Management Of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Research Articles

Knowledge and management of molar-incisor hypomineralisation amongst dentists in The Netherlands.

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a frequently encountered dental condition in the clinical setting, and correct diagnosis can influence management outcomes. To assess the knowledge of and attitudes towards the management of MIH amongst dentists in the Netherlands. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional web survey. The questionnaire used included questions regarding respondent characteristics, awareness, knowledge and management of MIH and was distributed through the Royal Dutch Association for Dentistry (KNMT) to a random sample of 900 dentists. Variables were analysed using descriptive statistics, and differences between distinct groups of dentists were tested using the chi-squared test. Respondents consisted of 76.6% general dental practitioners, 9.1% paediatric dentists and 14.3% differentiated (specialist) dentists, with a 25.6% overall response rate. The majority knew the term MIH and its clinical characteristics, and could distinguish MIH from other enamel defects. Regarding aetiological factors, 76.6% reported a genetic component. In an asymptomatic case, 47.3% reported non-invasive treatments. In a mild symptomatic case, treatments from non-invasive to invasive were reported (p < .05). In a severe symptomatic case, the majority reported invasive treatments. Two-thirds of respondents were interested in further clinical training about MIH. Most respondents knew the term MIH and its clinical characteristics and would like further clinical training about MIH.

Qualitative study exploring general dental practitioners' views of MIH and its management in the UK and Australia.

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a prevalent condition, and how it is managed varies greatly between professional groups. To explore, and compare, the UK and Australian general dental practitioners' management of MIH in children. Face-to-face (remote) semistructured interviews were undertaken, using country-specific topic guides. Participants were purposively sampled and recruited through national conferences and research networks (eviDent Foundation and Northern Dental Practice Based Research Network). Interviews (from each country) were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently analysed using thematic analysis. Two major themes arose from the UK interviews: (i) decision-making complexities and understanding of treatment options and (ii) need for specialist input. The main Australian themes were (i) multidisciplinary approach to management supporting decision-making complexities and (ii) economic implications for care. Several difficulties, such as financial implications, multidisciplinary care and clinical decision-making, were identified as barriers to effectively managing MIH by GDPs in primary care. There are similarities and differences in the knowledge and management of MIH amongst UK and Australian nonspecialists. The different healthcare systems played a significant role in shaping how GDPs manage MIH with barriers relating to affordability, multidisciplinary care and clinical decision-making.

Contemporary Understanding of the Etiology and Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: A Literature Review.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a significant health problem that can affect the child's quality of life by negatively affecting their esthetics and function. This review aimed to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of MIH. It also aimed to summarize the recent studies on MIH in children and adolescents, focusing on diagnosis, prevention, and clinical management. An electronic search on the PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, MedlinePlus, WHO reports, and Google Scholar databases was performed. The volume of research on the etiology, presentation, and clinical management of MIH is still expanding. The creation and validation of indices for the diagnosis and management of MIH, as well as any potential genetic aspects appear to be the main areas of current research. Notably, MIH was linked to childhood illnesses, the use of antibiotics, and early childhood fever. Although many studies discuss the different options for managing MIH lesions, evidence-based studies that address the long-term outcomes of MIH are still lacking. Indeed, future clinical studies should be directed to evaluate the impact of each systemic etiological factor and its different types of management on normal amelogenesis. Regarding the diagnosis, future research should focus on the pre-eruption diagnosis and early approaches to prevent the post-eruption breakdown and caries. Regarding the treatment of MIH, future investigations should emphasize further improvements in adhesion and the use of new materials and techniques, such as digital dentistry.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of molar-incisor hypomineralization in Syrian children: a cross-sectional study

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in Syrian children and to provide information about clinical patterns and severity of MIH lesions. A sample of 1138 children aged 8–11 years was recruited for this cross-sectional study. The diagnosis of MIH was made using the criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) and the MIH/HPSMs short charting form was used to score the index teeth. The results showed that the prevalence of MIH in Syrian children was 39.9%. Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent pattern of MIH defects on Permanent first molars (PFMs) and permanent incisors (PIs). Spearman rank correlation showed that the mean number of PIs and HPSMs with MIH increased when the number of affected PFMs was increased (P < 0.001). Chi-square test resulted that girls showed a higher number of severe PFMs than boys did with a statistically significant difference (x2 = 133.1, P < 0.05). Moreover, Chi-square test showed that the number of severe PFMs is higher than the number of severe PIs with a statistically significant difference (x2 = 54.9, P < 0.05). In addition, the mean dmft/DMFT index in children with MIH was found to be significantly higher than children without MIH (P < 0.05). The findings emphasize the need for early identification and management of MIH in children to prevent adverse effects on their oral health.

