Management Of Oral Infections Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Oxygenated Mouthwash as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients - A Clinico-microbiological Study

ABSTRACT Background and Objective: Oxygen therapy has been proven to be beneficial in the treatment and healing of chronic wounds. Oxygenated mouthwash could help in the management of oral infections like periodontal disease by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species. The current study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of Blue M, an oxygenated mouthwash as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). Materials and Methods: Forty-two CP patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (Group A – only SRP, Group B – SRP with oxygenated blue®m mouthwash, and Group C-SRP with 0.2% chlorhexidine [CHX] mouthwash). Clinical parameters-plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months while microbial analysis was carried out, using chairside N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide Assay for detection of either presence or absence of Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and/or Tannerella forsythia at baseline and 3 months. Results: All groups showed a significant reduction in clinical and microbiologic parameters from baseline to 3 months (P < 0.05). Intergroup analysis showed Group B and Group C to be significantly better than Group A (P < 0.05) while Group B showed similar results when compared to Group C (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Blue M mouthwash showed better improvement as compared to SRP alone while it showed similar improvements in clinical as well as microbiologic parameters when compared with CHX. It can be concluded that Blue M mouthwash could well be a futuristic prospect as an alternative to chemical agents like CHX in the treatment of CP.

Impact of the Current Scenario and Future Perspectives for the Management of Oral Diseases: Remarkable Contribution of Herbs in Dentistry

Background: Background: Herbs are the primary feedstock for treating numerous infectious diseases occurring in humans. The herb serves as a potential resource for managing dental disorders by maintaining oral hygiene and reducing the growth of microbes through the use of antimicrobial agents. The body-to-mouth connection helps essential facets that reduce the vulnerability of inflammation and infections in the mouth. The herbal product offers a better alternative for oral care than antibiotics due to reduced side effects and increased patient compliance. : Herbs used in dentistry contain antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antiviral properties that help in reducing irritation, infections, and pain in the oral cavity. The resistance to antibiotics and overcoming their untoward side effects promoted the usage of herbals in dentistry. In addition, due to the affordability issues of allopathic medicines in rural areas, the dependency of poor people on herbal medicines has gained significant popularity in the Indian subcontinent. Objective: Oral disorders would be a significant health setback for humankind due to their severity if they remained untreated. This review promotes the efforts made to overcome the side effects of allopathic medicines and provide cost-effective herbal treatment for oral care. Oral disorders cause various infections like tooth decay, dental caries, gingivitis, fungal, viral and bacterial infections, plaque formation, pemphigus vulgaris, pyorrhoea and mouth ulcers. The use of herbal extracts of tulsi, neem, and turmeric as a natural healer and the safest antimicrobial provides better dental care treatment. In addition, aromatic agents like tulsi, neem, mint, clove, ginger, and turmeric as dental products have increased palatability for patients who have lost their taste buds with growing age and diseases. Method: The literature search was conducted through academics, Google scholar, PubMed, WHO, and Sci.org using keywords dentistry, antimicrobials, herbs for dental management, experimental findings, bacterial strains, oral health, and hygiene. Results: The beneficial results of using various antimicrobial-containing herbs are gaining popularity throughout the world. Subsequently, it has been further suggested that antimicrobials and herbal extracts maintain oral hygiene, reduce bacterial lichens and biofilm adhesion, help in the management of oral infections, and improve health. Conclusion: Screening of newer antimicrobial formulations like dentifrices, gargles, throat paints, mouthwashes, and mouth sprays containing cost-effective herbals for promoting healthcare plays a pivotal role in developing herbal industries for dental care.

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment and Management of Oral Infections: A Review

a peer-reviewed, open access online international journal which publishes original research papers. The journal welcomes submission from scholars and experts for possible publication from all over the world. The scope of the journal includes: Pharmaceutical research, chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, biological evaluation of crude extracts, ethnomedicine, traditional and complementary medicine, ethnopharmacology, biomedical research, Biotechnology, Evaluation of natural substances of land and sea and of plants, microbes and animals, pharmacognosy, bioavailability, clinical, pharmacological, toxicological studies and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals, Isolation and characterization of compounds, structure elucidation, synthesis and experimental biosynthesis of natural Product as well as developments of methods in these areas are welcomed in the journal.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Prescribing Antibiotics among Dental Practitioners in Chitwan

