Management Of Soft Tissue Sarcomas Research Articles

Oncology

The October 2024 Oncology Roundup360 looks at: Composite reconstruction: is it the answer for pelvic resections?; Can the cartilaginous thickness determine the risk of malignancy in pelvic cartilaginous tumours, and how accurate is the preoperative biopsy of these tumours?; Incidence and survival outcomes of patients with high-grade appendicular bone sarcoma and isolated regional lymph node metastasis; Improved metastatic-free survival after systematic re-excision following complete macroscopic unplanned excision of limb or trunk soft-tissue sarcoma; UK guidelines for the management of soft-tissue sarcomas; Current management of desmoid tumours: a review.

Preoperative sequential chemotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with comprehensive surgical resection for high-risk soft tissue sarcomas: a retrospective study.

The management of soft tissue sarcomas presents considerable therapeutic challenges. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant sequential chemotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy in conjunction with extensive surgical resection for the treatment of high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. We performed a retrospective review of 31 high-risk soft tissue sarcoma patients treated at our institution from June 2021 to June 2023. The cohort consisted of 21 males and 10 females with a mean age of 55.7 years and included both initial and recurrent disease presentations. Our treatment regimen comprised two to three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy coupled with hypofractionated radiotherapy, delivered at 5 Gy per fraction to a total dose of 25-35 Gy across 5-7 days, prior to surgical resection aimed at achieving wide margins. Data collection was systematic, covering surgical outcomes, chemoradiotherapy-related complications, and prognostic factors. All patients completed the prescribed course of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. 29% patients experienced grade 3+ chemotherapy toxicity, necessitating a reduction or interruption in their chemotherapy regimen. Limb preservation was accomplished in 30 patients finally. Response evaluation using RECIST 1.1 criteria post-neoadjuvant therapy revealed 9.7% with PD, 58.1% with SD, 29% with a PR, and 3.2% with a CR, culminating in an ORR of 32.2%. Postoperative complications included superficial wound infections in four patients and deep incisional infections in another four. 6 patients had developed metastasis, and 3 patients were still alive. Two experienced local recurrence. One-year DFS was 79.3%, with a one-year OS rate of 89.6%. Neoadjuvant sequential chemotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by extensive surgical resection represents an effective treatment paradigm for high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. This multimodal approach not only facilitates tumor reduction but also significantly reduces the risks of local recurrence and distant metastasis.

Soft tissue sarcomas: Disease burden and health system response in Peru.

e23557 Background: The management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) presents a challenge in Peru, with a fragmented health system and few centers specialized in sarcoma care. There is no national cancer registry, which does not allow us to have a real view of the most prevalent types. Our aim was to determine the incidence in Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) and to know the real care capacity of cancer centers nationwide. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in INEN between 2009 and 2015 to know the incidence of STS. Also, a survey was carried out to determine the real capacity of diagnosis and treatment care of cancer centers located in different regions of our country. Results: We were able to determine the anatomopathological diagnosis in 1804 (100%) patients. 52,1% were male (n = 899). Median age was 43 years (15-96). The most frequent sarcoma was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with 482 patients(27.9%), followed by liposarcoma in 269 (15,6%) and leiomyosarcoma in 159 (9%). The most common primary location was the limbs with 892 patients (51.7%), followed by the abdomen and pelvis with 423 (24.5%), and the least common was the head and neck with 207 patients (12%), followed immediately by the thorax with 205 patients (11.9%). According to the region of origin, 551 (31.9%) patients came from the northern region, 175 (10.1%) from the south, 35 (2%) from the east, 308 (17.8%) from the central region, and 658 (38.1%) from Lima and Callao. We obtained responses from 20 oncology centers of the Ministry of Health along 12 regions operating nationwide. Eight (40%) oncology centers are located in Lima and twelve (60%) in the rest of Peru. 100% (n = 20) of centers have medical oncologists, 70% (n = 14) have surgical oncologists, 65% (n = 13) have traumatologist and pathologist. About capacity of resolution: 100% (n = 20) perform direct biopsy of soft tissue tumors and 60% (n = 12) perform image-guided biopsies; regarding pathology, 95% (n = 19) performed morphological approach and 45% (n = 9) immunohistochemistry studies. 100% (n = 20) can perform ultrasound studies, 95% (n = 19) tomography, and 35% (n = 7) magnetic resonance imaging. 90% (n = 17) accomplish radical surgeries and 60% (n = 12) limb sparing surgeries. 85% (n = 17) enforce chemotherapy treatment. Only 50% (n = 10) have a radiotherapy service. 25% (n = 5) hold multidisciplinary meetings continuously while 40% (n = 8) hold them occasionally for complex cases. Only 8 oncology centers (out of a total of 20) have all the services to care for the complexity of a patient with soft tissue sarcoma, the majority (n = 3) located in Lima. Conclusions: Nearly 1,800 patients have been diagnosed in this reference institution in a period of 5 years, however it represents an underestimation of the real incidence. Cancer centers that can provide complete care for patients with soft tissue sarcomas are scarce, creating a gap in care for this pathology.

