System Of Management Research Articles

Модельный и статистический подходы к оценке цифровой трансформации здравоохранения

The ongoing discourse surrounding models of digital maturity in both academic and practical spheres is shaped by trends in economic development and the feasibility of their implementation. Consequently, the organization of change and the evaluation of outcomes manifest in various forms across different national contexts. This study analyzes the Russian system of digital healthcare management through the lens of digital maturity model characteristics. Based on key academic narratives regarding maturity models and relevant Russian strategic documents, two distinct approaches to the digital transformation of healthcare have been identified: the “model-based” approach, which focuses on long-term qualitative changes, and the “situational” approach, which is directed towards addressing current growth challenges. Using the theory of change, the study reveals shortcomings in the indicators currently employed to assess digital maturity and the level of digital transformation within the healthcare sector. Furthermore, the program statistical indicators of the digital transformation of healthcare are analyzed from the point of view of their use to assess the main social goal of the healthcare system – maintaining public health. A statistical approach to assessing the level of digital transformation of healthcare is proposed and tested based on official statistics on the use of digital technologies by organizations and open data characterizing the use of digital services by the population to receive medical services.

THE IMPACT OF THE URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT ON PUBLIC HEALTH

The scientific and technological progress of modern society is an objective process that cannot be stopped. Currently, cities occupy about 0.3% of the earth's surface area, but they are home to more than 40% of the population. Large cities are expanding their functional properties and becoming stimulators of the growth of new industries, integration and focus of human economic activity. The concen-tration of a large number of equipment, buildings, and population in one area of a modern city has led to the fact that the urbanized environment is significantly different from the natural environment in terms of quality. In the context of large cities, humans deform the environment and feel the consequences of deformation acutely.Consideration of environmental problems from a modern perspective allows us to assert that envi-ronmental degradation is not inevitable and does not necessarily accompany human economic activity. At the same time, the author emphasizes the lack of unity of methodological approaches to the identification of environmentally caused diseases, contradictions in assessing the role of environmental factors, insufficient development of criteria for identifying environmentally caused pathology, imperfection of the system of envi-ronmental risk assessment and management, and the need for scientific substantiation of the system of legal and economic compensation for health damage associated with the impact of environmental factors. The process of urbanization and its related qualitative characteristics can be effectively considered only when studying the human-society-environment system. The most important task of studying the afore-mentioned system is to investigate the continuous process of urbanization and the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment and public health. In these conditions, it is important to understand the sequence and features of the urbanization process, to study the impact of climate change, the development of anthro-pogenic factors, their impact on the environment and public health.The paper discusses the main hygienic and environmental problems associated with the process of urbanization and climate change, and proposes comprehensive measures to prevent and reduce the nega-tive consequences for the population. It is demonstrated that the management of the processes of formation of the urbanized environment is an important component of urban life and the main task of ensuring comfort-able living conditions for the population.

Інституційна структура радянської економіки та її роль у формуванні економічної спадщини України

The article is devoted to the historical and economic analysis of the key determinants of the institutional structure of the planned and distributed economy and their influence on the formation of the economic heritage of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to summarize the main trends in the evolution of the institutional structure of the Soviet economy and to determine its role in the formation of the «track effect» in the economic development of Ukraine. The article reveals the historical prerequisites of the institutional breakdown and the formation of the Soviet socialist economy, and characterizes the peculiarities of its institutional structure at various historical stages. The author reveals the mechanism of interaction between formal and informal institutions and their role in the economic development of the planning and distribution system of management. Defined the institutional features of the formation and functioning of the mobilization economy and the system of centralized state management of economic processes. The impact of the economic reforms of the 1950s and 1960s on the strengthening of the communicative value of horizontal economic ties and the formation of the «administrative market» as a matrix of the shadow economy has been established. Revealed the main distortions of the institution of property, the essence of power-property relations, the reasons for their rooting, and the economic consequences of its functioning. The author identifies the role of the Soviet institutional heritage in the distortions of the Ukrainian business environment and the risks of the emergence of the «historical rut» effect in the institutional development of the Ukrainian economy. Substantiated the conclusion about the advisability of a limited application of mobilization methods of economic management in the post-war economic revival and the need to develop state policy measures aimed at strengthening the institution of private property, protecting the rights of owners, overcoming corruption and establishing social control over the distribution of economic power and responsibility.

