Industrial Wastewater Management Research Articles

Efficient biodecolorization of direct black 22 Azo Dye by Aspergillus tamarii Kita UCP1279 isolated from caatinga soil

The textile industry is a major consumer of water, generating large volumes of wastewater contaminated with harmful substances, particularly azo dyes, which contain aromatic rings, amines, and sulfonic groups that contribute to their environmental toxicity. The use of microbial agents for wastewater treatment offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution, minimizing sludge production. Fungi from the Caatinga biome have demonstrated potential for bioremediation, especially under extreme environmental conditions. This study explores the ability of Aspergillus tamarii Kita to decolorize the azo dye Direct Black 22 (DB22) under varying conditions, including the use of both active and inactive fungal biomass, in static and agitated systems (120 rpm), at a controlled temperature of 30°C. Dye concentrations of 50, 125, and 250 mg/L were evaluated over time intervals of 75, 180, and 180 minutes, respectively. The influence of dissolved oxygen concentration and redox potential on the decolorization process was also investigated to identify optimal treatment conditions. Decolorization efficiency was quantified via spectrophotometric analysis. Results revealed decolorization rates of 100%, 97%, and 63% for the respective dye concentrations, with active biomass in agitated conditions achieving the highest removal rates. The study further demonstrated that dissolved oxygen levels and redox potential are critical factors in enhancing dye decolorization. These findings underscore the bioremediation potential of Aspergillus tamarii Kita in treating textile dye effluents, offering a promising approach to sustainable industrial wastewater management.

Potential of halophiles and alkaliphiles in bioremediation of azo dyes-laden textile wastewater: a review.

Azo dye-laden textile wastewater must be treated before release due to various health and environmental concerns. Bioremediation of textile wastewater, however, is a challenge owing to its alkaline and saline nature as mesophilic microbes, in general, are either not able to thrive or show less efficiency under such hostile environment. Thus, pre-treatment for neutralization or salinity removal becomes a prerequisite before applying microbes for treatment, causing extra economical and technical burden. Extremophilic bacteria can be the promising bioremediating tool because of their inherent ability to survive and show toxicants removal capability under such extreme conditions without need of pre-treatment. Among extremophiles, halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria which are naturally adapted to high salt and pH are of special interest for the decolorization of saline-alkaline-rich textile wastewater. The current review article is an attempt to provide an overview of the bioremediation of azo dyes and azo dye-laden textile wastewater using these two classes of extremophilic bacteria. The harmful effects of azo dyes on human health and environment have been discussed herein. Halo-alkaliphilic bacteria circumvent the extreme conditions by various adaptations, e.g., production of certain enzymes, adjustment at the protein level, pH homeostasis, and other structural adaptations that have been highlighted in this review. The unique properties of alkaliphiles and halophiles, to not only sustain but also harboring high dye removal competence at high pH and salt concentration, make them a good candidate for designing future bioremediation strategies for the management of alkaline, salt, and azo dye-laden industrial wastewaters.

Preparation of eggshell-based materials and their adsorption performance on Fe(III) in water*

Abstract If there is too much trivalent iron in the body, it will disrupt the balance of osmotic pressure inside the body, and its heavy metal properties will denature proteins. Therefore, effective management of industrial pollution source wastewater is very important for environmental protection and human’s health. Calcium carbonate particles have a good ability to adsorb trivalent iron in wastewater. The aim is to prepare porous calcium carbonate by a template method using eggshell powder, hydrochloric acid, sodium stearate, and anhydrous sodium carbonate solution as the raw materials and research the adsorption properties of porous calcium carbonate to trivalent iron. Porous calcium carbonate was prepared by a template method using eggshell powder, hydrochloric acid, sodium stearate, and anhydrous sodium carbonate solution as the raw materials. The morphology and adsorptive properties of Fe (III) of the porous calcium carbonate were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV). The best value was found between different temperatures, time, and pH. The results verified that the maximum amount of adsorption was obtained when calcination was 400°C, pH was 5, time was 60 min, and the input amount was 20 mg. The adsorption of porous calcium carbonate to Fe (III) is chemical and has a better adsorption effect.