UK guidelines for the management of soft tissue sarcomas.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare tumours arising in mesenchymal tissues and can occur almost anywhere in the body. Their rarity, and the heterogeneity of subtype and location, means that developing evidence-based guidelines is complicated by the limitations of the data available. This makes it more important that STS are managed by expert multidisciplinary teams, to ensure consistent and optimal treatment, recruitment to clinical trials, and the ongoing accumulation of further data and knowledge. The development of appropriate guidance, by an experienced panel referring to the evidence available, is therefore a useful foundation on which to build progress in the field. These guidelines are an update of the previous versions published in 2010 and 2016 [1, 2]. The original guidelines were drawn up by a panel of UK sarcoma specialists convened under the auspices of the British Sarcoma Group (BSG) and were intended to provide a framework for the multidisciplinary care of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. This iteration of the guidance, as well as updating the general multidisciplinary management of soft tissue sarcoma, includes specific sections relating to the management of sarcomas at defined anatomical sites: gynaecological sarcomas, retroperitoneal sarcomas, breast sarcomas, and skin sarcomas. These are generally managed collaboratively by site specific multidisciplinary teams linked to the regional sarcoma specialist team, as stipulated in the recently published sarcoma service specification [3]. In the UK, any patient with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma should be referred to a specialist regional soft tissues sarcoma service, to be managed by a specialist sarcoma multidisciplinary team. Once the diagnosis has been confirmed using appropriate imaging and a tissue biopsy, the main modality of management is usually surgical excision performed by a specialist surgeon, combined with pre- or post-operative radiotherapy for tumours at higher risk for local recurrence. Systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) may be utilised in cases where the histological subtype is considered more sensitive to systemic treatment. Regular follow-up is recommended to assess local control, development of metastatic disease, and any late effects of treatment.

Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Marrakech: About 37 Cases

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS), comprising less than 1% of adult malignancies, pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their rarity and heterogeneity. This retrospective study spanning five years at the University Hospital Center - Mohammed VI, Marrakech, aimed to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological profiles of 37 STS cases for standardized therapeutic insights. STS diagnoses, predominantly dermatofibrosarcoma and light cell sarcomas, exhibited symptomatic presentations such as swelling and pain. Surgical interventions, emphasizing limb-sparing techniques, thin skin transplants, and flap reconstructions, were central in the management. The average follow-up of 18 months revealed instances of local recurrence and mortality. Challenges in early diagnosis were underscored, given non-specific symptoms and delayed consultations. Multidisciplinary management involving oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, radiotherapists, and surgeons played a pivotal role. Radiological characteristics and diagnostic biopsies guided surgical interventions. The study stressed adherence to established guidelines, emphasizing sufficient surgical margins for enhanced local control. While acknowledging the complexity of STS, the conclusion emphasized a multidisciplinary approach, underscoring surgery’s pivotal role. The abstract advocates for awareness campaigns to improve management in specialized centers, acknowledging the need for further research on the roles of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in STS treatment. The succinct abstract highlights key findings and recommendations for clinicians and researchers in the field.