Urban Flooding: A Case of Ng’ombe Settlement in the City of Lusaka, Zambia

Urban flooding has become perennial in most African countries, inducing socio-economic miseries in affected communities. Climate-induced rainfall, community negligence and lack of coordinated infrastructural development policies remain a threat in Africa’s sub-Saharan cities. Zambia’s City of Lusaka and Ng’ombe settlement, in particular, have not been spared from floods. Using a mixed methods approach, the study investigated the causes and effects of flooding in Ng’ombe settlement in the City of Lusaka. A probability sampling method was used to select 147 respondents whose households were severely affected by floods. A non-probability method was used to select key informants. The key informants were the Provincial Disaster Management & Mitigation Coordinator, and Directors of Planning in the Lusaka City Council, Ministry of Local Government & Rural Development, and Ministry of Housing & Urban Development. Questionnaires and interview guides were used for data-gathering from the respondents and key informants, respectively. The study revealed that 43% attributed the cause of flooding to a lack of professionally constructed drainages while 25% mentioned unplanned settlements as a major cause. Unsupervised construction works and indiscriminate waste disposal came out third and fourth at 15% and 13%, respectively. Those who said their properties were damaged by floods stood at 69%, followed by 20%, whose households were affected by waterborne diseases. Out of the 69% of the respondents who had their properties damaged by floods, 24% of them, who were the majority, built the walls of their houses using sun-dried bricks meant for temporal structures. The study concludes that flooding triggers socio-economic miseries in the Ng’ombe settlement. To avert this, the study recommends the following; construction of professionally designed drainages; strict supervision of construction works by the Lusaka City Council; effective systems of solid waste management; regular clearing of drainages; and normalising illegally built houses, where possible

E-Model of Organization

The article describes a new model of organization, i.e. E-model typical of economy of knowledge and its initial stage, digital economy. The author characterized economy of the new type, described in detail transformation in its traditional economic categories, such as labour, property, competition, production, consumption, etc, which in its turn gives birth to changes in the organizational model. The article underlines that business-ecosystems become key forms of new economy, therefore, it becomes very important for organizations to be able either to develop their own ecosystems or to integrate into existing ones. For this end they shall form an eco-systemic or E-model. The author highlighted that hierarchy in this case is not fundamental, as its base is made up by team creation of value for the customer. To build this model the organization shall seriously transform its key characteristics: goals, organizational structure and form, system and technology of management, corporate culture, etc. Apart from that ecosystem organizations shall be characterized by continuous introduction and application of various innovation and have flexible specialization. And finally, the author plots a target function of E-model organization and forecasts possibilities of its further development.

Sustainable Land Use Formation Features on Agricultural Land in Kazakhstan

The research aims to analyse the state of agricultural land in the Republic of Kazakhstan with the classification of scientifically based factors affecting the sustainability of land use. This study considers the systems of agricultural land management, noted the pace of development, and forms relationships on land redistribution to increase sustainable land use. It has been established that 80% of the country’s territory consists of agricultural land, of which only 43% is used for its main purpose. The development of livestock and crop production system in conditions of severe drought in 2022 is assessed on the example of climatic conditions of Balkhash district of Almaty region. The practical significance of the work lies in the efficiency of agricultural production, considering all modern technological requirements and finding a dynamic balance between inputs and the corresponding increase in output.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF FORESTRY ACTIVITIES

