Management Of Various Complications Research Articles

Investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel septum

Objectives: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel septum (or septa) (WKS), a traditional nutraceutical material in China, has not been explored in detail. In this study, antimicrobial activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant-oxidant status of WKS was investigated in case it may be clinically important in the management of various complications. Methods: The WKS was extracted with ethanol in a Soxhlet device. TPC of WKS was analysed by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. Antioxidant activity was obtained by using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. The antimicrobial activity of WKS was evaluated against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), one Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and one fungus (Candida albicans) strains using the agar diffusion method. Results: The TPC of WKS was found to be 119.42 ± 2.39 mg GAE/gDW. It was determined that total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values were 7.542 ± 0.389 mmol/L, 3.718 ± 0.287 µmol/L and 0.049 ± 0.001, respectively. WKS selectively inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and fungus, while S. aureus was the most susceptible one with 16 mm of inhibition zone. Gram-negative bacteria was resistant to the extract. Conclusions: As far as we know, this paper is the first work that demonstrates the antioxidant-oxidant status of WKS by using the method described above, and moreover there are no scientific reports which have examined WKS in such a multidisciplinary experimental design. This study strongly supports the reported traditional use of WKS. Results indicated that WKS can be used as a pharmacological natural agent due to its high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Evaluate the Potency of Misoprostol for Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Maternal Women

The present study to investigate the extent of use of misoprostol in postpartum hemorrhage. To evaluate the knowledge of prevention and treatment of managing PPH among health care providers. To educate the pregnant women and midwives on the treatment approaches for PPH. The present study was conducted in RVS Institute of Medical Sciences, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh. In the wards of obstetrics and gynecology, especially in the postnatal ward. The materials required for the study are collected from the gynecology and obstetrics department of the hospital included in the study. The study details with all the details of aim, objective, methodology, inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, expected outcome have been submitted to the ethical committee, and after getting a positive opinion from the institution ethics committee(IEC) towards the study, the work has been started. The study included about 316 maternal women. All the women included in the study have been administered with Misoprostol after giving birth to the neonate to prevent the occurrence of atonic PPH, which is the most widely seen complication resulting in birth of maternal women.The common side effects observed in the maternal women were vomiting, which was reported in 27 women out of 316 women. Diarrhea was reported in 12 women out of all study population. Shivering was accounted in 167 women, thus, shivering is the major side effect noted with administration of misoprostol. One women was reported with an elevated diastolic blood pressure of >100 mm of Hg out of 316 women. Manual removal of placenta was necessitated in 19 women. Misoprostol was administered in all the women (n = 316) after 4- 5 hours of delivery. However, it’s needed to increase the mandatory guidelines for management of various complications accounted during delivery to prevent maternal mortality rate.

Challenges in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

The management of sickle cell disease (SCD) and its complications in the COVID-19 era is very challenging. The recurrent sickling process in SCD causes tissue hypoxemia and micro-infarcts, resulting in end organ damage. Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, little data has been published about SCD concerning clinical presentation with COVID-19 and management. Hydroxyurea has been the cornerstone of management in children and adults with SCD, with evidence of its effect on controlling end organ damage. There are several anti-sickling drugs that have been approved recently that might have an additive value toward the management of SCD and its complications. The role of simple and exchange transfusions is well established and should always be considered in the management of various complications. The value of convalescent plasma has been demonstrated in small case series, but large randomized controlled studies are still awaited. Immunomodulatory agents may play a role in reducing the damaging effects of cytokines storm that contributes to the morbidity and mortality in advanced cases. Prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered in every management protocol because SCD and COVID-19 are thrombogenic conditions. Management proposals of different presentations of patients with SCD and COVID-19 are outlined.

Complications of Cranioplasty.

Cranioplasty is a time-honoured surgical procedure to restore the calvarial form and function that is associated with a relatively high complication rate. The present article analyzed various complications and reviewed the complications based on study of the relevant research in the craniofacial literature. Complications were broadly divided into 2 groups, intraoperative and postoperative, for ease of understanding. The etiological factors, local and systemic condition of the patient, prevention, and management of various complications were widely discussed. The article also highlighted problems and complications associated with various reconstructive materials. Insights into various complications of cranioplasty enable surgeon to understand them better, minimize the chances of occurrence, and improve surgical outcome. In spite of reported high rate of complications, serious complications like meningitis, air embolism, and death are rare.

Pertinence des marqueurs sériques du premier trimestre pour prédire les complications de la grossesse : étude prospective tunisienne

ObjectivesIdentify applications and utility of serum markers dosed in the first trimester in predicting, early diagnosis and management of various complications of pregnancy. MethodsEight hundred and eighty patients were included in this prospective regional study performed in the governorate of Bizerte in northern Tunisia in collaboration between the private and public sectors. Serum markers of the first quarter, PAPP A and βhCG, were measured in the same laboratory. The performance of these markers was studied in the prediction of adverse pregnancy complications. ResultsThe prevalence of various pregnancy complications was 8.6% for birth prematurely, 9.2% for hypertension or preeclampsia, IUGR 5.8% and 7.3% for loss pregnancy. PAPP A levels were lower in fetal loss group (P=0.005), vascular disease group (P=0.001) and preterm delivery group (P=0.001). In addition, a lower rate of βhCG was associated with the occurrence of placental pathologies such as growth retardation (P=0.037) and hypertension (P=0.034) and appears to have no predictive value in the occurrence of preterm birth (P=0.76) and fetal loss (P=0.189). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant predictive value of these markers. ConclusionSerum markers of the first trimester appear to have adequate predictive validity of adverse pregnancy complications. A risk predictive model could be designed based on these markers and involving maternal and ultrasound features in order to target prophylactically a high risk population.

