Management Of Organic Solid Waste Research Articles

Anaerobic digestion of winery solid waste in a two-stage membrane process: Effect of loading rate on biomethane production

The wine industry causes a high amount of solid waste with high organic content at different parts of the production line. One of the best strategies to overcome organic solid waste management problem is anaerobic digestion, as It allows renewable energy production and waste reduction together. The OLR is considered one of the most important operating parameters in continuous or semi-continuous anaerobic operations, as it affects the overall performance of anaerobic digestion systems. Therefore, appropriate OLR determination plays a crucial role in anaerobic digestion. This study investigated the effect of OLR on the performance of a TAnMBR treating (winery solid waste) WSW in terms of biogas and biomethane production. To this end, the production of biogas and biomethane from WSW via a TAnMBR at four different OLRs (0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 gVS/Lreac d) was investigated. Biogas production rates were 677, 850, 1265, and 566 ml/gVS and biomethane production rates were 352, 450, 679, and 251 ml/gVS respectively, during 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 gVS/Lreac d OLR operating conditions. Results revealed that proper biogas and biomethane production can continue until the OLR is 1.5. VFA accumulation can be considered as the main inhibition reason, at 1.5 OLR VFA/Alk ratio increased up to 1.6 with 1864 mgHAc/L VFA concentration. Additionally, phenol and sulfate concentrations were below 45 and 48 mg/L during operation, respectively, therefore it is considered that no inhibition occurred due to these parameters.

Transforming Organic Solid Waste Management: Embracing Humification for Sustainable Resource Recovery

Transforming Organic Solid Waste Management: Embracing Humification for Sustainable Resource Recovery

Organic Solid Waste Management by Producing Eco-Enzymes from Fruit Skin in Permata Tembalang

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry in 2020 estimates that waste dumps in Indonesia will be 67.8 million tons. However, organic waste management in Indonesia is still relatively low. The accumulation of organic waste in the landfill, which usually causes unpleasant odors and potentially cause an explosion due to the production of methane gas from natural decomposition processes, can be avoided by prioritizing waste management from the source. An alternative way to handle organic waste is make eco-enzymes because it is efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly. This is the focus of the community service team. The community service method is carried out in three stages, including the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the final stage. The preparation stage consists of doing a module for sorting organic waste and its utilization (making eco-enzymes). The next phase consists of socialization, education, and training on sorting organic waste and making the right eco-enzymes. The final stage consists of evaluation and making a final report. The expected result after education, socialization, or training has been carried out by the community service team, the community members, especially RT 04 RW 05 Permata Tembalang, know better and understand the sorting and utilization of organic waste.

ANALYSIS OF MILLICOMPOST AND ITS EFFECTS ON PLANT GROWTH

Millicomposting is a novel green technique used to produce organic compost from organic waste with the aid of specific millipede species. It is one of the economically and environmentally friendly methods of organic waste processing. Millicomposting is a newly becoming organic solid waste management strategies. The present research work was carried with the objective exploring the millicomposting processing. In this experiment, the kitchen vegetable waste of Yadava college hostel was processed by two millipede species, Aulacobolus newtoni and Arthrosphaera dalyi. The macronutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were evaluated in millicompost and conventional compost and assessed the growth efficiency of plant, Solanum lycopersicum. Results: The nutrient status and growth efficiency of millicompost processed by millipede species produced from kitchen waste were more than conventional compost. Moreover, the millicompost produced by Arthrosphaera dalyi processed higher nutrients and growth efficiency than that of Aulacobolus newtoni. This study promising that millicomposting is an ecofriendly method to solve the acute problem of solid waste.