In the context of the commercialization of integrated forestry in the Republic of Belarus, when the issues of obtaining economic benefits from economic activities come to the fore, the analysis of forestry production, as the main part of integrated forestry, is especially relevant. In the pursuit of achieving high financial results, it is necessary not to forget about the environmental component of economic activity, which once again emphasizes the relevance of the functioning of the system of environmentally-oriented management accounting proposed by the author earlier. The article examines methodological approaches to the analysis of forestry activities, offers cost indicators of complex forestry proposed for the analysis of forestry activities and forestry costs taking into account their features, as well as factors influencing the content and structure of forestry production costs and the amount of forestry revenues, such as revenue from the sale of timber, specific tax value, the price of timber according to the price lists of selling prices, stock quotes for timber, forestry production costs for various types of felling. The use of these proposals will allow determining the directions for regulating rent relations in forestry.

The energy sector of the economy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation from the perspective of national security: legal aspects

Russia’s Arctic zone plays a key role in the development of energy resources on the world stage. At the same time, the development of the energy sector of the economy is associated with solving the tasks of the national security of the Russian Federation. The effective solution of these tasks is possible due to the more active use of the tools offered by the “green” economy and alternative energy, which requires a significant modification of legal regulation. However, at the moment, a complete replacement of the raw hydrocarbon sector in the world, according to researchers, seems impossible. Today, the main engine of the development of the Russian Arctic is precisely the raw energy sector, and the global economy is based mainly on energy, which is produced from mineral resources. The development of energy in the Arctic zone depends on the level of industrial safety. Industrial safety can be understood as the state of protection of personal interests (vital and property), as well as public interests (society and the state) due to the system of industrial safety management provided for by legislation. The industrial safety management system and the Institute of Civil Liability Insurance for owners of hazardous facilities is a comprehensive mechanism for preventing accidents and neutralizing their negative consequences at hazardous facilities, which is especially important for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main problems of the implementation of this mechanism and the ways to solve them are outlined.

Physiological and hygienic assessment of the organization of specialized training for high school students

Introduction. The educational activities in children and adolescents are associated with significant potential health risks, especially during the preparation period for the unified state exam. In this regard, there is a need to optimize the management of educational activities to reduce the physiological cost of the educational process. The purpose of the study is a physiological and hygienic assessment of the management of specialized training of high school students and its impact on the functional state of their body. Materials and methods. The object of the study was two hundred fifty eight students of the 11th grade of the medical pre-university. A study was conducted on the specifics of the management of pre-university education, as well as a hygienic assessment of the curriculum. To assess the impact of the educational process on the functional state of the body in high school students, an assessment of the method of proof-reading tests was carried out by mental performance. Also there was performed a study of the psycho-emotional state of the body using the Izard method and the functional state of the body using the method for studying well-being, activity, and mood. The obtained results were processed using descriptive statistics methods. Results. The similarity of the management of classes with the university form of education is noted. The evaluation of the schedule showed a decrease in the level of academic load over the course of the academic year, as well as the irrationality of scheduling from the point of view of age physiology. During the academic year, positive trend in indicators of mental performance and functional state of the body in students was noted. A high prevalence of pronounced and severe degrees of anxiety-depressive (33.9%) and adverse (29.0%) emotions among high school students was revealed. The relationship between the severity of adverse and anxiety-depressive emotions and the subjective assessment of the state of the body by students is noted. Limitations. The study was conducted in one educational institution, which is a pre-university medical university, which had an impact on the representativeness of the sample. Conclusion. The conducted research shows the system of management of pre-university education allows students successful and effective engaging in educational activities, which is reflected in the positive trend in indicators characterizing the functional state of the body in high school students. Measures to prevent the prevalence of adverse and anxiety-depressive emotions among students are proposed.

