Public-private Partnership Management Research Articles

Public-Private Partnerships in the Healthcare Sector and Sustainability: Managerial Insights from a Systematic Literature Review

This article aims to critically understand the current state of the art of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector and to highlight implications useful for implementing sustainability-oriented PPPs. By employing text mining to analyze the sampled articles, we identify the main themes distinguishing healthcare PPPs and sustainability. We critically discuss the narrative underlying the results achieved in terms of emerging topics: governance, managerial tools, barriers, advantages/disadvantages, and big data. Finally, we propose a literature-driven framework on PPP management that identifies implications – systemic approach, technical managerial skills, governance balance, operational instruments – that can facilitate the development of sustainability-oriented PPPs in the healthcare sector.

A systematic review of artificial intelligence in managing climate risks of PPP infrastructure projects

PurposeRecent United Nations Climate Change Conferences recognise extreme climate change of heatwaves, floods and droughts as threatening risks to the resilience and success of public–private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects. Such conferences together with available project reports and empirical studies recommend project managers and practitioners to adopt smart technologies and develop robust measures to tackle climate risk exposure. Comparatively, artificial intelligence (AI) risk management tools are better to mitigate climate risk, but it has been inadequately explored in the PPP sector. Thus, this study aims to explore the tools and roles of AI in climate risk management of PPP infrastructure projects.Design/methodology/approachSystematically, this study compiles and analyses 36 peer-reviewed journal articles sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed.FindingsThe results demonstrate deep learning, building information modelling, robotic automations, remote sensors and fuzzy logic as major key AI-based risk models (tools) for PPP infrastructures. The roles of AI in climate risk management of PPPs include risk detection, analysis, controls and prediction.Research limitations/implicationsFor researchers, the findings provide relevant guide for further investigations into AI and climate risks within the PPP research domain.Practical implicationsThis article highlights the AI tools in mitigating climate crisis in PPP infrastructure management.Originality/valueThis article provides strong arguments for the utilisation of AI in understanding and managing numerous challenges related to climate change in PPP infrastructure projects.

Improving the management of public-private partnership in the conditions of change

Introduction. This paper examines the important task of improving public-private partnership (PPP) management in a constantly changing environment. In an era marked by economic fluctuations, political changes, technological progress and societal demands, PPPs must demonstrate adaptability, flexibility and a forward-looking approach. Key findings highlight the critical importance of adaptability, transparency and stakeholder engagement in navigating changing landscapes. Flexible contract structures, clear risk allocation, and sound risk management practices are becoming important tools to overcome the complexities of change. The findings from this study offer a comprehensive framework for improving the governance of PPPs, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and effectiveness of these partnerships in the face of change. The purpose of the paper is to explore the strategies and approaches to improve the management of PPPs in changing conditions. Results. This research underscores the need for flexible contract design, continuous monitoring, and robust risk management strategies in response to changing circumstances. The trends reflect the changing landscape of public-private partnerships driven by technological advances, environmental imperatives and the globalization of best practices. The study highlights the significance of transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement as pillars of trust-building and risk mitigation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the value of adaptive leadership, technology integration, long-term planning, and diversified funding sources in ensuring the sustainability and effectiveness of PPP projects. Conclusion. The conclusions drawn from this research offer a comprehensive framework for enhancing PPP management, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and effectiveness of these partnerships in the face of change. Further research is also proposed to explore specific areas of PPPs, such as the impact of emerging technologies and environmental considerations, to inform future practices and policies.

Public-Private Partnership: A Bibliometric Analysis and Historical Evolution

The broad and extensive application of public-private partnership (PPP), as well as the divergent documented definitions and experiences, have led to a translucent perspective of PPP and strained academia and industry to reach a consensus on the major practice of this concept. Early contractor involvement (ECI), governance tools, and relational contracting are only a few of the frameworks attributed to PPP. This issue has received limited attention from researchers, despite the focus of review studies on different disciplines of PPP. Hence, this paper puts forward the idea of conducting a comprehensive review to not only shed light on the major practice of PPP but also provide a wider outlook on this concept based on the research carried out since 1979. A narrative review is initially accomplished to identify the major drivers and milestones that have contributed to the evolution of PPP. Employing bibliometric analysis in the following phase assists in conducting a multi-dimensional assessment of studies published within the last five decades. The economic and societal practices of PPP throughout its evolution path signified the dominant application of this concept as a business model. The bibliometric analysis revealed that PPP has contributed to various sectors, i.e., urban development, public infrastructure, transportation, health, and education, just to name a few. In addition, economic and organizational management of PPP was revealed as a major research stream that was accompanied by sustainable development. As a matter of fact, economic and environmental sustainability are the major cross-disciplinary elements that form an interplay between the drivers and attributes of PPP. Value for money (VfM), technology, and innovation, along with smart infrastructure (SI) and smart cities (SCs), are identified as the major directions for the future research agenda associated with PPP.

