Social Security Management Research Articles

The Constitutional Perspective of Indonesian Social Security System

Some of the values contained in the regulation of the National Social Security System Law (SJSN) and the Social Security Management Agency Law (BPJS) are contrary to constitutional values. The purpose of this paper is to examine the conflict of values. The study was conducted using normative legal research methods, which focused on the statutory and theoretical approach. This study found that social welfare mandated by the 1945 Constitution to the state is developed through the national social security system: (a) as an obligation, (b) to empower the weak and incapable people to develop themselves in accordance with human dignity, and (c) in order to fulfill basic needs, both the right to education, the right to health, and the right to get a job. In addition, although the 1945 Constitution does not specify the pattern of the social security system to be developed, the SJSN Law and the BPJS Law use a mixed model between social insurance from participants and social assistance from the state to the poor. Based on this, it is recommended to adjust the formulation of legal norms of the SJSN Law and BPJS Law contained with constitutional values.

Analysis of Factors Influencing BPJS Membership Status in the Independent (PBPU) and Non-Worker Segments

Introduction: Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is a significant agenda outlined in the SDG 2030. In order to achieve UHC, Indonesia established the Social Security Management Agency (BPJS) in 2014. Nearly a decade after its establishment, BPJS experienced a financial deficit in its first six years, followed by a surplus during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has impacted the sustainability of BPJS Health. One of the factors contributing to the financial deficit is the non-compliance of participants in paying BPJS contributions, particularly in the Non-Wage Earner/Self-Employed/Independent (PBPU) and Non-Worker segments who are required to pay contributions individually. When participants fail to pay contributions for six consecutive months, their membership status is converted to inactive. From the 2022 BPJS Sample Data, it was found that 799,384 out of 2,305,435 (34.67%) participants had inactive membership status. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors influencing BPJS membership status in the Independent and Non-Worker segments. Method: The method that used in this study is quantitative analysis of secondary data from the 2022 BPJS Sampel Data with the Linear Probability Model (LPM), Logit and Probit Models. The analysis is conducted using STATA to obtain univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. Result: From a sample of 545,507 participants, if was found that 54.20% had inactive membership status. Factors such as age, gender, marital status, treatment class, healthcare facility type, and participant segmentation affect membership status. The LPM regression results indicate that the factors leading to inactive membership status are being of productive age, male, belonging to class 1 and 2, utilizing primary healthcare facilities, and being in the Independent segment. Conclusion: Therefore, stateholders such as the central government and BPJS need to collaborate in efforts to reduce the number of inactive membership statuses.

EXPLORING TRENDS IN SOCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

Social security systems worldwide encounter a range of challenges including poverty, inequality, pandemic-induced impacts, non-traditional employment, aging populations, and threats posed by the collaborative economy. These challenges call for various reforms that encompass private sector engagement, expenditure reduction, expanded coverage, improved management practices, decoupling benefits from employment, inclusion of local stakeholders, and support for self-employed workers. Implementing these reforms is imperative for safeguarding the well-being of vulnerable populations. The current bibliometric review aims to analyse research trends related to social security management. This review utilised ScientoPy and VOSviewer to comprehend the nature of collected datasets from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The findings of this review revealed that the number of publications in both databases peaked in 2019, suggesting that previous studies continue to be interested in the current topic. The scholarly publication “Social Security Bulletin” is renowned for its extensive coverage of social security management research for empowering employees welfare. The keyword “social security” has significantly impacted the thematic content of scholarly social security management for the past three decades, from 1990 to 2023, as previous researchers have used it most frequently. Based on overlay visualisation mapping, the current review demonstrates that the terms "coverage," "social security legislation," and "atypical work," have been accorded greater significance since 2018. This study provides a thorough and worldwide perspective on the crucial subjects of social security management in order to empowerment of employees welfare. It is aimed at potential readers and researchers interested in better understanding these concepts and conducting more rigorous research on social security management.