Background: Antibiotic resistance in recent years has become a major threat to public health globally. In dental practice, antibiotics and analgesics are commonly used for infection control and management of pain. The knowledge, attitude and practice skills of antibiotic prescription by dental practitioners should be continuously evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic prescription among dental practitioners.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic prescription among dental practitioners. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information which was adopted from previous studies. A briefing was given to the participants about the nature of the study and the procedure of completing the questionnaire was explained. After completion of the questionnaire, data was collected, reviewed, organized and expressed as counts/percentages and statically analyzed using SPSS version 16.Result: The current study showed that majority of the participants had average knowledge (52.7%) regarding antibiotic resistance but despite of that they have been prescribing antibiotic without proper guidelines. In this study, Amoxicillin (69.1%) followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (25.5%) combination were the most commonly prescribed drugs used for the management of oral infections, but were prescribed based on symptoms without taking care of guidelines.Conclusion: Dental practitioners had knowledge of antibiotic prescription and its resistance however they have been prescribing antibiotic without proper guidelines. It is deemed necessary to update the knowledge and enhance the careful use of antibiotics.

Phytochemical Investigation and Anti-Microbial Activity of Clausena anisata on Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria

Clausen aanisata is used in African traditional medicine to treat a variety of infectious and parasitic diseases. Infectious diseases are a major public health problem especially in developing countries where resistance to commonly used antibiotics is growing exponentially. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Clausena anisata on cariogenic and periodonthopatic bacteria. This was a laboratory experimental study using macerated hydroethanolic extracts of the stem and leaves of Clausena anisata in a water-ethanol mixture (30:70) for 48 hours. Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, phenols, triterpenes and saponosides, these being more abundant in the leaves. The antibacterial activity of the hydroethanolic extracts was evaluated against different clinically isolated strains of three Gram negative (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia) and two Gram positive (Streptococcus mutans and Latobacillusspp) bacteria. Polyphenols found more in the leaves extract was estimated at 62.8 mgTAE/g against 36.8 mgTAE/g in the stem bark extract. The study revealed that the leaves extract had bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity on isolated strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan and Fusobacterium nucleatum being the most susceptible with MICs of 50 mg/ml whereas the stem bark showed bacteriostatic activity on all isolated strains with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitan being the most susceptible with MIC of 50 mg/ml. The antimicrobial action of the plant could be exploited in formulation of mouth washes and other medications in the management of oral infections like periodontitis and tooth dacay.

Prevention and management of oral infections in cancer patients

The successful prevention and management of oral infections and infections from the oral cavity in cancer patients are based on identification of risk patients, selection of patients for prophylactic measures, diagnosis of infection and implementation of directed or empiric antimicrobial therapy. Identification of patients at risk for infection is based on each patient's type of oral microbial colonization and the presence of latent viral infections. Systemic and local resistance to infection will be decisive, and in many patients the risk can be estimated from the expected myelosuppressive effect of anticancer treatment. Diagnosis of infection is often based on clinical findings together with the results of microbiological investigations. Biopsies could be useful, but can seldom be obtained. Blood samples are mandatory for isolation of microorganisms involved in systemic infections in myelosuppressed patients. Prevention of infection requires both local and systemic measures. Elimination of the risk of a breach in the first line of defence is urgent, and the maintenance of mucosal integrity is important. Monitoring microbial colonization is common, as is the institution of antiviral prophylaxis in patients with increased anti-HSV IgG (ELISA >10 000). Antifungal prophylaxis, to avoid colonization and superinfection, should be instituted in patients with low neutrophil counts. Gastrointestinal prophylaxis with quinolones is also commonly used in these patient groups. Treatment of oral infections in cancer patients should include systemic antimicrobial agents in most cases. Special attention should be directed to oral infections in neutropenic (<0.5×l09/l) patients in whom oral microorganisms are the leading cause of bacteraemia. Invasive fungal infections of the oral cavity can be associated with systemic fungal infection and are indications for the use of liposomal amphotericin B.

The Antibiotic Management of Oral Infections

The Antibiotic Management of Oral Infections

The Diagnosis and Management of Oral Infections

The Diagnosis and Management of Oral Infections