Development of public-private partnership in international practice

Introduction. One of the anti-crisis tools that allow the economy to resist the negative trends that have developed, as well as to ensure and strengthen its sovereignty, is the public-private partnership (PPP) The purpose of the paper consists in the study of foreign experience of the functioning of public-private partnership, the study of its features and the implementation of positive developments of foreign countries in domestic practice. Results. The experience of partnership relations between government and business in economically developed countries is actively focused on new, traditionally state-owned industries, which in turn confirms the fallacy of artificially restricting business areas prioritized for PPPs. In each state, PPP is at a different stage of development, has its own distinctive features: the most acceptable forms, industry specifics, legal and institutional environment. A more detailed study of foreign experience showed that each of the countries has its own most priority sector of PPP use. In foreign practice, there is no single organizational and legal mechanism for PPP implementation. However, to ensure effective management of PPPs, as practice shows, the functioning of a single management body with a highly qualified staff of employees who have experience in the field of management and skills in promoting projects of various levels of complexity is necessary in each country. The creation of these bodies, as a rule, is initiated by the state executive power with full management control, or they are formed with the support of business, but with a majority stake in the charter of these joint ventures. This allows these bodies to perform functions related to PPP support at all levels of the organization, implementing a strategy in the field of PPP institute development at all levels of government, preparing and equipping all PPP project participants in various areas with project documentation and methodical recommendations, choosing a method of support through the distribution of state PPP funding, and others. Conclusion. The judicious use of foreign experience for the development of PPPs in our country will help increase the effectiveness of this model of interaction between the state and the private sector. This form of cooperation will allow Ukraine to reach a new level of competitiveness and significantly increase its level of development in the world community.

ASSESSMENT THE MANAGEMENT’ READINESS FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN IRAQI PORTS AND IMPROVING THEIR CAPABLITIY EFFECTIVNECE

Basra Ports represent the only artery of Iraq, which contribute effectively to the development of the economic and social sectors. Despite the many existed research studies that dealt with the implementation public and private partnership (PPP) and their roles in achieving growth and development in the economic activities they were not adequately addressed the extent to which the performance and capability the management of PPP projects in the ports of Iraq were evaluated and determined their problems. This study aims to design a frame work for assessment the readiness the management of PPP projects in Iraq's ports, and how to improve their performance in order to enhance the PPP contributions in economic development. The study investigated the perceptions of a sample of 76 managers of ministries of planning , transportation , general Company for ports Of Iraq and PPP decision makers in order to evaluate and assessment the readiness of the management of public private partnerships in Iraqi ports by designing questionnaires and then investigated all 57 managers of these PPP in order to illustrate problems which obstacle their work and improve the performance of their Companies of partnership projects contracting with Basra general company for ports(BGCP)of Iraq. The output was Shown that the readiness of the management of PPP was below the acceptable level and suggested which determined by World Bank and suggested ways to address the PPP for enhancing and to be more effective in the process of economic development in Iraq and can manage and bid for developing the Grand Al Faw port which will be the greatest port in the middle east , the research illustrated problems facing the PPP and suggested ways to tackled the problems in order that PPP will be more capable for operating ports process.

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), road tolling and highway infrastructure investment in Zimbabwe

Over the last decade, developing countries have been promoting public-private partnerships (PPPs) as an alternative approach to developing infrastructure and services. This is done by utilising the efficiency and innovation of the private sector and enabling access to private-sector finance through public-private partnerships (PPP). Importantly, PPPs ensure more value for money than traditional financing options and highway and transportation infrastructure revenue sources. The study is qualitative, relied on the extensive review of written documents. In light of this, the study explores the utility and efficacy of PPPs in road tolling initiatives and highway infrastructure investment in Zimbabwe. Emphasis was placed on the PPP arrangement between the Zimbabwe National Roads Administration (ZINARA) and a South African company- Group Five, which saw road tolls being erected and operationalised to fund Zimbabwean highway infrastructure. The paper established that despite this PPP arrangement being a success, as seen by the faster completion of the trunk roads, lower project lifecycle costs, better risk allocation, faster implementation of public works and services, improved service quality and additional revenue streams a myriad of operational and administrative challenges equally dogged it. To this effect, the paper, therefore, recommends some strategies to strengthen and enhance the adoption, operationalization, and management of PPPs for road tolling and highway infrastructure investments in developing countries.