Conservative Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization Using Biomimetic Material in a 9-Year-Old Boy

Comprehensive management of severe molar incisor hypomineralization with dental caries in a 9-year-old boy is reported. After the consultation, diagnosis and treatment planning; upon obtaining the consent from parents, and behavior modification of the child over a preparatory visit, three of the four permanent first molars (PFMs) were treated: two with indirect pulp therapy and one with direct pulp capping using tricalcium silicate cement. After observation of 1 month for each tooth, preformed stainless steel crowns (SSCs) were placed on all three PFMs in a diagonal manner for minimizing occlusal discomfort. The remaining PFM (36), restored earlier by another dentist, developed a dentoalveolar abscess during the course; the same was treated endodontically and a coronal seal was established with an SSC. A quadrant approach was adopted to complete extractions of all carious primary teeth along with the treatments of PFMs during the same appointments to minimize the number of visits. Local anesthesia with 4% articaine with adrenaline infiltrations was used for all quadrants except for the third where an inferior alveolar nerve block with 2% lignocaine with adrenaline was given. Follow-up of all PFMs, over a period of over 9 months, was uneventful. The endodontically treated PFM, too, showed satisfactory recovery, posttreatment.

Corrigendum: Case report: Applicability of sedation with nitrous oxide in the management of molar incisor hypomineralization in pediatric atients

In the published article, there was an error in the publication of the last name of the co-author Taíssa. The name was published as Taíssa Cássia de Souza Fortunato. The correct name is Taíssa Cássia de Souza Furtado.

Case Report: Applicability of sedation with nitrous oxide in the management of molar incisor hypomineralization in pediatric patients

Patients with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) may manifest tooth hfypersensitivity and difficulties in undergoing dental treatment, including fear, anxiety, and behavior problems in the dental office. Then, the objective of this study was to report a clinical case series using inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen as a clinical strategy in the management of MIH pediatric patients during dental treatment. Pediatric patients and their legal guardians were properly informed and data were extracted from clinical charts. Six clinical cases were included, whose patients were between 8 and 12 years old. Of these, 4 were female. The indication of moderate sedation took into account the clinical difficulties related to patients with MIH, such as obtaining anesthesia and cooperation, in addition to odontophobia and dental anxiety. All patients were carefully examined to undergo the sedation technique, including medical history and previous experiences with nitrous oxide inhalation sedation, as well as the vital signs were properly evaluated before, during and after the procedures. The nitrous oxide concentration ranged between 30% and 60%. The procedures were restorative, endodontic or surgical (extractions). In general, the use of sedation contributed to the performance of dental procedures. The use of inhaled sedation helped in behavioral management and during the treatment, increasing the effectiveness of local anesthesia. Patients were cooperative for treatment, while no adverse effects or complications related to sedation were observed. Thus, for the patients in this case series, the use of inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen contributed to the clinical management of patients with MIH.

Top tips for paediatric dentistry - Part 3: operative care, stainless steel crowns and management of molar incisor hypomineralisation

Top tips for paediatric dentistry - Part 3: operative care, stainless steel crowns and management of molar incisor hypomineralisation

Virtual learning object for developing knowledge about the diagnosis and management of molar incisor hypomineralization.

To develop, apply, and evaluate a virtual learning object (VLO) for teaching undergraduate dental students and paediatric dentists to diagnose and manage molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This controlled educational intervention included 170 undergraduate dental students and 50 paediatric dentists. The student intervention group (VLOG) was trained by the VLO, the control group of students (CG) received a synchronous virtual class, and the group of paediatric dentists (PDG) was trained by the VLO. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed with a mixed one-way and Tukey's post hoc ANOVA test (α=0.05). The answers to the questionnaire were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). The values obtained in the pre-test were significantly lower than those obtained in the post-test for all groups. The specialists showed a higher level of knowledge before and after the MIH training compared with the students (p<.001). Similarly, statistical differences were found in the level of knowledge, which increased after MIH training (p<.001). There were no differences between the CG and VLOG. The level of knowledge increased in all groups after training regardless of the method used. VLOG works similar to traditional teaching approaches.