Adsorption of Cobalt Ions by Activated Carbon Prepared from Agricultural Waste Residues and Treated with Magnetic Nanomaterials: A Review

General Background: The study of heavy metal adsorption is crucial for environmental protection and industrial wastewater management. Specific Background: The adsorption of cobalt ions (Co2+) by activated carbon derived from agricultural waste, enhanced with magnetic nanomaterials, has garnered significant interest due to its potential for cost-effective and efficient wastewater treatment. Knowledge Gap: Despite numerous studies, there remains a lack of comprehensive research on the specific combination of agricultural waste-derived activated carbon and magnetic nanomaterials for Co2+ adsorption. Aims: This study aims to meticulously review the existing literature on the preparation of activated carbon from agricultural residues, the enhancement of its properties with magnetic nanomaterials, and its effectiveness in Co2+ ion adsorption. Results: The review demonstrates that activated carbon with a large specific surface area and diverse functional groups significantly improves Co2+ adsorption. The incorporation of magnetic nanomaterials further enhances this efficiency due to increased surface area and magnetic properties. Novelty: This research uniquely combines agricultural waste valorization with advanced nanotechnology, presenting a sustainable and innovative approach to heavy metal adsorption. Implications: The findings underscore the dual environmental benefits of recycling agricultural waste and mitigating industrial pollution, offering a cost-effective and efficient solution for cobalt ion recovery from wastewater. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers focusing on sustainable environmental remediation technologies. Highlights: Enhanced Adsorption: Magnetic nanomaterials boost activated carbon's efficiency. Sustainable Solution: Agricultural waste-derived activated carbon is eco-friendly and cost-effective. Comprehensive Insight: Review identifies research gaps and future directions. Keywords: cobalt ion adsorption, activated carbon, agricultural waste, magnetic nanomaterials, wastewater treatment

Advancing Ion Separation: Covalent-Organic-Framework Membranes for Sustainable Energy and Water Applications.

ConspectusMembranes are pivotal in a myriad of energy production processes and modern separation techniques. They are essential in devices for energy generation, facilities for extracting energy elements, and plants for wastewater treatment, each of which hinges on effective ion separation. While biological ion channels show exceptional permeability and selectivity, designing synthetic membranes with defined pore architecture and chemistry on the (sub)nanometer scale has been challenging. Consequently, a typical trade-off emerges: highly permeable membranes often sacrifice selectivity and vice versa. To tackle this dilemma, a comprehensive understanding and modeling of synthetic membranes across various scales is imperative. This lays the foundation for establishing design criteria for advanced membrane materials. Key attributes for such materials encompass appropriately sized pores, a narrow pore size distribution, and finely tuned interactions between desired permeants and the membrane. The advent of covalent-organic-framework (COF) membranes offers promising solutions to the challenges faced by conventional membranes in selective ion separation within the water-energy nexus. COFs are molecular Legos, facilitating the precise integration of small organic structs into extended, porous, crystalline architectures through covalent linkage. This unique molecular architecture allows for precise control over pore sizes, shapes, and distributions within the membrane. Additionally, COFs offer the flexibility to modify their pore spaces with distinct functionalities. This adaptability not only enhances their permeability but also facilitates tailored interactions with specific ions. As a result, COF membranes are positioned as prime candidates to achieve both superior permeability and selectivity in ion separation processes.In this Account, we delineate our endeavors aimed at leveraging the distinctive attributes of COFs to augment ion separation processes, tackling fundamental inquiries while identifying avenues for further exploration. Our strategies for fabricating COF membranes with enhanced ion selectivity encompass the following: (1) crafting (sub)nanoscale ion channels to enhance permselectivity, thereby amplifying energy production; (2) implementing a multivariate (MTV) synthesis method to control charge density within nanochannels, optimizing ion transport efficiency; (3) modifying the pore environment within confined mass transfer channels to establish distinct pathways for ion transport. For each strategy, we expound on its chemical foundations and offer illustrative examples that underscore fundamental principles. Our efforts have culminated in the creation of groundbreaking membrane materials that surpass traditional counterparts, propelling advancements in sustainable energy conversion, waste heat utilization, energy element extraction, and pollutant removal. These innovations are poised to redefine energy systems and industrial wastewater management practices. In conclusion, we outline future research directions and highlight key challenges that need addressing to enhance the ion/molecular recognition capabilities and practical applications of COF membranes. Looking forward, we anticipate ongoing advancements in functionalization and fabrication techniques, leading to enhanced selectivity and permeability, ultimately rivaling the capabilities of biological membranes.

Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment Technologies Through Life Cycle Assessment: A Review

AbstractElectrochemical wastewater treatment technologies are gaining attraction as sustainable alternatives for industrial and municipal wastewater management. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle assessment to assess the environmental and economic sustainability of electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and electroreduction. By analyzing key stages, from raw material extraction to end‐of‐life disposal, the review aims to provide insight into their overall sustainability performance. The study also delves into environmental impact categories and utilization of methods used in quantifying the environmental implications. Moreover, a cost structure analysis and cost‐effectiveness evaluation offer insights into the economic viability of these technologies. Despite facing challenges like high initial costs and regulatory constraints, electrochemical technologies demonstrate competitive advantages in treatment efficiency and energy savings. Collaborative efforts and supportive policy frameworks are deemed crucial for overcoming barriers and fostering the widespread adoption of electrochemical technologies, thereby advancing sustainable wastewater management practices.

Enhanced separation of monovalent and divalent ions in high salinity wastewater by selective electrodialysis: Experimental investigation and performance prediction

To fulfill the industrial requirements of salt fractionation and recovery from saline wastewater, a two-chamber selective electrodialysis (SED) stack incorporating commercial monovalent selective anion exchange membranes was employed and investigated in this study. Three different initial concentration ratios of NaCl/Na2SO4, namely 1:1 (10 g/L:10 g/L), 3:1 (30 g/L:10 g/L), and 5:1 (50 g/L:10 g/L) were examined to simulate various scenarios of saline wastewater. The influence of applied current density on membrane selectivity and overall system efficiency was further evaluated. The results indicated that an increase in the NaCl fraction within the feed solution directly correlates with enhanced concentration and purity of Na2SO4 in the product, achieving purities exceeding 92 %. A lower current density contributed to improved concentration and purity of Na2SO4, whereas higher current densities were conducive to augmenting the concentration and purity of NaCl. Additionally, a linear correlation was observed between the volumetric water transport and NaCl migration. Through numerical simulations, the concentrations of Na2SO4 and NaCl in the effluent were predicted, facilitating a comparative analysis with the salt fractionation efficiency of commercial nanofiltration membranes. Subsequent assessments of energy consumption and current efficiency revealed that the SED system ensured high product concentration and purity at reasonably low energy consumption (0.22–0.28 kWh per kg NaCl) alongside a high current efficiency (83–89 %). These findings offer critical insights into the optimization of salt fractionation process and highlight its economic and technical feasibility for the sustainable management of industrial saline wastewater.

Pendekatan Model Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) Pada Pengelolaan Air Limbah PT.Chandra Asri Petrochemical

The development of industries linked to population growth in Indonesia has led to increased waste production, particularly in terms of wastewater. This research examines the wastewater management system at PT. Chandra Asri Petrochemical Tbk (CAP), emphasizes the importance of waste treatment to prevent environmental pollution and maintain ecosystem sustainability. Through literature review methods, field studies, and the utilization of a simulation model employing Causal Loop Diagrams (CLD), this study evaluates the impact of industrial wastewater management on the environment and society. The research findings identify wastewater treatment processes at CAP, including the Neutralization Pit, Oil Separator, Dust Filter, and Dust Trap, along with regular inspections to ensure that water quality meets the established standards. Keywords: Causal Loop Diagrams, Dynamic Methods, Environmental Impact, Waste Water Quality Standards, Waste Water Treatment.