Dynamics in network governance of infrastructure public-private partnerships: evidence from four municipalities of China

ABSTRACT In public administration studies, public-private partnerships (PPPs) networks remain insufficient in terms of more advanced network measures and dynamic evolution. To address this issue, this study uses the infrastructure PPPs of four municipalities in China (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing) as examples, and builds collaborative networks to illustrate the dynamic evolutionary roles of participants. Depending on PPPs management policies of China, infrastructure PPPs networks were divided into three stages along with three governance patterns: government-led network, third-party-led network and construction entity-led network. The findings provide implication for the government sectors to engage in public service delivery and make governance strategies.

Do regional characteristics influence PPP contract governance skills requirements?

PurposeThis study aims to seek, on the basis of Hofstede's culture consequences, to explore the notion that regional characteristics may influence the prioritisation of certain types of public-private partnerships (PPP) contract governance skills over others. It further sets out to determine which skills are considered the most critical between the groups of respondents surveyed.Design/methodology/approachTo bring this important and neglected perspective into the mainstream of PPP discussions, the study, being of an exploratory nature, relied on a survey of 340 respondents from around the globe. The respondents are a rich mix of public policy experts, economists, construction professionals, project finance experts, lawyers and academic researchers in PPP.s.FindingsAnalysis revealed that, regional characteristics was an important factor influencing skills prioritisation. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis with Monte Carlo principal component analysis (PCA) confirmation revealed that project management, contract design, negotiations, performance management and stakeholder management skills were very critical for successful contract management of PPP projects.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that the design and implementation of regulatory governance for infrastructure PPPs should be context-specific rather than the current one-size-fits all model. Training should be tailored to reflect regional specific characteristics.Originality/valueStudies are increasingly pointing to the absence of critical PPP skills among institutions responsible for managing PPP contracts. This lack of capacity has resulted in poor oversight of private companies providing public services resulting in poor services, and financial recklessness, which threaten the sustainability of service provision.

Addressing Challenges and Enhancing Sustainability in Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in China

This conceptual paper examines the challenges faced by Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in China and proposes strategies to enhance their sustainability. Through an analysis of the background, factors, and aspects influencing PPPs, valuable insights are gained to contribute to the existing literature. The regulatory framework, risk allocation, and financial viability are identified as key challenges. Lessons from the literature emphasize the importance of a consistent regulatory framework, proper risk allocation, and realistic financial evaluations. Transparency, stakeholder engagement, and capacity building are crucial aspects for sustainable PPPs. The findings have implications for policymakers and practitioners, providing guidance for improving PPP practices. Future directions focus on strengthening transparency, stakeholder engagement, and capacity building to foster sustainable PPP implementation and management.

Public-private partnership management systems: analysis of foreign experience

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (PPP) management systems, highlight their country-specific features and present the most successful practices of its development. The article presents foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) project management systems, highlights their country-specific features and presents the most successful practices of its development. The authors touched upon aspects of legislative and regulatory support, principles of the PPP management and development system, long-term planning of infrastructure development, tools and methods, creation and organization of public administration bodies within the framework of PPP.The result of the article is the collection and study of data on the implementation and implementation of the PPP mechanism in foreign countries, based on the collected data, during the study of practical experience accumulated in the field of public-private partnership, to determine the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. As part of the study methods of analysis, theoretical and logical methods of generalization, comparison and comparison, deduction and induction, methods of formalization, logical interpretation, methods of logical reasoning, the method of tabular representation of the results, analysis and evaluation were used. The main results and practical relevance of the work are systematized foreign practice of regulatory and legal support of the PPP project management system, the organization of the public administration system in the framework of PPP, which allowed to define the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. The authors have made recommendations for improving the PPP system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

How South Africa Governing Their Services Contract in Public Private Partnership: A Systemic Review Study

Governance is very important in the commitment to continue cooperation in the public-private partnership (PPP). By using the literature study method, this research tries to explain the forms of partnerships that exist in the South African country. Based on research with the theme of PPP in the South African country. Based on the information gathered in this article, there are 3 issues found in PPP in South Africa: health, food security, and public services. This study also explains the variables that exist in PPP management such as actors, regulations, and service arrangements. In general, the government still plays an important role in partnerships with the private sector, so it is still difficult to clarify the pattern of work contracts.