THE IMPACT OF FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS ON SOCIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The increasing prevalence of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs), such as gig work, part-time work, and remote work, has raised concerns about the sustainability and adaptability of social security systems worldwide. This systematic review aims to examine the impact of these arrangements on social security programs. The problem statement emphasizes the importance of understanding the implications for social security, including changes in contributions, demographics, and the need for policy adaptation. Through a systematic approach, the review analyzes academic literature from Scopus and Econbiz databases, focusing on studies providing empirical insights into the effects of FWAs on social security systems. The findings of the review are synthesized from seven primary studies (n=7), revealing critical dimensions of the issue. Key among these is the challenges posed to social security programs, including reduced contributions due to irregular income patterns and demographic changes as the workforce ages. Additionally, the findings highlight the necessity for legal and policy adjustments to accommodate the nuances of FWAs. The review identifies several gaps in current research, particularly the need for more longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of FWAs on social security systems. Looking forward, this review suggests avenues for future research, emphasizing the importance of exploring the intersection of FWAs with technology and globalization. It also calls for more comprehensive studies on the efficacy of new policy adaptations in various socio-economic contexts. By offering a comprehensive understanding of how FWAs are reshaping global social security management, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners dealing with the dynamics of complex work and social welfare relations.

How does enforcement of social insurance law minimize income gaps within firms: From a perspective of worker bargaining power

Attaining common prosperity is a fundamental necessity for Chinese modernization, and the key is to minimize the income gap at the micro level. This paper utilizes the implementation of the Social Insurance Law as an external policy shock to create a quasi-natural experiment. Based on A-share listed firms spanning 2007 to 2019, the difference-in-difference (DID) method was adopted to investigate the effects of enhanced social security collection and management on income disparity within firms. This paper reveals that implementing the Social Insurance Law can effectively narrow the income gap within firms and the impact mainly through strengthening workers' negotiating power.

SOCIAL SECURITY OF THE CITY: CONTENT, IMPACT FACTORS AND EVALUATION INDICATORS

The article focuses on the importance of developing the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of the city's social security management. It was emphasized that cities play a significant role in the growth of the national economy and the socio-economic development of regions, being centers of productive forces cultivation, engines of innovative changes in the economy and the life of the population, centers of education, culture and art. At the same time, they can accumulate problems related to ensuring the social and economic security of their residents. This article reveals the content of national security according to Ukrainian legislation, the essence of the state's economic security and social security as its integral part. The approaches of scientists to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of «social security of the region» have been analyzed. A conclusion was made about the insignificant number of definitions of the category «social security of the city» in the scientific literature. The content of the term «social security of the city» is proposed to be understood as the state of development of the city's economy and social sphere, achieved by building effective management subsystems (economic, social, environmental), that ensure the social interests and social needs of the city's residents, their quality of life at the level of the relevant state social standards. The set of factors affecting the level of social security of the city is divided into four groups in the article: economic, financial, social and environmental. It is recommended to form a set of social security indicators for defined groups. Examples of indicators for assessing the level of social security are given. It is proposed to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the level of social security of the city by calculating an integral indicator. To do this, using the method of expert evaluation, it is necessary to establish weighting coefficients for the selected indicators and determine reference or limit values for each indicator and, on their basis (using the selected methodology), calculate the integral indicator of social security of the city.

OSH risk analysis with hazard identification risk assessment and control (HIRARC) method at NPK Fertilizer Production Department of PT X

According to Menurut BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Social Security Management Agency of Manpower), there has been a constant increase in occupational accidents in the last 7 years, where by 2022 it reached 265.334. The NPK factory of PT X is a petrochemical factory that produces NPK fertilizer. In it's production process, it needs nitrogen, phosphate, kalium and clay as it's raw materials. In addition to the chemical materials for it's production purposes, PT X utilizes modern machineries to make the process easier. From this description, it can be concluded that the production of NPK fertilizer would create a number of hazards which may lead to occupational accidents (OA) as well as occupational diseases (OD). This study aims to analyze the OSH risks which are present at the NPK factory of PT X using the method of Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control. This is a quantitative study with observational descriptive approaches. It was found out that before the implementation of risk control, the NPK factory of PT X had the extreme risk rate of 75%, high risk rate of 14%, and medium risk rate of 3% from the total of 28 existing hazards (100%). Upon the implementation of control on the 28 hazards, PT X experienced the decrease in risk rates as follows: high risk 11%, medium risk 23%, and low risk 7%. Keywords: OSH risk analysis, Hazard Identification Risk Assessment And Control.