Boric acid recovery from wastewater by chromatographic separation and mathematical modeling

The new approaches in industrial wastewater management underscores the importance of reclaiming valuable materials. Within the boron industry, the generation of substantial wastewater containing preliminary boron species is a significant concern. This study focuses on recovering boric acid from boron production wastewater, addressing the challenge of separating impurities like sulfate, calcium, and magnesium. The methodology adopts chromatographic separation using a cation exchange resin in two forms: (1) Finex CS10GC cation exchanger in Na+ form and (2) Finex CS10GC cation exchanger in Ca2+/Mg2+ form. Notably, the Finex CS10GC ion exchanger in Na+ form achieves a separation efficiency of 95.5 % at a flow rate of 5 mL/min with a 0.20 bed volume (BV) loading. In contrast, the Ca2+/Mg2+ loaded resin achieves a separation efficiency of 23.3 % at the same flow rate. As the boron loading rate decreases to 10 %, the separation efficiency increases to 42.6 %. The flow rate also plays a crucial role, as an increase corresponds to a decrease in separation efficiency. Notably, the Finex CS10GC ion exchanger in Na+ form consistently exhibits superior separation efficiency and band resolution. A mathematical model is introduced to simulate the effective separation of boric acid from other impurities. The quality of the recovered boric acid conforms to the standard grade (Merck KGaA), exhibiting a purity level within the range of 99.5–100 %, suggesting substantial economic value. The proposed recovery process contributes significantly to environmental preservation by mitigating waste discharge, exemplifying a noteworthy commitment to resource conservation.

Synthesis and characterization of metal–organic frameworks based on thorium for the effective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic pesticide from water: Batch adsorption and Box-Behnken Design optimization, and evaluation of reusability

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of thorium metal–organic frameworks (Th-MOF) as an adsorbent for the removal of the hazardous herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic (2,4-D) from aqueous solutions. The experimental results convincingly demonstrate Th-MOF's capability as an adsorbent, effectively eliminating 2,4-D from water. The material's properties were thoroughly examined using SEM, TEM, PXRD, XPS, FT-IR, and BET studies, revealing a substantial surface area of 1122.12 m2/g, indicative of its potential for high adsorption capacity. Surface charge analysis indicated a positive charge below the point of zero charge (5.2) and a negative charge above it, influencing the adsorption behavior. The study explored the impact of pH on adsorption equilibrium through batch experiments, providing insights into the environmental factors affecting the adsorption process. In summary, this research highlights Th-MOF as a promising adsorbent for 2,4-D removal, contributing valuable insights into its characteristics and performance in water treatment applications. The significance of our findings lies in the clear impact of variations in solution pH on the adsorption behavior observed in the study. We conducted a detailed investigation into the effectiveness of 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid (2,4-D) adsorption on Th-MOF, employing pseudo-second-order kinetic models to unravel the kinetics of the process. The Langmuir isotherm model proved to be a reliable predictor of the adsorption mechanism, highlighting a chemisorption process throughout. Intriguingly, our study revealed that the entire adsorption–desorption process was characterized by an endothermic and spontaneous nature, as indicated by the calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°), (ΔS°), and (ΔG°) when utilizing Th-MOF as the adsorbent. Furthermore, the artificially synthesized Th-MOF adsorbent showcased exceptional flexibility and cyclability, successfully undergoing up to six adsorption–desorption cycles. This versatility underscores the potential practical applications of Th-MOF in water treatment processes, emphasizing its effectiveness and recyclability for sustainable environmental remediation efforts. In a scaled-down laboratory demonstration of wastewater treatment, we evaluated the efficacy of the developed adsorbent. The interaction mechanism between Th-MOF and 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid (2,4-D) was closely examined, considering factors like H-bonding, π-π interaction, pore filling, or electrostatic contact. The Th-MOF adsorbent demonstrated its capability for efficient water filtration and industrial wastewater management. Our study is noteworthy for pioneering the method for removing 2,4-D from wastewater samples using the Th-MOF adsorbent. Results revealed maximum 2,4-D adsorption onto Th-MOF at a pH of 4, reaching 358.3 mg.g − 1. Further exploration assessed removal efficacy from real samples and the sustained performance of the adsorbent through more than six cycles, with attention to its regeneration potential. The optimization of adsorption outcomes was achieved through the utilization of the Box-Behnken Design. This analysis underscores the practical application and sustainability of Th-MOF in addressing real-world wastewater treatment challenges.