Financial activity of an organization: approaches to assessment of methods

The article presents the practical implementation of the model for assessing the financial performance of an organization, systematizing and directing its functioning throughout their life cycle. It is noted that financial analytics of the organization’s performance indicators, determined by management technologies and factors affecting the external and internal environment, can be used to create and develop its financial strategy. It is shown that high competition, significant risks, crisis phenomena, geopolitical and socioeconomic processes on the world stage and in the state, additionally increase the relevance of developing a new methodological apparatus for managing the financial stability of organizations, as a basic resource for ensuring their development. It has been established that insufficiently studied methodological approaches and the lack of a unified approach to methods for analyzing the financial performance of an organization hinder the development and improvement of its financial strategy. The author notes that approaches to assessing methods for analyzing the financial performance of an organization’s optimization present additional opportunities and recommendations in business development, as well as the development of theoretical and practical proposals that reveal successful directions for building the entire system of strategic financial management of organizations.

Strategies for feeding tilapia in smallholder aquaculture systems: a study of aquaculture feed access and availability in two districts of Northern Province, Zambia

ABSTRACT Aquaculture contributes to agricultural development, economic growth, and poverty reduction initiatives in Zambia. In northern and rural regions of the country, development requires improvements to the management of local and farm-generated inputs. Fish farmers have limited market access and purchasing power, which restricts access to commercial inputs, such as formulated feeds and chemical fertilizers. Instead, farmers adopt integrated-agriculture-aquaculture (IAA) practices, whereby on-farm resources supply essential inputs. Research is limited regarding local systems of resource management, and this hinders development of innovations for improving efficiency. This mixed-methods study explored local patterns of resource utilization. Smallholders (n = 63) participated in surveys and interviews regarding resource management. A series of quantitative analyses, including descriptive statistics, principal component analyses (PCA), and multinomial logistic regression (logit) models, identified relationships between these resources, household livelihood, and system productivity. Qualitative analyses explored farmer perceptions regarding seasonal resource availability. Results suggested that livestock manure, homemade feeds comprising maize and soybean, garden residues, and kitchen wastes were the most frequently selected inputs. Logit models of feeding intensity found that income, proximity to Luwingu Town, experience in aquaculture, and access to extension services were key household resources. High-intensity feeding strategies incorporated commercial feeds, chemical fertilizers, as well as home-made feeds containing a wide diversity of both high- and low-quality ingredients. Low-intensity feeding strategies incorporated only farm waste and termites. Potential innovations that may improve system performance in resource poor contexts are considered and recommendations for additional research are offered.

MANAGEMENT OF THE FINANCIAL FLOWS OF LOGISTICS SYSTEMS

In the context of globalization and integration of the world economy, the main task of every business entity is to ensure financial stability and security of its operations. The logistics industry is no exception. In such a context, there is a necessity of fundamentally new approaches to the development of an effective system for managing financial flows of logistics systems. The insufficiency of the theoretical and practical study of the problems of managing financial flows of logistics systems, the difficult current economic conditions of management, outlined by the impact of the financial crisis and economic instability, the necessity to manage and control the level of financial stability of logistics enterprises in order to prevent bankruptcy, are the key reasons for the relevance of the study. In article considers issues of management of financial flows of logistics systems. The analysis of management processes in the system of financial activity of the logistics industry has been conducted. It is noted that the relevant aspects of managing the financial flows of logistics systems should include measures to improve the efficiency of using borrowed capital and investment resources. The study theoretically substantiates and solves a set of issues related to the development of an effective concept for managing financial flows of logistics systems under conditions of uncertainty. The analysis of the status and trends in the development of the logistics sector, as well as topical aspects of financial management of logistics enterprises, has allowed to develop a set of measures to improve the system of management of financial flows of logistics systems, which should be implemented on the principles of financial management. The concept of management of financial flows of logistics systems is proposed. A scheme for ensuring the financial security of logistics systems has been developed. The key principles of management of financial flows of logistics systems under conditions of uncertainty are determined. The study made it possible to state that the conceptual approach to managing the financial flows of logistics systems will help to prevent the crisis, increase the efficiency of activities and the successful development of the industry as a whole.