Exploring Emerging Trends in Social Security Management – A Literature Review

This study explores the ever-changing field of social security administration, emphasizing the significance of adjusting to change and new trends. We follow the development of social security systems across time, noting significant turning points and placing them in the context of political, economic, and cultural contexts. Current issues, such as shifting demographics and the impact of technology, provide as a foundation for investigating new trends. Examining change-influencing elements including political ideology, economic stability, and globalization helps to show how intricately the social security paradigm is shaped. The difficulties experienced by current systems in adjusting to change are emphasized through an analysis of these difficulties, which include opposition, technological obstacles, and financial ramifications. A road map for negotiating the changing environment is provided by adaptation methods, which include regulatory frameworks, technology integration, and social and cultural sensitivity. This study advances a comprehensive knowledge of social security by integrating insights from other disciplines. It provides practitioners, scholars, and policymakers with insightful viewpoints to help shape the direction of inclusive and sustainable social security governance.

Shaping the Future of Social Security Management Beyond Retirement: A Review of Literature

This research delves into the advancements, in managing Social Security with the goal of navigating the complexities of today’s socio landscape. By conducting a literature review and examining studies this paper explores significant transformations taking place within social security systems. Notable innovations encompass the integration of technologies, contribution models, personalized retirement planning, inclusive coverage for nontraditional workers flexible policy adjustments, international coordination efforts, applications of behavioural economics and strategies for managing longevity risks. The analysis synthesizes insights from perspectives to inform policymakers researchers and stakeholders about how social security management's evolving in response to demographic changes, technological advancements and shifts, in the workforce.

Управління соціальною безпекою в умовах цифрової економіки: локальний рівень

The conditions of the digital economy set a new context for social security management. The use of digital technologies can help streamline processes, increase efficiency, and ensure a rapid and accurate response to social challenges. That is why the presented study is up-to-date and of relevace. The aim of the publication is to define the main features of the social security management system in the digital economy, taking into account the local level, that is, the level of the city. The main methods of the carried out study are: analysis and synthesis – to define the main components of social security management at the local level, as well as the main features of the digital economy in the context of social security; deduction and induction – to define the components of social security at different levels of management; method of comparison – to define the features of the levels of social security management; graphical method – for visual display of the provided results. The main results of the carried out study can be considered the following identified features of social security in the digital economy: development and implementation of platforms for the provision of social services online, which simplifies citizens’ access to social support; the use of digital identifiers for citizens in social protection systems and the issuance of electronic cards to access the services; ensuring a high level of cybersecurity to protect personal data and prevent cyber threats; application of analytical tools to identify social trends, forecasting the needs and development of social programs; the use of artificial intelligence to optimize the allocation of resources and determine priorities in the social sphere; introduction of chatbots and virtual assistants for consultations and provision of information on social services; implementing digital solutions in social protection programs to make them more flexible and efficient; automation of the processes of assigning and paying social benefits to speed up the provision of support; introduction of electronic systems for the exchange of medical information and electronic medical records; ensuring the possibility of remote medical consultations and electronic prescriptions; creation of electronic platforms for education and advanced training for the unemployed and low-income groups; development of electronic labor markets and platforms for online employment. The digital economy opens up new opportunities for improving the management of social security, simplifies access to social services and allows for more effective resolution of social problems. At the same time, it is important to take into account the aspects of cybersecurity, privacy, and accessibility of digital solutions for all segments of the population.

КРЕАТИВНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ЛЮДИНИ НА РЕЛОКОВАНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ

The innovative management of social security entails active leadership involvement in fostering employee initiatives, cultivating a conducive environment for creativity, and implementing innovative strategies to enhance working conditions and employee welfare. This is why the authors delve into pertinent issues surrounding personnel social security within Ukrainian enterprises amidst wartime, exploring innovative approaches to managing such security. The research aims to analyze contemporary challenges regarding human social security within enterprises, which gain newfound significance in times of war and subsequent recovery. Amidst the backdrop of innovation and technological advancement, this issue assumes greater importance, necessitating effective tools and systems to support citizens. Recent social crises such as the coronavirus pandemic and military aggression from Russia have prompted a transformation in social security, with an increasing focus on military defense and physical safety. Traditionally, human social security encompasses safeguarding citizens' interests, rights, freedoms, and providing psychological support. Of particular concern is the establishment of a specialized social security system within enterprises to ensure employees' protection and well-being. Under normal circumstances, the enterprise's social security system constitutes a stable framework continually enhanced through the introduction of new tools and functionalities. Safeguarding human social security within enterprises amidst geostrategic threats necessitates thorough analysis and effective measures to uphold peace and stability. The research assesses factors influencing the level of social security for enterprise personnel, highlighting the role of creativity as a transformative instrument in shaping and reshaping human social security systems. It is evident that creativity can be harnessed through the available intellectual potential within the enterprise. These transformative processes are particularly pertinent for relocated enterprises grappling with wartime challenges while adequately addressing the social needs of their personnel. The outcome of the article is the provision of recommendations for establishing an effective system of human social security at the organizational level, integrating elements of creativity and innovative approaches into the enterprise's social infrastructure to ensure its sustainable development and welfare.