Modeling consumer home composting intentions for sustainable municipal organic waste management in Iran

Home composting (HC) can be a cost-effective strategy for organic solid waste management. This option is also desirable since HC is increasingly automated, with HC machines composting faster than conventional composting in outdoor settings. Besides, HC may reduce organic solid waste management costs, especially for developing countries with scarcer resources. Taking Iran as a study case, the paper examines the influence of variables pertaining to the theory of planned behavior, the value-belief-norm framework, and the technology acceptance model. This study uses data collected from a territory-wide survey (n = 367) of Isfahan's residents to predict HC intentions. The results show that both attitude and subjective norms appear as the most impactful of all variables. These results further vary according to sex, with women being significantly more prone to HC than men. The findings may provide a reference to implement HC in Iran and other developing countries and possibly developed ones.

Plano de negócio para a produção de húmus em sistema big bags

Com a implantação da PNRS - Lei 12.305/10, ampliou-se a busca por soluções sustentáveis para a gestão dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos, uma das alternativas viáveis ambiental e economicamente é a vermicompostagem. Nosso objetivo foi analisar um plano de negócios para a implantação de um modelo de produção de vermicomposto em sistema de Big bags, originado de resíduos vegetais e animais. Utilizou-se Big bags com capacidade de 1.000 kg (bolsas de fertilizantes reutilizados). Para a produção do húmus misturouse: folhas secas (6,25%), esterco curado (72,13%), água (15,62%) e minhocas (Eisenia Foetida, 6%) provenientes da propriedade. Estes materiais foram acondicionados na Big bag, todo o processo de transformação em húmus ocorreu em 73 dias, com produção final de 320 kg de húmus/0,542 m³ com umidade de 47%. O sistema foi composto por três Big bags que corresponderam a um módulo de produção, e para essa avaliação utilizou-se dois módulos, obtendo-se assim, a produção final escalonada de 320 kg/mês. Através de indicadores financeiros (ROI, TIR, VPL e Payback) foi possível obter a lucratividade de 60,68% que equivaleu à R$ 667,44/mês, verificou-se que o retorno do investimento inicial se conclui ao terceiro mês neste modelo de negócio, além do pró-labore de R$261,25/mês equivalente a ¼ de um salário mínimo (R$1.045,00). Verificouse que a produção de húmus em Big bags + vermicompostagem, é viável ao produtor rural, por ser uma nova alternativa de renda e auxiliar na redução dos impactos ambientais causados pelo descarte incorreto dos resíduos orgânicos gerados em propriedades rurais.

Towards a bio-based circular economy in organic waste management and wastewater treatment – The Polish perspective

Bio-based solutions are expected to ensure technological circularity in priority areas such as agriculture, biotechnology, ecology, green industry or energy. Although Poland, unlike the other EU member states, has not yet adopted a precise political strategy to promote bioeconomy, it has taken several actions to enable smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. This goal can be achieved by developing selected bioeconomy-related areas such as the biogas industry together with novel technologies implemented to optimize treatment of municipal sewage and management of organic solid waste. Here, the relatively strong status of the Polish biogas sector is presented. The widely used practice of sewage sludge biomethanation has led to construction of numerous complex installations combining biological wastewater treatment plants with anaerobic digesters. Based on physico-chemical processing of biostabilized sludges, a novel method for efficient granulated soil fertilizer production is elaborated, in line with the concept of circular economy and the notion of “waste-to-product”. It is also shown that anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludges can be optimized by co-digestion with properly selected co-substrates to increase bioprocess yield and improve the resultant digestate fertilizer quality. The problem of post-fermentation eutrophic sludge liquors, environmentally hazardous waste effluents requiring proper treatment prior to discharge or field application, is addressed. Attempts to optimize biological treatment of digestate liquors with complex microbial consortia are presented. The Polish innovations described show that the “zero waste” path in circular bioeconomy may bring advantageous results in terms of transformation of waste materials into commercial, added-value products together with recovery of water resources.