Sustainable wastewater management in the brewing industry: Utilizing cellulose acetate membranes derived from brewers’ spent grain for enhanced treatment efficiency

Brewers’ spent grain (BSG), the primary by-product of the brewing industry, constitutes approximately 85.0% of the total by-products generated. BSG is known for its rich cellulose and non-cellulosic polysaccharide content, making it a valuable resource with significant potential for profitable recycling and reutilization. Given that the brewing sector is among the most substantial industrial consumers of water due to the water-intensive process of producing BSG, the effective management of wastewater in this industry is of paramount importance. This research focuses on investigating innovative wastewater management in the brewing sector. It employs the conversion of BSGs into a cellulose acetate membrane, thus enabling a physio-chemical treatment process utilizing the micro-filtration technique for wastewater treatment within the brewery industry. The results of this study demonstrate a substantial reduction in biochemical oxygen demand from the initial value of 16.65 mg/l (untreated) to 13.70 mg/l, 11.16 mg/l, 8.37 mg/l, 5.58 mg/l, and 3.14 mg/l after the first through fifth treatment cycles, respectively. Furthermore, the research indicates a high correlation with an R<sup>2 </sup>value of 0.999, affirming the viability and effectiveness of the treatment process. This is further substantiated by the results of chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and hydrogen ion concentration analyses presented in this study. These findings not only validate the efficacy of utilizing BSG-derived cellulose acetate membranes but also emphasize the potential for revolutionizing wastewater treatment practices within the brewing industry. This research paves the way for sustainable, environmentally conscious strategies in industrial wastewater management, ensuring the optimal utilization of by-products while minimizing the environmental footprint of brewing operations.

Poor Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Resulting in Depleting Drinkable Water Resources: a Geophysical and Hydrochemical Application

Poor Industrial and Domestic Wastewater Management in Developing Countries, Resulting in Depleting Drinkable Water Resources: a Geophysical and Hydrochemical Application

Effect of natural organic residues on the adsorption capacity of layered silicate alumina clay

ABSTRACT Layered silicate clay can be modified with organic residues to enhance its adsorption properties and make it suitable for the removal of industrial hazardous substances in various industries. The modification process involves treating the clay with specific organic residues that can interact with and capture the targeted hazardous compounds effectively. Novel nano-composite adsorbing system was developed by inserting the products of powdered certain marine plant within the layers of layered silicate alumina clay (LS) through impregnation technique in order to form layered silicate alumina organic residue (LSOR). The SEM images showed clear agglomerations within the newly formed composite. Moreover, according to data obtained from Scherer equation extracted from XRD data all compounds under investigation were within the nanoscale. The newly prepared LSOR nano-composite showed a significant high adsorption capacity than the main reactants involved in the adsorbent formation process (LS and OR). The effects of various experimental factors were followed up using batch system, and kinetics and isotherms of CR dye adsorption were calculated accordingly. Adsorbent dosage, working temperature, and pH value all have a significant impact on CR removal percentage. Regarding the optimum conditions, the best temperature for CR adsorption onto LSOR is 40°C at a neutral pH medium. Adsorption isotherm study shows that the adsorption process could be followed up using Langmuir adsorption isotherm for OR while it follows Freundlich isotherm for LS adsorbent and can be followed up successfully by Temkin isotherm model in case of LSOR. Finally, field tests revealed that the LSOR nano-catalyst removed mixed dyes from industrial wastewater with a 93% performance. This outcome further solidifies the potential of LSOR nano-adsorbents as an eco-friendly solution for the treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater. It highlights the significant contribution of these new nano-adsorbents in promoting sustainable practices and addressing the challenges associated with industrial wastewater management.