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation amongst Swiss dental students

BackgroundKnowledge obtained at the undergraduate level regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) has an impact on future practice of dentists and paediatric dentists. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess final-year dental students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards MIH in all Swiss universities.MethodsA previously utilised survey (in both English and German) was distributed among final-year dental students in all Swiss dental schools (Basel, Bern, Geneva and Zurich). It probed students’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding the diagnosis, prevalence, aetiology, and management of MIH, and was structured in two parts: knowledge/perception and clinical application. The students’ responses were analysed statistically with descriptive statistics.Results113 out of 133 final-year Swiss dental students took part in the study (85%). Nearly all students were familiar with MIH (99%), but only 12% of them felt confident when diagnosing MIH clinically. Direct composite fillings (66%), indirect restorations (28%) and preformed stainless-steel crowns (26%) were chosen as most suitable treatment options for MIH-affected teeth.ConclusionFinal-year Swiss dental students are well informed about MIH. However, they report low level of confidence when clinically confronted with MIH-affected teeth regarding its diagnosis and treatment. Swiss Universities curricula should be revisited accordingly.

An update on molar-incisor hypomineralization

The management of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered challenging for patients, parents and the dentist; it has a systemic origin, it can occur in one or more permanent molars, incisors can be affected simultaneously. These enamel defects occur due to several risk factors during the pre-, peri- and postnatal period. Objective: To analyze the literature on molar-incisor hypomineralization and its relationship with prenatal risk factors, diagnosis, enamel remineralization techniques and treatment. Methodology: Using the keywords “molar incisor hypomineralization”, “etiology”, “diagnosis”, “oral manifestations”, “enamel remineralization” and “clinical management”, the Medline/PubMed and Science Direct databases were searched, with emphasis on the last 5 years. It was evaluated with the PRISMA and AMSTAR-2 guidelines. Results: Postnatal factors are based on childhood diseases and antibiotic intake in the developmental stages of the teeth. In the prenatal period, to diseases during pregnancy. Perinatal factors are related to low birth weight. MIH is evaluated depending on the severity based on defects, color, location and post-eruptive collapse and the extent of the affected surface. Techniques to remineralize the enamel are only efficient to avoid caries progression. Microabrasion is the most commonly used treatment technique. Conclusion: Most of the risk factors are attributed to the postnatal period during the first three years of life and HMD increases the prevalence of MIH.

Management of molar-incisor hypomineralisation by general dental practitioners - part two: treatment.

Introduction Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a common occurrence in primary and secondary care settings. While severe cases may need specialist care, mild cases should be managed in primary care.Aims To assess how UK-based general dental practitioners (GDPs) plan treatment for children with MIH using two clinical vignettesDesign An electronic vignette survey was designed using clinical photographs and radiographs. Vignette one presented a child with mild MIH who was unhappy about the appearance of his teeth. Vignette two presented an anxious child with severe MIH, caries and sensitivity. Further questions relating to confidence in management of MIH and referral were included. Participants were UK-based GDPs who regularly treat children. The survey was distributed by email and across social media platforms. Data collection occurred between February and May 2019.Results Fifty-eight GDPs completed the survey. Around half of participants addressed the aesthetic concerns of the child in vignette one. The majority of participants demonstrated sound treatment planning in terms of preventive care and management of molars. More GDPs identified increased caries risk in vignette two.Conclusion These findings demonstrate most GDPs in this study were working as effective tier one and two providers when faced with management of children with MIH.

Management of molar-incisor hypomineralisation by general dental practitioners - part one: diagnosis.