Microbial community in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor and its performance in treating organic solid waste under controlled and deteriorated conditions

The adoption of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for organic solid waste management is important for the recovery of energy and high-quality treated water. However, few studies have focused on AnMBR treatment of high-strength organic solid waste and the microorganisms involved under deteriorated operating conditions. In the present study, a 15-L bench-scale AnMBR was operated using a model slurry of high-strength organic solid waste with the organic loading rate (OLR) increasing from 2.3 g chemical oxygen demand (COD) L−1 day−1 (represented as a controlled condition) to 11.6 g COD L−1 day−1 (represented as a deteriorated condition), and microbial community dynamics over 120 days of operation were analyzed. The abundances of methanogens and bacteria that were dominant under the controlled condition decreased as a result of both high organic loading and sludge withdrawal under the deteriorated condition and did not recover thereafter. Instead, numbers of putative volatile fatty acid (VFA)-producing bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to the genus Prevotella increased rapidly, reaching a relative abundance of 43.2%, leading to the deterioration of methanogenic AnMBR operation. Considering that the sequences of these OTUs exhibited relatively low sequence identity (91–95%) to those of identified Prevotella species, the results strongly suggest that the accumulation of VFAs by novel VFA-producing bacteria in the digestion sludge promotes the disruption of the methanogen community under deteriorated conditions.

Compostagem: a importância da reutilização dos resíduos orgânicos para a sustentabilidade de uma instituição de ensino superior

O crescimento populacional, a urbanização, o desenvolvimento econômico e tecnológico ocasionaram mudanças no estilo de vida, alterando os modos de produção e consumo. Assim, resultaram em um aumento, tanto em quantidade como em diversidade, da geração dos resíduos sólidos. Consequentemente, surge a necessidade da promoção da disposição final adequada dos resíduos gerados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo propor diagnóstico de geração de resíduos orgânicos e recomendações para a melhoria do manejo desse tipo de resíduos em uma instituição de ensino superior da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Como resultado, pode-se destacar o local onde funciona o restaurante universitário, que apresentou o maior percentual de resíduos orgânicos: 84% do total (142.240g). Foi constatado que não há uma destinação correta dos resíduos orgânicos gerados. A compostagem é uma forma viável para a destinação ambientalmente apropriada, pois aproveita os resíduos na agricultura urbana e rural como adubo. Importante destacar que a simples implantação de um sistema de compostagem não resolve os graves problemas da destinação incorreta, que polui e apresenta risco ambiental. Dessa forma, foi necessário elaborar e apresentar recomendações, baseadas nos resultados encontrados, para serem implementadas na Instituição investigada.

Waste Management and Collaborative Recycling: An SDG Analysis for a Circular Economy

The designated proposal has been a rather globally developing topic and factually alarming according to opined and definitive sources as mentioned in my final submission. Primary sources have indicated and formulated a sharp rise in the global waste produce by 70 per cent nearing 2049, along with clogging waterways, drainage passages and damaging waste-transporting infrastructure. Consolidated efforts which are necessary, certain factual implementations are also further mentioned in the submission, citing primary authorities. The collaborative recycling factor being as important as the pummeling of action which, is attributed according to how vicarious liability flows within an organization, contributing to how the most waste producing countries should take charge by coming together and joining forces. This submission also outlines and draws out how organizational-level responsibility must be implemented while accounting and moving forward with responsible waste management. It also highlights Properly disposing waste along with organic solid waste management programs which will work both ways, in the first way, it will help in supporting major waste producing countries through elemental waste reduction and recycling programs, and in the second way, help in educating the uneducated sections of the society on how to properly minimize food waste. Paving smooth budgetary transitions through recycled material and in turn, creating a circular economy which would fund itself, in a glacial but an efficient pace, thus, powering various global waste management.Keywords: recycling, sustainable development, waste, disposal, impact, utensils, biodegradable, clay, plastic, bricks