State audit of public–private partnerships: Effects on transparency, auditor's roles, and impact on auditee's reactions

AbstractSupreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) play an active role in the government's accountability to the parliament. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are a different route used to deliver infrastructure‐based public services by private sector entities compared to traditional public procurement. Due to their nature, PPPs raise specific issues related to transparency for public accountability and SAIs, through the independent and competent audit they provide, may enhance the information content of the accountability relationship between the government and the parliament. We conducted a documentary analysis of 16 PPP audit reports issued by the Portuguese Court of Auditors (CoA) to analyze the audit process and outputs. Overall, our evidence suggests that the CoA, through the audit reports, reduced the information asymmetry by disclosing relevant information for more comprehensive public scrutiny and political accountability of PPPs and made several recommendations towards better PPP governance and management. Furthermore, our findings corroborate the two functions of SAIs, which can both be found in the same audit report: the watchdog function (magistrate and public accountant roles), drawing attention to failures at different stages of the PPP cycle, and the shepherding function (management accountant role), providing advice to the Government towards best practices on PPP governance and management. Considering the Government's reactions to the audit reports and the information available about CoA's recommendations implementation, there are doubts about the desired audit impact on the auditee's change of PPPs governance and management.

Solutions to complete state management for road traffic infrastructure investment in BOT form

This article recommends resolutions to improve the state management of road transport infrastructure investment in the form of BOT (Building - Operate - Transfer) in Vietnam, on the basis of Vietnam's practice and international experience. Accordingly, the group of authors solves 05 basic issues affecting the state management of PPP (Public - Private - Partnership) projects in Vietnam, including: State management’s regulatory documents; State management model, content and management method; Personnels participating in PPP; Financial instruments and management; Investment environment. The authors used qualitative and quantitative research methods to identify factors affecting state management and eliminate duplicate factors and factors with small impacts. Through the multivariable regression equation, there is the general formula Y= ?0 + ?1 X1 +…+ ?n Xn as the basis for the solution system. The conclusions drawn from the study help the state management to get a comprehensive view of the BOT projects that have been implemented in the past time to make adjustments and gradually improve the investment model in the form of PPP in general and BOT in particular.

Perceived Quality and Users' Satisfaction with Public-Private Partnerships in Health Sector.

In Portugal, the government has accepted private management within public hospitals since 1996. The objectives of the state were to ensure more efficiency in resource management and maintain or increase the service quality provided to the users. Four public hospitals have been managed with a public–private partnership (PPP) approach. This study aimed to empirically analyse the degree of satisfaction of the Portuguese population regarding the service quality provided by PPP and Public Management Hospitals (PMH) within a structural equation model, and verify if people’s literacy level, age, education, and income moderate their opinions. The study used 2077 valid questionnaire responses applied in the four regions served by the eight hospitals. The results show that the users of the PPP hospitals are more satisfied than those from PMH with statistical significance. Literacy level moderates the relationship between perceived quality and users’ satisfaction, and education moderates the same relationship only in the context of PPP hospitals. More educated people with a high literacy level are more demanding, both regarding PPP and PMH hospitals. Nevertheless, the results are very beneficial to the PPP model; thus, improved decision-making regarding contract renewal might help policymakers consider the findings of this paper.

Project and Process Management of Public-Private Partnerships: Managerial Tensions and Coping Strategies

Western governments increasingly use public-private partnerships (PPPs) to solve complex social problems. This article examines how public managers handle conflicting demands for classical project management and collaborative process management in PPPs for preventing negative social control. Building on theories of public governance, PPP management, and paradox management, it develops an analytical framework for studying managerial tensions in PPPs. Applying the framework in a case study of three Danish PPPs, it shows how partnership managers handle managerial tensions through strategies of opposition, separation, and synthesis. The study demonstrates a promising path of integrating paradox management theory in public governance hybridity research.

Evaluating the Management of Public Private Partnerships for the Provision of Affordable Housing in Nigeria

The Impact of Public Private Partnership is beginning to be more pronounced in emerging markets like Kenya and Nigeria as a preferred means for the delivery of Infrastructure and Housing. In terms of its popularity, the adoption and growth of Public private partnerships has been traced to under performance of Government Budgeting and lack of sufficient funding available to government for financing the different strategically important and development focused projects (including Social Housing), this is also in addition to governments poor risk management capabilities. The challenges facing public funding and its impact on the country’s development have increased the potential for public-private partnerships as an alternative to infrastructure and housing. The study examined the impact of public-private partnerships on affordable housing in Nigeria. It also includes other purposes; examining the impact of management contracts on the provision of affordable housing in Nigeria to identify the impact of the joint venture on the provision of affordable housing in Nigeria. The research adopted the survey research plan and used a structured questionnaire as a tool for data collection. Data analysis was performed in addition to mean and percentage descriptive statistics, as well as correlation and regression analysis. The results showed that Build Own Operate & Transfer Policy has a significant impact on the provision of affordable housing in Nigeria and Lease Contracts has a positive impact on the provision of affordable housing in Nigeria. The study concludes that for public-private partnerships to flourish and achieve affordable housing, each partnership must identify measures of success, be able to quantify and monitor their performance, and identify and address emerging issues. It was suggested that the government take responsibility for ensuring that an enabling institutional environment and infrastructure is provided to support PPP execution. It was also proposed that the government adopt and establish a Viability Gap funding framework to attract private sector participation. As alternative and effective sources of funding will promote affordability and enable public-private partnerships to thrive for the identification, development, funding, implementation, and successful management of affordable housing PPP’s in Nigeria.