Ayat-Ayat Al-Qur’an Tentang Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan Islam

The purpose of writing this article is to find out the verses of the Qur'an about the quality management of Islamic education. This study uses a type of literature research. Literature research is a research that is carried out by reviewing various journals and related reference books. The results of his research show that quality education is an essential aspect in Islam. Such quality education functions not only for the transfer of knowledge, but also for the formation of good character and morals. Quality management in Islamic education is very important, especially in building a generation of noble and quality character. The Qur'an, which is the main guide for Muslims, contains quality management principles such as focus on customer satisfaction, leadership based on the example of the Prophet, Process-based approaches, integrated managerial systems, thoughtful decision-making and mutually beneficial relationships, can all be applied in Islamic education to ensure the quality of continuous and ethical learning. With the implementation of this quality management, Islamic education is expected to create a conducive environment for learning, improve the quality of educational outcomes and produce a generation that is ready to make a positive contribution to society.

Neoliberalism and managerial governance in the Swedish pre-school sector

ABSTRACT Tax-funded private provision of welfare services in Sweden is among the most extensive in Europe. This paper focuses on a contradictory example of how discrepancies between neoliberal ideals and practice are embedded in the governance of Swedish preschool. Over time, national and local regulations in Sweden have become increasingly comprehensive and moved toward managerial systems. Using Alain Enthoven’s model of managed competition, and drawing on documents and interviews, this paper focuses on two right-wing, urban municipalities with a very high share of preschools operated by private actors, and their organization of local preschool quasi-markets in terms of so-called sponsors concerning five functions: establishing rules of equity, approving all participating private pre-schools, managing the enrollment process, creating price-elastic demand, and managing risk-selection. The findings show how instead of limiting bureaucratic power, municipal managers have been empowered to plan and optimize the organization of the preschool sector in ways discordant with neoliberal ideas.

Digital twin for decision support system of industrial utility management

Manufacturing and industrial operations rely heavily on energy that is generated mostly from fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which harm the environment and contribute to climate change. Thus, renewable energy is being integrated into industrial processes to lessen environmental effects and reduce fossil fuel usage. However, the renewable source performance process can be greatly affected by disturbances and constraints, such as ambient air temperature and relative humidity, minimum utility consumption, and the total energy required, making effective control difficult. This study proposes a digital twin built with machine learning regression techniques for load demand forecasting as a decision-support system for industrial utility management. From the results, the ensemble tree (ET) model produced the highest accuracy, based on validation and test dataset root mean squared error values of 23.164 and 27.558, respectively, and R2 values of 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. The digital twin and load demand forecasting approaches effectively created an efficient operating schedule for industrial utility management. The ET model had a total error of 23.86%, substantially lower than the average load demand's total error of 65.29%. Therefore, the ET model with weather conditions in four scenarios could be recommended to optimize energy utilization when creating the operating schedule.

Priority-based QoS Extensions and IAM Improvements

The command and control system operates in a harsh and dynamic environment with limited resources and have a very high risk of failure or malfunction. In the case of military information systems, including the command and control system, the efficiency and effectiveness of system resource management are very important and required. Therefore, the application of a QoS-like approach is necessary to improve the operational effectiveness of all command and control system resources. However, supporting QoS at the entire command and control system level incurs additional costs and burdens for implementation and operation. This paper describes the necessity and possibility of collaboration with QoS and IAM (identity and access management) among the collaboration between core functions within the command and control system. This paper proposes an extended QoS approach to improve the operational effectiveness of the entire command and control system resources. As a result of this research, expanded concepts, structures, standards, and methods of collaboration between QoS and IAM are developed and presented, and their feasibility is demonstrated through prototype development and experiments.