Enriched Rapid Composting Techniques for Agro Industrial Organic Solid Waste

The main aim of this project based paper is to provide technological solution for composting process with will help to minimize the composting process and the technology will be easy to adopt. We are facing waste management problems in all areas. Agriculture and Industrial waste management is one of them. There are lot of methodologies available in the market for processing the raw material and making compost. The various methods differ location to location and season to season. The researchers are doing continuous research on the process optimization and to find minimum time to produce compost. Thus, a sound technology is required to improve the quality of manures in the shortest possible time, where farmers can prepare the compost easily and improve its nutritional quality by the addition of cheap amendments as additives in composting. Therefore appropriate composting technology which is economically viable, eco-friendly and socially acceptable is essential. Development of Rapid composting techniques to produce organic fertilizers will help to minimize soil pollution due to chemical fertilizers and will help in Agricultural and Industrial organic solid waste management. We have done few experiments on accelerating composting processes. Use of activated sludge with other additives have helped to improve compost process time and its nutrients. In this paper we have given detail methodology and results obtained from the experiments.

Organic solid waste management in a circular economy perspective – A systematic review and SWOT analysis

Abstract This study carried out a systematic literature review and content analysis to identify the state of the art and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis) of organic waste management through circular economy (CE) principles and created a research agenda on the topic. The main threats and weaknesses were: logistic cost and supply chain management; seasonality; availability and lack of homogenization of the raw material (organic waste); quality and efficiency of the alternative product, which is not economically competitive with traditional ones; and lack of technical standards and regulation. The main strengths were: the possibility to turn waste streams into valuable resources, contributing to environmental improvement and greenhouse gas emission reduction and costs reduction; stimulation of cooperative projects and production of bio-based chemicals and energy; and job creation and new investment opportunities as the result of the development of a new business model and a new value chain based on organic waste, boosting companies that focus on green solutions. The proposed research agenda concentrated on emerging value chains and modifying existing business models, legislation and taxation to aid in the competitiveness of alternative materials derived from organic waste in a CE perspective.

Suitability of Kibuye Market Organic Waste for Composting as a Means of Solid Waste Management for Kisumu City

Purpose: Organic waste comprises most of the waste in dumpsites in Kenya and this causes environmental challenges at such sites. With Kisumu as a case study, the purpose of this work was to explore the suitability of organic wastes from Kibuye market, hotels and livestock farms for compost manure making as a means of organic solid waste management. Methods: The study was cross-sectional in design. Compost manure was prepared from organic market waste, hotel food remains and livestock dung. Samples were then taken to a laboratory to test for the content of nitrogen, phosphorous (P2O5) using TES/06/TM/21 and TES/06/TM/24 methods respectively and potassium (K2O) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) method as well as for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb) while the Ph of the compost was tested by KS-158 method. Results: Laboratory tests for the presence of important crop elements were Nitrogen (0.4%), Phosphorous (0.4%), and Potassium (0.9%) whereas for heavy metals were Cd=Nil, Cu=10.1, Fe=1.08, Pb=Nil, and pH=8.4. Conclusion: It is safe to use organic waste from Kibuye as augmented by those from hotels and livestock farms for composting as a means of organic solid waste management if other supporting systems are in place.

Spectroscopic Characterization of DOM During Hyperthermophilic Composting of Sewage Sludge

Spectroscopy methods such as three-dimensional excitation-emission (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were applied to analyze the structures and changes of DOM in hyperthermophilic composting of sewage sludge to fully understand the advantages of hyperthermophilic composting in promoting sludge maturity. The results showed that the temperature reached its peak value at 90℃ and remained over 80℃ for 5 d. The thermophilic period more than 50℃ lasted for 22 d. This indicated that the microorganisms were metabolically active during the composting. The parameters of UV-visible (UV-Vis), including E253/E203, SUVA280, and S275-295, significantly changed from days 0 to 23, showing that the aromaticity degree of DOM and the humification degree of the compost gradually strengthened. Combined with the fluorescence regional integration (FRI), the 3D-EEM analysis results illuminated that the protein-like materials in DOM were completely degraded during days 0 to 6 of the hyperthermophilic composting and a large amount of humic acid-like and fulvic-like materials formed from days 0 to 23, indicating the compost was mature at the hyperthermophilic stage. This was consistent with the germination index (GI) on day 23 (GI=98.5%) as well. Based on the correlation analysis between spectroscopic parameters, PⅤ,n/PⅢ,n showed close relationship with others (r ≥ 0.68), showing their potential as indicators for maturity of hyperthermophilic composting. The results above confirmed that fermentation time could be greatly shortened to about 20 d by using the hyperthermophilic composting, which has great potential for application in organic solid waste management.