Comparison of transcerebellar diameter in growth restricted and normal singleton fetuses for the assessment of gestational age: A case control study

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important cause of perinatal mortality. Early diagnosis of IUGR babies is an essential component in the management of various complications. Recognition of IUGR begins with the assessment of gestational age. Multiple biometric parameters including transcerebellar diameter can be used to predict the gestational age. Whether transcerebellar diameter can be used similarly for assessing gestational age in normal and growth restricted fetuses needs to be determined in Pakistani population. Thus, this study was designed to measure and compare the transcerebellar diameter between normal and growth restricted fetuses among pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. Methods: This was a case control study. Singleton fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation were identified as cases and all the singleton fetuses with normal growth were identified as controls. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean transcerebellar diameter of normal fetuses group was 34.02±3.56 mm, while mean transcerebellar diameter of growth restricted fetuses group was 35.29±3.37 mm. Moreover, no significant difference was found in transcerebellar diameter between normal and IUGR fetuses while adjusting for maternal age and parity (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.813-1.041). Conclusion: Transcerebellar diameter was found to be same between normal and growth restricted fetuses. Therefore this parameter can be used as one of the important tools in assessing the gestational age in normal and growth restricted fetuses and can be helpful for obstetricians in appropriate management of various complications during pregnancy.

Cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy: an analysis of complications

Objective To discuss the incidence,influencing factors and management of various complications following cranioplasty.Methods The clinical data of 302 patients who received cranioplasty in our hospital from Jan.2005 to Jan.2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Fifty-two(17.22%) patients were found to have complications after operation,with 10 of them having more than two complications.The complication rates in patients with preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) scores of GCS 3-5,GCS 6-8,GCS 9-12,and GCS 13-15 were 44.44%,29.63%,13.98%,and 9.24%,respectively(P0.001).Conclusion The complication rate following cranioplasty increases with the severity of brain injury;measures should be taken for early prevention,discovery,and treatment so as to obtain a better prognosis.

Oral Complications and Its Management during Radiotherapy

ABSTRACTCancer is a class of diseases in which a cell or a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion, and sometimes metastasis. The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx. About 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the mucosal lining (epithelium) of these regions. Radiation therapy is the most common form of treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy. There are different forms of radiation therapy, including 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy and brachytherapy, which are commonly used in the treatment of cancers of the head and neck. There are both acute and long-term sequelae of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) that occur because of effects on normal tissues. Radiotherapy-induced oral complications are complex, dynamic pathobiological processes that lower the quality of life and predispose patients to serious clinical disorders. Radiotherapy-induced damage in the oral mucosa is the result of the deleterious effects of radiation, not only on the oral mucosa itself but also on the adjacent salivary glands, bone, dentition, and masticatory musculature and apparatus.Dental surgeons should organize and implement preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of various complications due to radiotherapy. The clinical features, diagnosis and management of various complications are discussed here. This article mainly presents a brief overview of the whole program of oral evaluation and proper care before, during and after the radiotherapy, managing all the common problems involved.

Oral Care Of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy And Radiotherapy: A Review Of Clinical Approach

Citation V Singh, S Malik. Oral Care Of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy And Radiotherapy: A Review Of Clinical Approach. The Internet Journal of Radiology. 2006 Volume 6 Number 1. Abstract Chemotherapy may be either an alternative to surgery or adjunct to surgery or radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Dental surgeons can expect to be called on to care for patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Dental surgeons should organise and implement preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of various complications due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The diagnosis and treatment of various complications like mucositis, infections and hemorrhage are discussed here. A programme of oral evaluation and care before, during and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy is presented in this article.

Sleeping Threshold Change Causing Failure of Artificial Cardiac Pacing

To the Editor.— Along with environmental, metabolic, and pharmacologic influences on artificial cardiac pacing, important threshold changes have been reported to occur incident to changes in physical activity. 1 Clinically evident interruption of pacing as the result of these influences has largely been reported as a result of drug administration. 2,3 We have recently seen a patient in whom a pacemaker malfunction occurred only during sleep. Report of a Case.— A 74-year-old white man underwent initial implantation of an artificial pacing system in November of 1962 for a stable arteriosclerotic third-degree heart block. Since that time the patient has undergone 12 different procedures incident to the management of various complications causing pacemaker failure. These include, over the years, skin erosion with extrusion of the pulse generator, wire fracture, infection of the battery pocket, electrode dislocation, battery fatigue, and finally threshold change. He was seen in the office on Dec 23,