Phosphorus lability in a Ferralsol as affected by land-use change in the Brazilian Cerrado

ABSTRACT Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a constraint to agricultural development in tropical soils, owing to the high fixation of P in the soil matrix. Land-use change can modify soil P dynamics. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of land-use change on P fractions in a Ferralsol under different systems of use and management. Inorganic (Pi) and organic soil P (Po) fractions were assessed by sequential fractionation using H2O, NaHCO3, NaOH, hot concentrated HCl and H2SO4-H2O2 as extractants. The systems in the study were as follows: pasture (PAST), no-tillage system (NT), organic cultivation (ORG) with 2, 6, 8 and 10 years of organic management, and conventional continuous cropping tillage (CT). A native Cerrado forest (F) area was used as reference. In general, Po forms predominated over Pi, with exception of the CT soil, where Pi represented 41% of the total P. On average, conversion of F into the CT system reduced levels of Po in the soil by up to 72%. The soil P resilience index showed that P inputs in the CT and NT systems were insufficient at recovering P availability after the land-use change. On the other hand, the most recent ORG systems demonstrated the greatest efficiency at restoring the equilibrium of the soil P state. The hypothesis that less intensive agricultural systems increase the soil labile P pool, enhancing available P levels, was confirmed. Agricultural systems that used organic inputs and reduced soil disturbance were found to be more efficient at recovering and maintaining soil P availability.

Геопространственное моделирование организации ландшафтно-экологического каркаса дельты Волги

With the rapid economic progress of the regions, there is an increase in the human impact on the environment. In this regard, there is a need to develop a scientifically based system of natural resource management and preservation of intact ecosystems. Recently, the concept of developing ecological frameworks of territories has been widely spread. An ecological framework as a system of nature areas ranked by the degree of ecological importance is a continuous network of interconnected areas capable of ensuring natural ecological balance and restraining the negative human impact on the environment. This paper proposes a geographical framework for the implementation of a landscape-ecological framework in the central part of the Volga River Delta. The proposed cartographic model is based on the style of thematic map construction—Wurman dots, named on the basis of cartographic works of Richard Saul Wurman. The proposed style was modified: a regular geometric grid consisting of regular geometric figures—hexagons was applied. Landscape-ecological framework in this case is designed in the form of a spatial cellular grid covering the entire territory under consideration, within which geosystems with different modes of use and degree of anthropogenic transformation are distinguished. For the natural geosystems identified in the course of previously performed studies, the level of their anthropogenic transformation was established using a specially developed formula (Lantropo). The analysis of the landscape-ecological framework is based on the interpretation of a special legend to the map scheme, where the ordinate and abscissa axes show the suitability of geosystems for integration into the structure of the ecological framework of the central sub-area of the Volga Delta.

Design of web based pre-production managerial information system for horticultural product farmers

Abstract When carrying out farming, it is necessary to take into account the need for seeds, fertilizers or pesticides that will be used before carrying out production in order to achieve optimal productivity. However, there are still many farmers who pay little attention to this managerial issue. Therefore, this research aims to build an information system that provides a web-based pre-production managerial calculation calculator. The method used is literature study. This research uses WordPress as a CMS that helps in building the desired website. Based on the results of this research, a web-based information system for calculating seed, fertilizer and specific needs has been successfully established and can run well. In building the counting system using the Counted Field Form feature version 1.2.10. Then on this website there is a Home Menu with submenus Calculate Seed Needs, Calculate Fertilizer Needs, and Calculate Pesticide Needs, Food Crops Menu with submenus Rice, Corn, Sorghum, Soybeans, Green Beans, Peanuts, Potatoes, Sago and Sweet Potatoes, Menu Fertilizer Info, and Pesticide Menu Info.

Technology rhetoric and institutional ownership

Abstract This article compares actual R&D spend with the managerial rhetoric around technology and innovation contained within corporate disclosures of US-listed firms. We find that, whilst actual R&D spend and patents do not entice institutional investors to increase their stock holdings, firms that espouse technology and innovation in their corporate disclosures are quite successful in drawing in short-term investors. We frame this investor behaviour within the economics of expectation literature. While managers are incentivised to draw in capital, short-horizon investors are less likely to exert due diligence and are rather persuaded by a technology narrative—that is, a ‘gold rush’ effect. This explains our finding that when there is a sudden downturn with stock price crashes, short-term investors rush to withdraw their money from firms that ‘talk tech’. Our findings have implications for managerial rewards systems, especially when these encourage managerial hype.