Treatment of compost leachate by ferro-sonication process: Effect of some operational variables

Aim: Application of composting process for the management of organic solid waste led to the production of leachate, which causes many problems to environment. This study was aimed at investigation of ferro-sonication (FS) process in composting leachate degradation. Materials and Methods: Leachate samples were collected in composting factory located in Isfahan. In each run, 400 ml of leachate was sonicationed through an ultrasonic homogenizer in a cylindrical glass reactor. Ferrous sulfate was added to the reactor as accelerator agent. The effect of various parameters including pH, ferrous sulfate doses, sonication times, and ultrasonic intensity was studied in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from composting leachate. Results: The results showed that the COD and BOD removal rate was increased by increasing ferrous sulfate dosages, sonication time, and ultrasonic intensity. In addition, lower pH was favored for leachate degradation. In general, the optimum conditions for pH, ferrous sulfate dosage, irradiation time, and ultrasonic intensity were 3, 8 mmol, 180 min, and 150 W, respectively. Approximately 46% of COD and 33% of BOD were removed in optimum condition. Conclusion: These results revealed that FS can be effective in degradation of compost leachate and can be presented as a good choice for pretreatment of leachate.

Organic Solid Waste Management and the Urban Poor in Dhaka City

Space within urban areas is differentially allocated among rich and the poor; existence for the poor becomes tenuous within conditions of environment degradation. Many migrants to the city are faced with uncertainties in their rural origins and opt for better opportunities in the city. However, in the city their activities are remunerated but meagre and without adequate provision for safety to health, in times of climate induced inundation. Urban management in this city is unsatisfactory but, theories conjecture an informality- organizing culture rather than lack of coordination and weak implementation. This paper contends that the problem will sustain, if addressed in a laissez faire manner. Management issues like garbage collection, freeing of effective space for remunerated economic activity, should be based on innovative approach which can minimize environment squalor. This paper delineates a management system for garbage disposal to free urban space to build a functionally viable city.

Cultivating Composting Culture Activities among Citizens and Its Beneficial to Prolong the Landfill Lifespan

Currently, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government manage solid waste in Malaysia, with the participation of the private sector. Food waste represents almost 60% of the total municipal solid waste disposed in the landfill. Material valorisation of food waste usually conducted by biological processes such as composting. Compost, an organic amendment, is the final product of the composting process. These processes are efficient, low cost and environmentally friendly alternative for managing food waste and are used extensively worldwide. Therefore, organic solid waste management practices program for the communities in Perlis was conducted. The main objective of this program was to instilling environment awareness especially among Perlis citizens. This study was investigated the impact of food waste or kitchen waste composting to the citizens in Perlis State and the beneficial of compost fertilizer to our environment especially in plant growth. Composting method was taught to the food premises owner, individuals, teachers, and students and their responses to the composting practices were then summarized. In future, we can prolong our landfill lifespan by practicing organic waste composting and can preserving our environment.

Assessment of Challenges and Opportunities of Composting Organic SolidWastes: The Case of Robe Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Composting is used in the management as a method to recover organic wastes. It provides the environmental and health benefits by reducing the survival and spread of pathogens. The growth of urban population and economic activities has resulted in corresponding growth of solid waste in Robe town. However, the traditional approach to organic solid waste management in the town focuses on the end of line solutions that are capital intensive, and therefore costly. The main purpose of the current study was to assess the challenges and opportunities of composting organic solid wastes. The research used descriptive method with survey strategy. To draw the sample, both probability and nonprobability sampling method were used and the total sample sizes of 384 from the three selected kebeles were selected proportionally to their respective household numbers. Both qualitative and quantitative tools such as questionnaires, interview, field observation and photography were used to collect the required data. The data quality was measured in terms of validity, reliability and practicability. The data were analyzed using, SPSS and Microsoft Excel. The finding of the study revealed that, there is no proper composting of organic solid wastes in the town. The challenges that hold back the implementation of composting organic solid waste includes lack of awareness, lack of adequate space for composting, lack of support from government, policy frame work, institutional problem (lack of department of urban agriculture) and budget constraint. However, the opportunities are availability of huge amount of organic wastes, farmers engaged in urban agriculture, suitable environment for composting, huge demand for organic fertilizer and an increase in price of chemical fertilizer.