Introduction Molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) affects one in six children in the UK. For the majority of patients who have mild MIH, this should be managed in primary care.Aims To assess UK-based general dental practitioners' (GDPs) ability to diagnose MIH when presented with multiple clinical vignettes.Design An electronic vignette survey was designed with use of clinical photographs - six cases had MIH and/or hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPMs) (seven possible diagnoses). Four control cases showing caries, fluorosis, amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta were also included. Participants were UK-based GDPs. The survey was distributed by email and across social media platforms. Data collection occurred between February and May 2019.Results Seventy-six GDPs completed the survey; 68.4% (n = 52) of participants were female and 83% (n = 63) of participants graduated after the year 2000. The number of accurate diagnoses for each case were as follows - mild MIH (molars/incisors) 65.79%; mild MIH (molars only) 3.95%; HSPM and MIH (HSPM result) 0%; HSPM and MIH (MIH result) 50%; severe MIH (post-eruptive breakdown) 63.16%; severe MIH (caries) 31.58%; HSPM 3.95%.Conclusion GDPs are able to accurately diagnose MIH best when both incisors and molars are affected and caries is not present.

Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH): A 1-Year Retrospective Study in a Specialist Secondary Care Centre in the UK.

(1) Background: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is an enamel defect that affects an estimated 14.2% of children worldwide. Care takes place in primary and secondary care facilities. (2) Aim: To investigate how children with MIH are managed within a specialist centre in the north of England. (3) Method: A retrospective service evaluation within the paediatric dentistry department was registered with the clinical governance unit. Children who attended consultant-led new-patient clinics between 1 January and 31 December 2015 with a diagnosis of MIH were included. The data collected concerned the pre-referral treatment, the history and diagnoses and the treatments completed. (4) Results: Out of 397 records reviewed, 48 (12.1%) had MIH, where 81.3% and 18.8% of patients had severe and mild MIH, respectively. The majority of patients (n = 44 (91.7%)) were referred appropriately. Treatment was completed at the specialist centre for 44 (91.7%) patients. Twenty-five (52.1%) patients had an extraction of one or more first permanent molar teeth. Sixteen patients had the extractions at between 8 and 10 years old and 2 had the extractions later as part of an orthodontic plan. (5) Conclusion: Most children had severe MIH and were referred at an appropriate time to facilitate the consideration of loss of poor prognosis of first permanent molars (FPMs). Most children required specialist management of their MIH.

Erosion Infiltration in the Management of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) Defects

White spot lesions caused by enamel demineralization are frequently encountered in dental practice. Their management has always been an important issue in modern dentistry. However, the real dilemma was treating aesthetic demands with noninvasive or minimally invasive techniques preserving the natural tissues. The introduction of resin infiltration technique seems to provide an intermediary treatment modality between prevention and restorative therapy. This case report is aimed at reporting the management of MIH opacities in anterior teeth with resin infiltration technique.

KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF MOLAR INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION AMONG DENTAL PRACTITIONERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN

Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has been recognized as a global dental disorder and concern about this pathology is growing among clinicians around the world.&#x0D; Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and perception of Yemeni dental practitioners in the city of Sana'a in relation to diagnosis, etiological factors and management of MIH.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A questionnaire modified from similar previous studies was distributed to 311 Yemeni dentists providing oral health care in Sana'a city. The survey consists of two parts, the first is the demographic-occupational variables that was collected for the participants and the second part included questions related to perception of the diagnosis, possible etiological factors, severity of the condition and management, and the participants ’willingness for advance training in relation to MIH.&#x0D; Results: The overall response rate is (90%). The majority of respondents came across MIH in their practices (GDPs= 83.2%, SDPs= 90%).Yellow / brown demarcation is feasible as a common clinical symptom. The composite resin was the most used restorative material. The genetic factor was the most specific etiological factor. Most GDPs were significantly uncertain in the diagnosis of MIH compared to SDPs (P = 0.003). Most of the respondents (72.5%) had a low level of knowledge regarding MIH. Participants support the need to assess MIH occurrence and conduct clinical training.&#x0D; Conclusion: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common dental problem faced by dental practitioners in Sana'a City who have required clinical training regarding diagnosis, etiological factors and MIH management.&#x0D; Peer Review History:&#x0D; Received: 8 September 2020; Revised: 7 October; Accepted: 20 October, Available online: 15 November 2020&#x0D; UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.&#x0D; Received file &#x0D; &#x0D; Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10&#x0D; Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10&#x0D; Reviewer(s) detail:&#x0D; Dr. Mohamed Awad AbdAlaziz Mousnad, International University of Africa (IUA) and Sudan, m_abdalaziz@yahoo.com&#x0D; Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com&#x0D; Comments of reviewer(s): &#x0D; &#x0D; Similar Articles:&#x0D; PREVALENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DENTAL INFECTIONS AND THE OCCURRENCE OF MRSA IN ISOLATES&#x0D; CAUSES FOR EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICES IN YEMEN&#x0D; SERO-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG DENTAL CLINIC WORKERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN AND THE RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR ITS INFECTION&#x0D; PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN&#x0D; ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF STOMATITIS AMONG YEMENI DENTURE WEARERS

