutical companies in designing their promotional strategies especially for doctors and consumers. Some of the pharmaceutical medium of advertisement was found to be persuasive with reference to qualification of doctor.

Evaluation of productivity in Iranian pharmaceutical companies: A DEA-based Malmquist approach and panel data analysis.

Objective:In this study, we aimed to assess comparative productivity of 21 pharmaceutical companies in Iran during 2000–2013.Methods:To evaluate the productivity trend of pharmaceutical companies in Iran, we used data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist index. “Total assets” and “capital stock” as inputs and “net sales” and “net profit” as outputs extracted from Tehran stock exchange, were selected to be included in the analysis. This method provides the possibility for analyzing the performance of each company in term of productivity changes over time. We also used an estimation generalized least square panel data model to identify the factors that might affect productivity of pharmaceutical companies in Iran using EViews 7 and Deep 2.1 software.Findings:The mean total productivity during all years of the study was 0.9829, which indicates the improvement in their overall productivity. The results, over the 13-year period, indicated that the range of productivity changes in pharmaceutical companies, that were included in this study, was between 0.884 and 1.098. Panel data model indicated that age of company could positively (t = 4.765978, P < 0.001) and being located in cities other than Tehran (the capital) could negatively (t = −5.369549, P < 0.001) affect the productivity of pharmaceutical companies. The analysis showed the new policy (brand-generic scheme) and also the type of ownership did not have a significant effect on the productivity of pharmaceutical companies.Conclusion:In this study, pharmaceutical productivity trends were fluctuated that could be due to the sub-optimal attention of policy makers and managers of pharmaceutical companies toward long-term strategic planning, focusing on productivity improvement.

Competitive intelligence in the South African pharmaceutical industry

Currently the South African pharmaceutical industry is being affected by legislation, as the government is readjusting the whole healthcare system to make it cost-effective and equitable. The purpose of this article is to establish what the current situation is within the South African pharmaceutical’s industry’s competitive intelligence (CI) capacity. Questionnaires were administered electronically to senior managers in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of the respondents were of the opinion that a culture of information sharing and an environment of collaboration on competitive issues exist in their companies. Respondents confirm that CI is used on a continuous basis in strategic decision-making and that company strategies are used to manage competitors. It is recommended that senior management of pharmaceutical companies capitalise and consolidate the CI function which is used on a continuous basis in strategic decision-making.

Accounting Information Systems and Their Role in the Measurement and Cost Thrifting in Public Shareholding Industrial Companies in Jordan

This study seeks to identify the characteristics and the availability of properties, technical and organizationalrequirements for the accounting information systems necessary to meet the requirements of modern managementof pharmaceutical companies in Jordan. The study showed that these systems are distinguished by thecharacteristics needed to obtain financial and non-financial required by the Administration, and it has the abilityto deal with developments that may arise on the quality of decisions that could be taken, therefore the type ofinformation to be provided, and the development of its systems whether it was in the process of data entry orprocessed or its outputs, as well as it can be available in the companies with the appropriate organizationalstructure for their operations and that there are policies and procedures in line with the nature of the accountinginformation system applied in them. The study recommended the need for conviction of directors of companiesneed to develop a budget for the re-design of their (IT) systems and work to develop most systems in thecompanies to be able to re-design, whenever there is a need, in addition to increase investment in automatedsystems because of their role in obtaining the necessary information fast and accurate.

Impact of Pharmaceutical Industry Promotion Mix on Doctor's Prescribing Behaviour

This study was conducted to develop a simple framework for finding out the impact of the different kinds of promotional tools offered by pharmaceutical industry on the prescribing behaviour of doctors. Moreover the study also focused on whether the perception of physicians towards various promotional tools is different with respect to demographic variables. Well-structured schedule was developed for conducting the study. Judgmental sampling method was followed. Survey was conducted and data was analyzed on the basis of responses provided by 523 respondents. Researcher has applied factor analysis for data reduction and ANOVA &amp; F-test for hypothesis testing. Findings of the study can help the marketing managers of pharmaceutical companies in designing their promotional strategies especially for doctors.

Memo to the FDA and ICH: appeal for in vivo drug target identification and target pharmacokinetics: Recommendations for improved procedures and requirements

This memorandum is addressed to members of regulatory agencies, as well as managers of pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacokineticists and toxicologists may consider this proposal, weigh its merits, and provide input for implementation. Experience from academic research and ADME experiments during drug development has prompted this appeal for improved drug target recognition. Similar demands have been made repeatedly in the literature. Such efforts are not new, but a renewed urgency has come from comparing results obtained with methods of different resolution and sensitivity, namely high-resolution receptor microscopic autoradiography compared and viewed in parallel to conventional low-resolution 'cut-and-count' radioassays and whole body autoradiography. Conflicting results reveal astounding deficiencies of current ADME approaches. False negatives and false positives of favored 'expedient' procedures allow drugs to reach the market with misleading and inaccurate information about the total drug effect.