Resource Recovery and Reuse in Organic Solid Waste Management

Uncontrolled spreading of waste materials leads to health problems and environmental damage. To prevent these problems a waste management infrastructure has been set to collect and dispose of the waste, based on a hierarchy of three principles: waste prevention, recycling/reuse, and final disposal. Final disposal is the least desirable as it causes massive emissions, to the atmosphere, water bodies and the subsoil. The emission of methane to the atmosphere is an important source of greenhouse gasses. Organic waste therefore gets a lot of attention in waste management, which for Europe can be illustrated by the issue of the Landfill Directive (99/31/EC) and the Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC) Proper treatment of organic waste may however turn this burden into an asset. In particular, biological treatment may help in developing more effective resource management and sustainable development. The following advantages may be listed: - The greenhouse effect is tackled as methane emissions from landfilling are prevented - Soil quality can be restored or enhanced by the use of compost in agriculture - Compost may replace peat in horticulture and home gardening, reducing greenhouse emissions and wetland exploitation - Anaerobic digestion has the additional benefit of producing biogas that may be used as a fuel - Pesticide use can be reduced by proper use of the disease suppressive properties of compost As a result of this linkage of the field of waste management to the societal production system at large, there is a need of involvement of many different disciplines, not only natural sciences but also economical, policital and management sciences, product specialists, etc. Although most people involved will agree with such a statement, in practice we still see a lot of fragmentation. As an example there is still insufficient exchange between agronomist working with compost and technologist working with the composting process. Resource Recovery and Reuse in Organic Solid Waste Management disseminates at advanced scientific level the potential of environmental biotechnology for the recovery and reuse of products from solid waste. Several options to recover energy out of organic solid waste from domestic, agricultural and industrial origin are presented and discussed and existing economically feasible treatment systems that produce energy out of solid waste and recover useful by-products in the form of fertiliser or soil conditioner are demonstrated. The potential of environmental biotechnology is highlighted from different perspectives: societal, technological and practical.

Evaluation of in-vessel co-composting of yard waste and development of kinetic models for co-composting

Organic solid waste management is a major challenge in high population density areas like apartments, educational institutions, hospitals, etc., as their disposal with other wastes could not only lead to issues like vector menace, odour generation but also would lead to loss of resources that could be reused such as nutrients which will benefit soil. In places like educational institutions, the major portion of waste generated is organic waste, especially food waste and yard waste from the campus, apart from paper waste. Composting is an organic waste treatment method that is cost effective and leads to resource recovery. In this study, the characteristics of composting of yard waste and co-composting of yard waste with wastes generated in an institution (university campuses of Anna University, Chennai, India) are examined. The composts were characterized in terms of total solids, volatile solids, pH, electrical conductivity, carbon: nitrogen (C:N) ratio and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. The stability index and germination index of the compost were assessed. The C:N ratio of all the different composts (except the one generated from yard with canteen waste consisting of vegetable waste) produced in this study has a value less than 30:1, which satisfies the basic requirements for the compost. It was also observed that the mature compost from these feedstocks did not have heavy metals at toxic levels. This study demonstrated that the co-composting of yard wastes with paper and canteen wastes (fruit, coffee grounds, tea leaf waste) could produce value-added products. In addition to that, kinetic models were developed to predict the decomposition rate constant of the process.