Charting sustainable routes: Navigating uncertainty in the supply chain for lasting loyalty

This study investigates the dynamics of literacy, trust, awareness, loyalty, and corporate sustainability among Social Security Management Agency (BPJS) of Employment. Social Security Management Agency (BPJS) of Employment in West Java, Banten, and Lampung Province, Indonesia. Employing structural equation modeling, the study reveals significant relationships and mediating effects. Literacy emerges as a key factor, positively impacting loyalty and corporate sustainability. Trust is found to directly influence corporate sustainability but not loyalty. Awareness significantly affects both loyalty and corporate sustainability. Notably, loyalty plays a mediating role in the relationships between literacy, awareness, and corporate sustainability. These findings contribute to literacy and engagement models, sustainability frameworks, and mediating models in organizational literature. Practical implications include the recommendation for literacy enhancement programs, multifaceted trust-building strategies, proactive communication campaigns, and loyalty-building initiatives. Future research recommendations encompass longitudinal studies, diverse organizational settings, mixed-methods approaches, exploration of moderating variables, and intervention studies. The research contributes to a nuanced understanding of participant engagement and sustainability perceptions, offering actionable insights for organizations, particularly those in the public sector like Social Security Management Agency (BPJS) of Employment.

Auditoria operacional dos sistemas previdenciários: achados do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Ceará

The national public administration is preceded by being monitored and supervised given the large resources that are allocated to the provision of services that society needs, leaving the courts of accounts to their control and measurement. With regard to the management programs of the private pension systems, the courts began to audit actuarial management and the accounting entries referring to long-term provisions for the payment of retirement and pension benefits. The Federal Court of Auditors presented irregularities and the Court of Auditors of the State of Ceará carried out operational audits related to the municipal regimes, and asked: what were the findings of the operational audit? The answer came through research of an interpretive nature with a qualitative approach and a case study in two municipalities of the six audited. It was concluded that: the municipal social security management in the State is recurrent in the irregularities and vices in the processes of acquisition of goods, products, or services; actuarial estimates are defective and incapable of assessing the sustainability capacity of the social security system, with indications of the absence of adherence tests for the workforce, actuarial cash flow incompatible with future execution, and inconstancy in results; absence of recording mathematical provisions in the balance sheets, originating from actuarial estimates; and absence of projections of actuarial liabilities in the tax statements. The audits studied pointed out recommendations and determinations to managers, which must be monitored by the body with the possibility of sanctioning and returning resources to public coffers.

Abnormal Behavior Recognition for Human Motion Based on Improved Deep Reinforcement Learning

Recognizing abnormal behavior recognition (ABR) is an important part of social security work. To ensure social harmony and stability, it is of great significance to study the identification methods of abnormal human motion behavior. Aiming at the low accuracy of human motion ABR method, ABR method for human motion based on improved deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed. First, the background image is processed in combination with the Gaussian model; second, the background features and human motion trajectory features are extracted, respectively; finally, the improved DRL model is constructed, and the feature information is input into the improvement model to further extract the abnormal behavior features, and the ABR of human motion is realized through the interaction between the agent and the environment. The different methods were examined based on UCF101 data set and HiEve data set. The results show that the accuracy of human motion key point acquisition and posture estimation accuracy is high, the proposed method sensitivity is good, and the recognition accuracy of human motion abnormal behavior is as high as 95.5%. It can realize the ABR for human motion and lay a foundation for the further development of follow-up social security management.