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): Literature Review and Case Report

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> </head> <body> <p style="text-align: justify;">Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a systemic defect on dental enamel, where the altered tissue may assume white, yellow or brown coloration, with a clear demarcation between the defect and the surrounding normal enamel. The etiologies have not been fully defined and early diagnosis is extremely important, since it can occur rapidly disintegrating dental structure, causing acute symptoms and making treatment difficult. Management of MIH is challenging, since the clinical appearance and individual need for treatment vary widely. To perform a literature review about MIH, highlighting the characteristics of the pathology, etiological factors, diagnosis and treatment, as well as reporting conduct used in a clinical case. A patient, 10 years old, male, norm systemic, attended at the Pedodontic Clinic, at the Federal University of Cear&aacute;-Sobral, in Brazil, was searching for dental care treatment. At the clinical examination, it was observed that the patient had an open bite and was a mouth breather. After radiographic taking and visual inspection, the clinical diagnosis of MIH was reached. The treatment plan was established, which consisted in definitive resin restoration composed of elements 16, 26, 36 and 46, for later orthodontic intervention. In the second treatment session, restoration was performed in composite resin of dental element 36. The restoration was performed with Resin Composite Opallis (A3), incrementally. Posterior finishing and occlusal adjustment were performed. Although the etiology is still uncertain, it is important to establish a correct and early diagnosis, so that the most appropriate treatment can be instituted, depending of the severity. <strong>Read more.....</strong> <p style="text-align: justify;">Key words: Tooth Demineralization, Etiology, Odontopediatric, Molar Incisor, Hypomineralization. </body> </html>

A questionnaire study on perception and clinical management of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) by Irish dentists.

Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a significant global health problem frequently encountered by dentists. The aim of this questionnaire-based study was to gain a better understanding of how dentists in the Republic of Ireland perceive and manage MIH. In addition, to compare these findings with results of existing international studies. Following ethical approval, an online survey was created consisting of 16 questions based on previous surveys regarding perception and treatment of MIH. Photographs and information regarding three specific cases were also included. The questionnaire was distributed by email and the data were analysed using SPSS statistical software. The total number of respondents was 230, of which 204 were general dentists. The majority of dentists (58%) reported that they observe MIH on a weekly basis. Those dentists exclusively in private practice and respondents aged 36 and older were less likely to note frequent MIH (p = 0.042). The vast majority of respondents felt either confident or very confident in diagnosing MIH (91%). Overall, 71% reported to feel comfortable managing MIH; however, those in private practice only (p = 0.023) and those aged 36 and older (p = 0.011) were less likely to report being comfortable managing MIH. The most commonly cited barrier to care was the child's behaviour, followed by difficulty in achieving local anaesthesia. Composite resin was the most commonly selected material used to restore teeth affected by MIH (84%). In the scenario on cavity design, the results showed a similar number of dentists selected the most conservative and the most aggressive preparation indicating a disparity among choices. MIH is frequently encountered by Irish general dentists. The overall wide disparity of responses is in line with other studies, and further highlights the need for the development of strong treatment guidelines and continuing dental education to assist dentists in treatment planning for MIH.

Outcome and comparator choice in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) intervention studies: a systematic review and social network analysis

ObjectivesOutcome and comparator choice strongly determine the validity and implementation of clinical trial results. We aimed to assess outcome and comparator choice in intervention studies on molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)...

Management of enamel defects: a case report of identical twins with enamel defects of the permanent dentition

Abstract: Enamel defects have a wide range of aetiology and can be challenging to diagnose. Largely, the management of enamel defects is determined by the severity. As most patients with enamel defects present at a young age, conservative treatment is a priority. Nevertheless, indirect restorations have a role in restoring severely broken down teeth. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of identical twins with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Many of the techniques discussed can be applied to a wide presentation of enamel defects and are not limited to the management of MIH. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The restorative management of enamel defects can be challenging but priority should be given to conservative treatment techniques for young patients.