Evaluation of delays to multidisciplinary treatment of soft tissue sarcomas at a tertiary cancer center.

62 Background: Management of soft tissue sarcomas often requires coordinated multidisciplinary care including radiation, medical, and surgical oncology. Delays in the multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment may lead to poorer outcomes. Coordination of care through a multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) offering access to all three specialties during the same clinic visit may reduce time from initial evaluation to treatment. Methods: Adult patients treated for soft tissue sarcoma at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center following the opening of a sarcoma MDC in November 2021 to May 2023 were included. Patients were either seen in the sarcoma MDC or separately by oncologic providers (usual care). The primary outcome was delay in treatment initiation, defined as greater than 21 days from initial consultation to first treatment. Reasons for delay were abstracted. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were performed. Results: Among 147 patients, 20 were (13.6%) seen in MDC and 127 (86.4%) by usual care. Initial treatments were surgery (46.9%), radiation (30.6%), or systemic therapy (22.4%). Median time to treatment was 34 days (IQR 14-57 days), which differed by treatment modality (surgery 34 days, radiation 37 days, systemic 18 days). There were no significant differences in time to treatment for MDC patients (33 days, IQR 25-44) versus usual care (34 days, IQR 13-57) (p=0.93). However, a significantly higher proportion of MDC patients received multiple modalities of treatment (75.0% vs 48.8% usual care, p=0.011), with a longer average time to treatment in the multi- versus single-modality groups (41 vs 22 days, p<0.001). Among patients requiring multimodal therapy, median time to treatment was 33 days for MDC patients versus 44 days for usual care (p=0.07). MDC patients were also much more likely to receive radiation (90.0% MDC vs 45.6% usual care, p=0.001). Delays in care (n=76, 51.7% of cohort) were seen in 66.7% (12/18) of MDC patients versus 58.3% (63/108) of usual care patients. The most common reasons for delay were need for additional imaging (29.7%) or preoperative testing (18.8%). Conclusions: In this single-center study, no improvement in time to treatment was seen following the opening of a sarcoma multidisciplinary clinic, likely explained by higher proportion of MDC patients receiving multiple treatment modalities. Primary reasons for delay could be anticipated prior to initial evaluation and represent an opportunity for more active case review prior to in-person evaluation to reduce delays in sarcoma treatment.