Інтегральне оцінювання стану соціальної сфери економічної безпеки України

The main purpose of this article is to assess the actual state of social security in Ukraine and construct an integral indicator based on the proposed methodology and compare it with the methodology used by the Ministry of Economy of Ukraine. To adequately assess the dynamics and state of social security of the state, an analysis of data for an eleven-year period (2010-2020) was carried out, which confirms the reliability of the research obtained. Effective management of social security is possible thanks to an effective public administration system. The proposed methodology provides opportunities for effective government management of social security based on the use of an integral index.

СУЩНОСТНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ

The article considered the theoretical aspects of the concept of social security, also identified groups of threats to social security, their types and characteristics, assessment indicators and their threshold values. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of modern scientific literature by Russian and foreign authors, focused on the essential aspects of social security. The purpose of this study is to study the essential aspects of social security management. 17 scientific articles in the field of social security management were analyzed. The study highlights the factors of social security of the state: an effective mechanism for regulating social institutions; economic independence of the state; the constant growth of the country's economy and the stability of improving the quality of life of the population; human development; meeting the material, social and spiritual needs of citizens, reducing the level of social and property inequality of the population, primarily due to the growth of its income. A grouping of threats to social security has been compiled, including: incorrect decisions of political leaders and government institutions; instability of the life of society and the state due to national contradictions; actions of political movements and parties that provoke violations of human rights and freedoms; threats arising from violations of the provisions of the Constitution; strengthening of the criminal situation in the state; threats to the health of the population of the country; economic threats. The indicators for assessing threats to social security are presented and it is concluded that the more indicators for measuring social security are presented and the more accurately the weight of each indicator is indicated, the more accurately the level of social security can be calculated.

Research on the application of UAVs in the security of major events

UAVs have developed rapidly in the police due to their mobility, concealment, wide field of vision, shocking, and other attributes, especially in emergency response, aerial investigation, security guards, social security management, and emergency rescue And other aspects have played advantage and improved work efficiency. As the application of police drones in various police department departments becomes more and more extensive, some problems are increasingly exposed and highlighted in actual combat applications. It is urgent to standardize and improve the application of police drones to improve the Three-dimensional combat capability effectively. The article analyzes this. The construction of an efficient UAV application system for the security of significant events is the functional requirement of the police in the new era. It is an essential means to improve social security's comprehensive prevention and control capabilities and realize the integration of air and ground for significant events. This paper mainly discusses building a UAV public security prevention and control system from the aspects of construction background, requirements, key protection locations, and critical technologies.

Application Optimization of Cloud Management Mode in Information Technology in Sudden Social Security Incidents

With the change of social structure and management mode, emergency social security incidents have become the focus of social security management. In order to solve the problems of insufficient overall performance and low security in the practical application of cloud management mode in traditional social security emergencies. With the use of improved pick-KX load balancing algorithm and RSA encryption algorithm, this paper optimizes the cloud computing model and applies it to the cloud management mode of emergent social security events. Then the optimized cloud management model is simulated and evaluated by the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. The simulation results reflect that the proposed cloud management model in this paper is able to effectively improve the management effect of social security events.

Advocacy of Midwives Referring Patients for Sectio Caesarea in Second-Level Health Care Provider Social Security Management Agency in Bantul

Some women consider vaginal delivery to be a difficult and dangerous delivery process so that Sectio Cesarea (SC) tends to be chosen even though the SC method has a risk of infection. In the past, SC was still a scary thing, but with midwifery technology the paradigm is starting to shift. Now SC delivery is often an alternative choice of delivery even without medical indication. Midwives cannot refer without medical indication if using BPJS Kesehatan. This qualitative descriptive study with an empirical judicial approach, namely analyzing the trend of increasing SC action in private hospitals, types of medical indications and non-medical indications for SC action, advocacy of midwives in referral of SC patients, and collaboration between midwives and Second-Level Health Care Provider Social Security Management Agency. The results of the SC action study were based on medical indications according to 19 screening for mothers who gave birth to be referred. Children are expensive, cannot stand the pain and can't wait to go through the labor process as a reason for non-medical indications for SC action, Midwives advocate for normal delivery if there is a medical indication that a referral will be made, Midwifery collaboration is carried out according to Social Security Management Agency provisions and there is no fee, except for general patients but it was the doctor who provided not the referral hospital. Midwife advocacy is needed to be able to suppress SC action without medical indication and the Government can improve Social Security Management Agency services to be more integrated.

The Function and Influence of Social Security Management System

The Function and Influence of Social Security Management System