Integrated Management of Industrial Wastewater in the Food Sector

In 2019, a staggering 931 million tons of food went to waste, which is equal to about 17% of all the food available in stores. Dealing with this waste and managing wastewater from various industries will be among the world’s top challenges soon. This is because the global population is expected to grow to around 9 billion people by 2050. Food processing effluent is characterized by valuable material in considerable concentrations, including proteins and lipids with low concentrations of heavy metals and toxicants. Developing an integrated management system for food-processing wastewater should focus on recovering abundant resources, improving the economic value of the process, and mitigating the organic contaminant in the food-processing effluent. This state-of-the-art will review the wastewater management processes of the food processing industry. The latest wastewater treatment processes in different food processing sectors will be reviewed. This review will encompass various physicochemical treatment and recovery techniques, such as precipitation, membrane technology, solvent extraction, foam fractionation, adsorption, and aqueous two-phase systems. Additionally, it will delve into bio-treatment processes that leverage microorganisms and/or enzymes to utilize nutrients found in food-processing wastewater as cost-effective substrates for the production of valuable products. This includes a detailed examination of microalga biomass production within wastewater treatment systems. Finally, the review will put forward future research directions aimed at integrating the principles of the circular economy and developing comprehensive food-processing wastewater management systems.

Microplastics in aquatic bodies: Assessing the role of governance mechanisms in industrial wastewater management

The purpose of this research is to examine the association between corporate governance mechanisms (board independence, board gender diversity, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) duality, and environmental, social and governance (ESG) linked compensation) and wastewater recycling as a strategy for managing the flow of microplastics into the aquatic environment. The study analysed an international sample of top companies on the Forbes 500 list over a 15-year period during the millennium development goals (MDGs) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) eras. Multiple regression analysis with fixed effect OLS, two-stage least squares regression, propensity score matching, and logistic regression were applied in the data analysis. The results show that, at the aggregate level, board gender diversity is positively associated with wastewater recycling, whilst CEO duality has a significant negative impact. When disaggregated into industries, board gender diversity is positively associated with wastewater recycling in high-polluting and low-polluting industries. In relation to the MDGs/SDGs eras, the impact of board gender diversity is more significant in the MDGs era than in the SDGs era. At the geographical region level, CEO duality has a significant negative impact on wastewater management in the America and Asia Pacific regions, whilst the effect of CEO duality is significantly positive in the Western Europe region. We also find that a minimum of two female directors is required to improve wastewater management practice. The study concludes that whilst board gender diversity is a notable driver of wastewater management, CEO duality diminishes the commitment of multinational entities (MNEs) to addressing wastewater management issues. Our result is robust to (i) alternative measures of wastewater management, (ii) alternate sample composition, (iii) alternate method of data analysis, and (iv) endogeneity checks. The study contributes to the limited literature on waste management and the circular economy, particularly governance mechanisms’ role in wastewater management in an international context.

Recent Advancements in the Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater

The treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRWW) is of great interest in industrial wastewater management. This wastewater contains a diverse concentration of contaminants such as oil and grease, petroleum hydrocarbons, phenols, ammonia, and sulfides, as well as other organic and inorganic composites. Refinery wastewater treatment has been attempted through various processes, including physical, biological, chemical, and hybrid methods, which combine two or more techniques. This review aims to summarize current research studies involved in the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater using conventional, advanced, and integrated treatment techniques. Furthermore, it critically highlights the efficiencies and major limitations of each technique and the prospects for improvements. Several conventional treatment techniques (basically, the physicochemical and biological processes) are discussed. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AoPs), especially electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis, as well as integrated/hybrid processes are found to be effective in removing the recalcitrant fraction of organic pollutants through their various inherent mechanisms. These techniques could effectively remove COD and phenol concentrations with an average removal efficiency exceeding 90%. Hence, the review also presents an elaborate discussion of the photocatalytic process as one of the advanced techniques and highlights some basic concepts to optimize the degradation efficiency of photocatalysts. Finally, a brief recommendation for research prospects is also presented.

Theoretical Model for the Prediction of Water Flux during the Concentration of an Olive Mill Wastewater Model Solution by Means of Forward Osmosis.