Meta-Analysis of Five Fraction Preoperative Radiotherapy for Soft Tissue Sarcoma

There is increasing interest in shorter courses of radiation therapy (RT) in the management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Studies investigating preoperative ultra-hypofractionated 5-fraction RT for STS are few and often limited to single institution experiences with less than 50 patients. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of preoperative 5-fraction RT for STS based on currently published literature, with an analysis evaluating effects of dose delivered. This study level meta-analysis was conducted using Bayesian methods. Statistical estimation for risk of outcome rates were conducted by posterior mean and 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals. Studies with two-year local control (LC) and description of major wound complications (MWC) per the CAN-NCIC-SR2 study were included in this meta-analysis, and these served as the primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included rates of acute and late toxicity. A total of ten studies were identified; seven met inclusion criteria (Kalbasi 2020, Kubicek 2021, Leite 2021, Spalek 2021, Gobo Silva 2021, Bedi 2022, Mayo 2022). Three studies (Kosela-Paterczyk 2014, Kosela-Paterczyk 2021, Potkrajcic 2021) did not include adequate information to accurately determine 2-year LC or MWC. Subgroup analyses were performed for ≥30 Gy vs <30 Gy as the EQD2 of 30 Gy in 5 fractions for an α/β of 3-4 is 50-54 Gy, equivalent to standard preoperative RT fractionation. A total of 208 patients were included from seven studies. Five studies used ≥30 Gy (n = 144) and 2 studies <30 Gy (n = 64). The median follow-up was 29 months (range: 21-57). Primary tumor location was lower extremity in 68%, upper extremity in 22%, and trunk in 10%. In studies with available information, most tumors were intermediate (27%, 46/169) or high grade (67%, 114/169) and 50% (79/158) were >10 cm. Two-year LC for the entire cohort was 96.9% (95% HPD: 0.9374-0.9889) and the rate of MWC was 30.6% (95% HPD: 0.2106-0.4149). Acute grade 2 and 3 dermatitis was seen in 12.7% and 2.2%, respectively. Late grade 2 toxicities included fibrosis (11.1%), stiffness (6.0%), and lymphedema (4.0%) and late grade 3 toxicities included fibrosis (1.8%) and stiffness (0.4%). Grade 4 toxicity was rare and included fibrosis (0.6%) and stiffness (0.6%). There was a trend toward improved LC with ≥ 30 Gy (95% HPD: 0.949-0.997 vs 0.838-0.986). There was no difference in MWC (95% HPD: 0.185-0.420 vs 0.172-0.553) or late toxicity between the two groups. Acute grade 3 dermatitis was seen less frequently with regimens <30 Gy (95% HPD: 0-0 vs 0.009-0.072), however rare overall. Preoperative 5-fraction RT for STS demonstrates excellent 2-year LC with MWC and toxicity similar to standard fractionation preoperative RT. Multi-institutional trials with a universal RT protocol and larger sample size are warranted to assess this novel treatment paradigm.

Cross-species evaluation of fibroblast activation protein alpha as potential imaging target for soft tissue sarcoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study in humans, dogs, and cats.

Complete surgical tumor resection is paramount in the management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in humans, dogs, and cats alike. Near-infrared targeted tracers for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) could facilitate intraoperative visualization of the tumor and improve resection accuracy. Target identification is complicated in STS due to the rarity and heterogeneity of the disease. This study aims to validate the expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) in selected human, canine, and feline STS subtypes to assess the value of FAP as a target for FGS and to validate companion animals as a translational model. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 53 canine STSs (perivascular wall tumor (PWT), canine fibrosarcoma (cFS), and STS not further specified (NOS)), 24 feline fibrosarcomas, and 39 human STSs (myxofibrosarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) as well as six canine and seven feline healthy controls and 10 inflamed tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained for their FAP expression. FAP labeling in tumor, peritumoral, healthy skin, and inflamed tissue samples was quantified using a visually assessed semiquantitative expression score and digital image analysis. Target selection criteria (TASC) scoring was subsequently performed as previously described. Eighty-five percent (85%) of human (33/39), 76% of canine (40/53), and 92% of feline (22/24) STSs showed FAP positivity in over 10% of the tumor cells. A high expression was determined in 53% canine (28/53), 67% feline (16/24), and 44% human STSs (17/39). The average FAP-labeled area of canine, feline, and human STSs was 31%, 33%, and 42%, respectively (p > 0.8990). The FAP-positive tumor area was larger in STS compared to healthy and peritumoral tissue samples (p < 0.0001). TASC scores were above 18 for all feline and human STS subtypes and canine PWTs but not for canine STS NOS and cFS. This study represents the first cross-species target evaluation of FAP for STS. Our results demonstrate that FAP expression is increased in various STS subtypes compared to non-cancerous tissues across species, thereby validating dogs and cats as suitable animal models. Based on a TASC score, FAP could be considered a target for FGS.