RESEARCH ON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF CIVIL AIR DEFENSE PPP PROJECTS USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS

Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode is increasingly applied in civil air defense (CAD) projects to improve project quality and reduce the government’s financial pressure. Because CAD project has different attributes during wartime and peacetime states, it’s necessary to comprehensively consider the project performance under different states to conduct scientific performance measurement. This paper focuses on the process of construction, operation, and handover of CAD PPP project to construct a unified project performance measurement indicator system, then a system dynamics (SD) model is established to carry out dynamic performance measurement and simulation of CAD PPP project under different social states respectively. A case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SD model, model validation, sensitivity analysis and result analysis were included as well. The study result can make the project performance management of CAD PPP more scientific and reasonable, and help decision-makers to formulate effective performance improvement strategies. It’s found out that government plays an important role in CAD PPP projects, when resources are limited, the government should give priority to measures such as reducing tax rates and increasing subsidies to ensure project benefits. The research methods can also provide reference for performance measurement of other PPP projects.

From paper to practice: an exploratory study of policy making and implementation in alternative forms of healthcare public-private partnership in Ghana.

There has been growing advocacy for public-private partnership (PPP) in healthcare in both policy and academic circles over the last 3decades. However, our understanding of the tensions between the policy cycle and critical organisational trade-offs that characterise alternative forms of healthcare PPPs remains limited. In this paper, we use Walt and Gilson's policy analysis triangle to explore the policy and practice of two alternative models of healthcare PPPs-autonomous and integrative partnerships-at the sub-national level in Ghana, a typical case of a polycentric health management structure. The study is a sequential exploratory qualitative design, consisting of review of four policy documents and in-depth interviews with 13 key informants, comprising health managers from the regional and district health directorates, and medical directors of selected private health facilities. Our findings reveal that in spite of the natural potential of integrative PPP models to present a relatively stronger policy capacity to the private partner than autonomous models, the capacity of sub-national level public-private actors to participate in policy making and implementation remains very limited across both models. We further find that effective policy making and implementation requires significant governance attention to building the policy capacity of actors across vertical and horizontal levels of the partnership, regardless of the model of engagement. We suggest that this is achievable through instrumental multistakeholderism in PPP policy, planning and management. The paper contributes to developing understanding of the policy and practice of healthcare PPP in polycentric institutional settings.

New Methodological Approaches to Review Governance and Financing Arrangements in Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Skill Systems: A Data Collection Tool (DCT) 4.0 for Facilitating Self-Assessment Processes

The European Training Foundation (ETF) is more than aware that effective -good multilevel- governance arrangements in Vocational Education and Training (VET)-and Skill policies-is key for having sound skills in the labour market. The ETF developed new Data Collection tool 4.0 (DCT) to implement self-assessments working with partner countries (PCs) in governance and financing arrangements involving, at least, seven different categories of policy stakeholders (e.g. governmental actors-public servants-, social partners, private actors, key experts). This -innovative- tool contains 65 indicators for self-assessing seven governance- and financing- functions including institutional coordination mechanisms (e.g. strategic and legislative framework, management of public-private partnerships, VET providers network, evaluation, research and data analysis provision, councils/committee’s system etc.). The DCT 4.0 has been piloted in 5 ETF PCs (Albania, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Uzbekistan). The results might inform further policy development driven by governance and financing arrangements/issues in ETF PCs (or perhaps, beyond). Further, this tool for policy analysis could inspire advisory processes focusing on how to support systemic reforms and/or carry out monitoring implementation-and/or policy review-, based on different types of governance and financing arrangements. The pilot experience developed in COVID 19 times, confirmed that online facilitation is a good way to get good results. However, the human touch factor is essential to facilitate such self-assessment in more impactful way as it could be embedded in real time into current policy dialogue strategies in the countries.