Currently, understanding the dynamics of the interaction between the agents in a process is one of the most important factors regarding its operation and design. Membrane processes for industrial wastewater management are not strangers to this topic. One such example is the concentration of compounds with high added value, such as the phenolic compounds present in olive mill wastewater (OMW). This process is a viable option, thanks to the forward osmosis (FO) process, osmotically driven by a saline stream. In this context, the transport of the solute and the solvent through the FO membranes, although essential to the process, remains problematic. This paper presents a study to predict, by means of a theoretical model, the water flux for two membranes (a cellulose triacetate flat sheet and a polyamide hollow fiber with integrated aquaporin proteins) with different characteristics using a sodium chloride solution as the draw solution (DS). The novelty of this model is the consideration of the contribution of organic compounds (in addition to the inorganic salts) to the osmotic pressure in the feed side. Moreover, the geometry of the modules and the characteristics of the membranes were also considered. The model was developed with the ability to run under different conditions, with or without tyrosol (the compound chosen as representative of OMW phenolic compounds) in the feed solution (FS), and was fitted and evaluated using experimental data. The results presented a variability in the model prediction, which was a function of both the membrane used and the FS and DS, with a greater influence of tyrosol observed on the permeate flux in the flat cellulose triacetate membrane.

Feasibility study of common effluent treatment plant for management of industrial wastewater: Case study of Bangladeshi textile industries

AbstractTextile industries play a vital role in the economy of Bangladesh contributing significantly to its gross domestic product. However, they are associated with high environmental pollution, especially water pollution. Since small‐scale textile industries cannot afford the treatment cost of discharged wastewater, they tend to contaminate water sources—both groundwater and surface water. To intervene in response to this situation, the existing treatment system was assessed in the present study. The effluents from industries under this research were analyzed for color, pH, TSS, TDS, chlorides, sulfates, COD, BOD, and total hardness. A Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) with zero liquid discharge was suggested as a solution. It was observed that the water recovery in the proposed scheme by reverse osmosis and salt recovery using nanofiltration were 90%–95% and 80%–90%, respectively. Cost analysis also indicated that the cost of treating water can also be decreased by 18.7% which can show that water recovery is even more affordable for small‐scale industries. Finally, a linear programming model was developed to assist the industries with decision‐making in the selection of treatment schemes. This research revealed that a CETP using zero liquid discharge technology is a potential solution to the environmental crisis due to industrial wastewater discharge. This could ensure reduced water pollution, increased drinking water availability, improved public health, and thus could be a potential driver for environmental sustainability.

Raman spectroscopy and XRF identification: First step in industrial wastewater management

Considering the environmental risk, industrial facilities should strive to maximise the effectiveness of on-site treatment processes. It is important to detect the types of pollutants in wastewater and their concentrations, which can be challenging in industrial conditions. In this study, industrial wastewater samples from pickling and electropolishing of stainless steel were analyzed through Raman spectroscopy and XRF techniques using portable instruments. A 3-step procedure for the rapid identification of type of wastewater was proposed. The identification and analysis of peaks present in the Raman spectroscopy at 900, 990, 1050, 1380 cm−1allows for the differentiation of wastewater type and dilution. The final step is to employ XRF measurements to determine the approximate content of the investigated elements. The use of portable analytical instruments for the estimation of contamination levels is essential for the management of the industrial wastewater neutralization process as well as during emergency operations in cases of accidents.

Quantification of environmental impact potentials within the processes of industrial wastewater treatment system

New innovative management system of industrial wastewater is vital to address the current water demands, energy generation, resource conservation, and mitigating environmental impact from the wastewater treatment processes. For these reasons, the impact assessment of industrial wastewater treatment plant is imperative. Here, we quantified the environmental impact potentials within the processes in the wastewater treatment system considering the life cycle perspective. The treatment system comprises chemical and biological phases. The findings showed that hazardous waste (53.4%) appears as the major contributor of the impact potentials, followed by chemical consumption (38.3%), and electricity (7.5%). Other elements such as activated carbon (0.5%), cationic resin (0.2%), anionic resin (0.03%), and enzymes (0.009%) are relatively smalls in terms of the impact. The reuse of hazardous waste for heat recovery system is one of the initiatives to reduce the impact from hazardous waste generation by 12.2% for 1 m3 of treated water. This assessment may serve as a snapshot on the life cycle perspective of industrial wastewater management system in line with circular economy model that emphasizes rethink, reduce, reuse, and recovery efforts in industrial wastewater treatment management systems.