Chemoradiotherapy plus hyperthermia (CRTH) versus chemoradiotherapy (CRT) alone in neoadjuvant treatment of soft tissue sarcoma: tumor response, treatment toxicity and disease control

Introduction Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the management of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are still preferably delivered sequentially, with or without concurrent hyperthermia. Concurrent delivery of chemo-, radio- and thermotherapy may produce synergistic effects and reduce chemotherapy-free intervals. The few available studies suggest that concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) has a greater local effect. Data on the efficacy and toxicity of adding hyperthermia to CRT (CRTH) are sparse. Materials and methods A cohort of 101 patients with STS of the extremities and trunk who received CRT (n = 33) or CRTH (n = 68) before resection of macroscopic tumor (CRT: n = 19, CRTH: n = 49) or re-resection following a non-oncological resection, so called ‘whoops procedure’, (CRT: n = 14, CRTH: n = 19) were included in this retrospective study. CRT consisted of two cycles of doxorubicine (50 mg/m2 on d2) plus ifosfamide (1500 mg/m2 on d1-5, q28) plus radiation doses of up to 60 Gy. Hyperthermia was delivered in two sessions per week. Results All patients received the minimum dose of 50 Gy. Median doses of ifosfamide and doxorubicin were comparable between CRT (75%/95%) and CRTH (78%/97%). The median number of hyperthermia sessions was seven. There were no differences in acute toxicities. Major wound complications occurred in 15% (CRT) vs. 25% (CRTH) (p = 0.19). In patients with macroscopic disease, the addition of hyperthermia resulted in a tendency toward improved remission: regression ≥90% occurred in 21/48 (CRTH) vs. 4/18 (CRT) patients (p = 0.197). With a median postoperative follow-up of 72 months, 6-year local control and overall survival rates for CRTH vs. CRT alone were 85 vs. 78% (p = 0.938) and 79 vs. 71% (p = 0.215). Conclusions Both CRT and CRTH are well tolerated with an expected rate of wound complications. The results suggest that adding hyperthermia may improve tumor response.

Indicators of clinical performance in monitoring soft tissue sarcoma management: a population-based perspective.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare malignancies which prognosis varies significantly by primary site, histological subtype, and tumor stage. Their low incidence, and the complexity of their clinico-pathological characteristics demand standardized, cancer-tailored diagnostics and therapies managed at high-volume, multidisciplinary care centers. This study evaluates the quality of STS management in north-east Italy (Veneto Region) through a list of ad hoc defined clinical indicators. This population-based study concerns all incident cases of STS in 2018 (214 cases) recorded in the adult population censored by the Veneto's regional Cancer Registry. Based on the international literature, a multidisciplinary working group of experts identified a set of indicators for monitoring the quality of diagnostic, therapeutic, and end-of-life clinical interventions. The quality of care was assessed by comparing the reference thresholds with the indicators' values achieved in clinical practice. Diagnostic procedures showed poor adherence to the thresholds, with a low percentage of histological diagnoses validated by a second opinion. The indicators relating to the surgical treatment of superficial, small, low-grade STS, or of medium, high-grade STS of the head-neck, trunk, or limbs were consistent with the thresholds, while for intermediate, high-grade (large-sized, deep) and retroperitoneal STS they fell significantly below the thresholds. A critical evaluation of the clinical indicators allowed to uncover the procedures needing corrective action. Monitoring clinical care indicators improves cancer care, confirms the importance of managing rare cancers at highly specialized, high-volume centers, and promotes the ethical sustainability of the healthcare system.

Analysis of the Peritumoral Tissue Unveils Cellular Changes Associated with a High Risk of Recurrence.

The management of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) relies on a multidisciplinary approach involving specialized oncological surgery combined with other adjuvant therapies to achieve optimal local disease control. Purpose and Results: Genomic and transcriptomic pseudocapsules of 20 prospective sarcomas were analyzed and revealed to be correlated with a higher risk of recurrence after surgery. A peritumoral environment that has been remodeled and infiltrated by M2 macrophages, and is less expressive of healthy tissue, would pose a significant risk of relapse and require more aggressive treatment strategies.

Brachytherapy for Organ and Function Preservation in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Adult and Paediatric Patients

Adjuvant radiotherapy is an integral component in the management of soft-tissue sarcomas. Brachytherapy is a very convenient and conformal way of delivering adjuvant radiotherapy in such tumours, which spares the surrounding normal tissue. Randomised studies have established the efficacy of brachytherapy in the adjuvant setting, with a 5-year local control of 80–85%. High dose rate, low dose rate and pulsed dose rate have shown equivalent local control, but high dose rate has gained popularity owing to patient convenience, radiation safety and flexibility in dose optimisation. Freehand insertion perioperative brachytherapy (intraoperative placement and postoperative treatment) is the most commonly used technique in soft-tissue sarcomas, with intraoperative radiotherapy and radioactive seed placement being the less commonly used techniques. Brachytherapy can be used as monotherapy or in combination with external beam radiotherapy, such as in cases of close/positive margins for safe dose escalation. Although the quantum of side-effects with external beam radiotherapy has considerably reduced with the evolution of technology and the introduction of intensity modulation (intensity-modulated radiotherapy), brachytherapy still scores better in terms of dose conformality, especially in recurrent tumours (previously irradiated) and when used to treat paediatric and geriatric patients.

LES SARCOMES DES TISSUS MOUS : ETUDE PROSPECTIVE SUR 45 PATIENTS

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study is to assess the management of soft tissue sarcomas at the Joliot Curie Institute in Dakar. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a span of four years. The parameters examined included epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects. Results: A total of 45 patients were included, with an average age of 37.9 years. The predominant tumor site was the lower limb, accounting for 68% of cases (n=32). The average time for the consultation was 31 months. Imaging modalities included CT scans for 25 patients (53.2%) and MRI for 19 patients (40.42%). Dermatofibrosarcoma was the predominant histological type (13 cases/27.5%). Surgery was performed on 41 patients, while 2 patients underwent radiotherapy. During the follow-up period, 9 recurrences and 9 deaths were recorded. Adverse prognostic factors included tumor size exceeding 5 centimeters (37 patients), involved margins (15 patients), and a high histological grade (21 patients). Conclusion:Soft tissue sarcomas are rare and widespread. While surgery remains the primary curative approach, early diagnosis can significantly enhance the quality of care and patient outcomes. Keywords: sarcoma, soft tissue, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy.

Radiation osteitis: incidence and clinical impact in the setting of radiation treatment for soft tissue sarcoma.

Radiotherapy is an important component of soft tissue sarcoma management. Radiation osteitis is a common radiographic finding identified in the setting of radiotherapy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims to identify the incidence of radiation osteitis in patients who received radiotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma and if a further workup, including a biopsy, was performed for concerning MRI findings. Medical records of patients with soft tissue sarcoma who received radiotherapy from 2008 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with at least one MRI of the sarcoma site following radiotherapy and information regarding radiotherapy treatments were included. MRIs of these patients were reviewed for the presence of radiation osteitis by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The clinical course of these patients including biopsy for concerning MRI findings, local recurrence, and metastasis was recorded. Thirty soft tissue sarcoma patients who received radiation for soft tissue sarcoma were included. Radiation osteitis was present in 18 patients. The time to osteitis present on MRI following radiotherapy completion was a median of 4.5 months. Biopsy for concerning MRI findings was performed in eight patients, five for local recurrence, and three for regional osseous metastasis. Three patients had confirmed osseous metastases. Although radiation osteitis is often a benign imaging finding, it can be difficult to discern these lesions from potentially malignant sites of disease. We recommend multidisciplinary management of soft tissue sarcoma at sarcoma centers to appropriately identify benign from malignant lesions and decide the necessity of a biopsy.

Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Soft Tissue Sarcomas

AbstractSoft tissue lesions are a wide range of tumors of mesenchymal cell origin, occurring anywhere in the body with a vast number of histological subtypes both benign and malignant. These are common in clinical practice and vast majority are benign. This article focuses on soft tissue sarcoma of the trunk and extremities and discusses their imaging guidelines.

New trends in the surgical management of soft tissue sarcoma: The role of preoperative biopsy.

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) accounts for 1% of all malignant neoplasms in adults. Their diagnosis and management constitute a challenging target. They originate from the mesenchyme, and 50 subtypes with various cytogenetic profiles concerning soft tissue and bones have been recognized. These tumors mainly affect middle-aged adults but may be present at any age. Half of the patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and require systemic therapy. Tumors above 3-5 cm in size must be suspected of potential malignancy. A thorough history, clinical examination and imaging that must precede biopsy are necessary. Modern imaging techniques include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/CT. MRI findings may distinguish low-grade from high-grade STS based on a diagnostic score (tumor heterogeneity, intratumoral and peritumoral enhancement). A score ≥ 2 indicates a high-grade lesion, and a score ≤ 1 indicates a low-grade lesion. For disease staging, abdominal imaging is recommended to detect early abdominal or retroperitoneal metastases. Liquid biopsy by detecting genomic material in serum is a novel diagnostic tool. A preoperative biopsy is necessary for diagnosis, prognosis and optimal planning of surgical intervention. Core needle biopsy is the most indicative and effective. Its correct performance influences surgical management. An unsuccessful biopsy means the dissemination of cancer cells into healthy anatomical structures that ultimately affect resectability and survival. Complete therapeutic excision (R0) with an acceptable resection margin of 1 cm is the method of choice. However, near significant structures, i.e., vessels, nerves, an R2 resection (macroscopic margin involvement) preserving functionality but having a risk of local recurrence can be an acceptable choice, after informing the patient, to prevent an unavoidable amputation. For borderline resectability of the tumor, neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy has a place. Likewise, after surgical excision, adjuvant therapy is indicated, but chemotherapy in nonmetastatic disease is still debatable. The five-year survival rate reaches up to 55%. Reresection is considered after positive or uncertain resection margins. Current strategies are based on novel chemotherapeutic agents, improved radiotherapy applications to limit local side effects and targeted biological therapy or immunotherapy, including vaccines. Young age is a risk factor for distant metastasis within 6 mo following primary tumor resection. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy lasting 5-6 wk and surgical resection are indicated for high-grade STS (grade 2 or 3). Wide surgical excision alone may be acceptable for patients older than 70 years. However, locally advanced disease requires a multidisciplinary task of decision-making for amputation or limb salvage.

Short term outcome of treatment with percutaneous cross Kirschner wires in paediatric distal humeral metaphyseal diaphyseal junction fractures

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are malignant tumours arising from mesenchymal tissue, comprising &lt;1% of all the tumours of the human body and represent the second most common type of solid tumours in children and adolescents. Surgical resection is considered the mainstay of treatment, supported by multimodal therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Resource-limited countries, like Pakistan, face additional challenges due to inadequate resources. This study presents the experience of management of soft tissue sarcomas presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Central Lahore.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: This was an observational study conducted in Surgical Unit I of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from January 2017 till June 2022. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system and Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) resection classification was applied. Surgical treatment including R0, R1 and R2 resections were carried out. SPSS 23 version was used for statistical analysis of collected data.&#x0D; Results: A total of 36 patients; 24 male (66.7%) and 12 females (33.3%) were included. Anatomical site involvement was observed as 23 (63.8%) limb sarcomas and 13 (36.1%) trunk sarcomas. Out of 36 patients, 20 (55.6%) patients were staged as stage II, 11 (30.5%) patients as stage III and 5 (13.9%) as stage I. Total 17 (47.2%) patients underwent wide excision, 13 (36.1%) patients underwent limited excision, 4 (11.1%) patients underwent compartmental excision and 2 (5.6%) patients underwent palliative excision. &#x0D; Conclusion: Thigh was the commonest site of involvement in extremity sarcomas. Retroperitoneal sarcomas were most frequent among trunk tumours. Leiomyosarcoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis followed by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Most of the patients presented with stage II disease.&#x0D; Keywords: Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Presentation, Resection, Histology, Outcome

Spectrum of soft tissue sarcomas: Experience of surgery at a tertiary care referral hospital in Central Lahore

Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are malignant tumours arising from mesenchymal tissue, comprising &lt;1% of all the tumours of the human body and represent the second most common type of solid tumours in children and adolescents. Surgical resection is considered the mainstay of treatment, supported by multimodal therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Resource-limited countries, like Pakistan, face additional challenges due to inadequate resources. This study presents the experience of management of soft tissue sarcomas presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Central Lahore.&#x0D; Patients and methods: This was an observational study conducted in Surgical Unit I of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore from January 2017 till June 2022. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system and Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) resection classification was applied. Surgical treatment including R0, R1 and R2 resections were carried out. SPSS 23 version was used for statistical analysis of collected data.&#x0D; Results: A total of 36 patients; 24 male (66.7%) and 12 females (33.3%) were included. Anatomical site involvement was observed as 23 (63.8%) limb sarcomas and 13 (36.1%) trunk sarcomas. Out of 36 patients, 20 (55.6%) patients were staged as stage II, 11 (30.5%) patients as stage III and 5 (13.9%) as stage I. Total 17 (47.2%) patients underwent wide excision, 13 (36.1%) patients underwent limited excision, 4 (11.1%) patients underwent compartmental excision and 2 (5.6%) patients underwent palliative excision. Recurrence was observed in 8 patients for which palliative 2 (5.6%), limited 3 (8.3%) or potentially curative resection 3 (8.3%) was performed.&#x0D; Conclusion: Thigh was the commonest site of involvement in extremity sarcomas. Retroperitoneal sarcomas were most frequent among trunk tumours. Leiomyosarcoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis followed by malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Most of the patients presented with stage II disease. Resectional surgery, whether curative or palliative, was found to be the management modality of choice. Rhabdomyosarcoma most frequently recurred within 6 months of potentially curative surgery (R1), most likely due to compromised initial resection.

Determining functional outcomes after resection and reconstruction of primary soft tissue sarcoma in the lower extremity: A review of current subjective and objective measurement systems.

The surgical management of soft-tissue sarcoma has evolved significantly over the last two decades due to the routine use of adjunct therapies, with an increased focus on postoperative functional outcome. The literature suffers from methodological inconsistency and use of low quality outcome measures to assess an already heterogeneous population. This article aims to review the most frequently used subjective and objective methods of functional outcome assessment and highlight the current benefits and limitations of these.

Management of soft tissue sarcomas of the chest wall: a comprehensive overview.

Sarcomas of the chest wall are rare and their current treatment regimen is diverse and complex due to the heterogeneity of these tumors as well as the variations in tumor location and extent. They only account for 0.04% of newly diagnosed cancers of whom about 45% comprise soft tissue sarcomas. Larger cohort studies are scarce and often focus on one specific treatment item. We therefore aim to provide helicopter view for clinicians treating patients with sarcomas of the chest wall, focusing mainly on soft tissue sarcomas. This overview includes the value of neoadjuvant systemic or radiotherapy, surgical resection, approaches for thoracic wall reconstruction, and the need for follow-up. Provided the heterogeneity and relative rarity, we recommend that treatment decisions in soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall are discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board at a reference sarcoma center or within sarcoma networks to ensure personalized, rational decision making. A surgical oncologist specialized in sarcoma surgery is crucial, and for extensive resections involving the thoracic cavity we recommend involvement of a thoracic surgeon. In addition, a specialized medical- and radiation oncologist as well as a plastic surgeon is required to ensure the best multimodality treatment plan to optimize patient outcome.