Management Of Marine Resources Research Articles

Coastal cadastre management increasingly demands advanced models capable of addressing the spatial and temporal complexities inherent in dynamic coastal environments. This study proposes a 3D temporal cadastral framework based on the ISO-compliant Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), tailored to enhance the management of coastal property rights, jurisdictional boundaries, and land–sea interface governance. The model integrates three-dimensional spatial data with temporal attributes, enabling precise tracking of changes in shoreline positions, marine parcels, and maritime zones over time. Structured within a spatial database environment, the proposed framework ensures interoperability with GIS platforms and supports integration with web-based monitoring tools for real-time applications. This approach offers practical solutions to challenges such as shoreline migration, overlapping land–sea rights, and evolving legal statuses of coastal and marine spaces. From a legal and policy perspective, the model facilitates the harmonisation of land and marine tenure systems, promotes regulatory compliance, and supports effective dispute resolution and jurisdictional coordination. The implementation of an LADM-based 3D temporal cadastre enhances legal certainty, supports adaptive governance in coastal zones, and contributes to more sustainable and equitable management of coastal and marine resources. The findings underscore the necessity of a legally integrated, spatially accurate cadastral system to support long-term coastal development and marine spatial planning.

Understanding and managing species range shifts: first observed mixed-species outbreak and coral predation by crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster brevispinus and A. cf. solaris) on subtropical reefs.

Coastal areas have high biodiversity, which is essential in supporting sustainable development. However, low biodiversity literacy among coastal communities challenges conservation efforts and sustainable resource utilization. Reorienting interdisciplinary-based education is a necessary strategy to improve people's understanding of coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangrove forests, and seagrass beds. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the potential of coastal resources as a pillar of sustainable development, identify interdisciplinary approaches that can support biodiversity literacy, and design interdisciplinary strategies in reorienting education. Various scientific fields, such as Marine Science, Agricultural Science, Education Science, Social and Political Science, Legal Science, and Education Management science, can contribute to building a holistic and community-based educational approach. Knowledge in the form of local wisdom can support coastal area management. For example, the Sasi tradition in Maluku is vital in preserving marine biodiversity by regulating the sustainable use of natural resources according to the ecosystem cycle. Through synergies between academia, government, and communities, adaptive education programs can be implemented to equip communities with sustainable marine resource management skills. This approach is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly goals 14 (Marine Ecosystems), 4 (Quality Education) and 13 (Addressing Climate Change). With proper policy support, education in coastal areas is expected to create an environmentally aware generation, adapt to global challenges, and actively preserve marine ecosystems for sustainable prosperity.

This community service activity aimed to improve financial literacy and coastal resource management based on the blue economy approach among fishermen in Kramat Village, Bungah District, Gresik Regency. The main problems identified were the low level of financial literacy and the lack of awareness regarding the importance of sustainable marine resource management. The method applied in this program was Community Based Research (CBR) combined with Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasized active community involvement from the planning stage to evaluation. The program was implemented through financial literacy training, mentoring on household and business financial record-keeping, and workshops on processing fish products and fish waste based on blue economy principles. The results showed an increased understanding of simple financial management among fishermen and a 15% growth in household income. In addition, new community business groups and local leaders emerged as drivers of the coastal economy. This activity also encouraged behavioral changes toward more sustainable marine resource management. Overall, the program contributed to strengthening the economic, social, and environmental resilience of coastal communities and supported the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 1 and SDG 14).

The Asia-Pacific Region (APR) encompasses a vast geographical area rich in marine biodiversity that plays critical roles in global ecological stability and climate regulation, but it also faces daunting challenges in maintaining these roles under global change. Environmental dynamics in the APR manifest regularly over a range of timescales, including storms, earthquakes, floods, and extreme heat events. Further, coastal and marine ecosystems, including extensive commercial fisheries and coral reefs, are under threat from intense resource extraction and increasingly frequent marine heatwaves. Knowledge gaps for understanding these complex systems are aggravated by substantial barriers to cross-national efforts caused by the region’s vast diversity of cultures, languages, socioeconomics, politics, and management practices. Effective management of marine resources in the APR will necessitate multidisciplinary research based on continuous, region-wide observations supported by robust collaborations. In 2023, we gathered APR researchers across disciplines to discuss these issues and find solutions during a thematic seminar and workshop program at Tohoku University in Japan. Based on the results of this program, we present a review of the current state of APR marine ecosystems, raise key questions addressable through multidisciplinary approaches, and identify future priorities for the region. We conclude that sustaining biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and climate resilience in the APR will depend on stronger interdisciplinary collaboration, better integration of biological and geophysical data, and broader access to marine observations. These efforts are both urgent and essential for supporting better science-based policy decisions to address the escalating effects of global change on marine systems across the region.

This study aims to analyze the strengthening of Indonesia's west-east maritime axis through the synergy between the Sabang Strategic Area and the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) in supporting the development of the blue economy. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia faces the challenge of inter-island connectivity as well as a great opportunity to strengthen maritime sovereignty and national economic equity. The position of Sabang as the western gateway and the IKN in East Kalimantan as the center of the new government in the middle of the archipelago provides strategic potential in forming an integrative and sustainable maritime axis. The study method uses a state law approach by examining decentralization policies, institutional strengthening, and optimization of maritime law and regional autonomy. The analysis shows that the Sabang-IKN synergy is able to strengthen the state's role in integrating regions, improving sea connectivity, and supporting the development of a fair and sustainable blue economy. This synergy also emphasizes Indonesia's vision as the world's maritime axis through the management of marine resources that is in favor of the welfare of the people. In conclusion, the strategic collaboration between Sabang and IKN is an important instrument to realize maritime sovereignty, equitable development, and regional justice in accordance with the mandate of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution. Policies that prioritize strengthening national connectivity, protecting maritime law, and regional empowerment are key in the implementation of strengthening the west-east maritime axis as a pillar of the constitution-based blue economy

Accurate mapping of marine aquaculture areas is critical for environmental management and sustainable development for marine ecosystem protection and sustainable resource utilization. However, remote sensing imagery based on single-sensor modalities has inherent limitations when extracting aquaculture zones in complex marine environments. To address this challenge, we constructed a multi-modal dataset from five Chinese coastal regions using cloud detection methods and developed Multi-modal Spatial–Frequency Adaptive Fusion Network (MSAFNet) for optical-radar data fusion. MSAFNet employs a dual-path architecture utilizing a Multi-scale Dual-path Feature Module (MDFM) that combines CNN and Transformer capabilities to extract multi-scale features. Additionally, it implements a Dynamic Frequency Domain Adaptive Fusion Module (DFAFM) to achieve deep integration of multi-modal features in both spatial and frequency domains, effectively leveraging the complementary advantages of different sensor data. Results demonstrate that MSAFNet achieves 76.93% mean intersection over union (mIoU), 86.96% mean F1 score (mF1), and 93.26% mean Kappa coefficient (mKappa) in extracting floating raft aquaculture (FRA) and cage aquaculture (CA), significantly outperforming existing methods. Applied to China’s coastal waters, the model generated 2020 nearshore aquaculture distribution maps, demonstrating its generalization capability and practical value in complex marine environments. This approach provides reliable technical support for marine resource management and ecological monitoring.

This study focuses on establishing a high - accuracy marine gravity anomaly database for the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam, utilizing satellite altimetry data in conjunction with GIS technology. The accurate determination of marine gravity anomalies is essential i n fields such as geodesy, geophysics, and marine resource management. However, traditional shipborne gravimetry methods often encounter significant limitations, including high costs, prolonged measurement times, and dependence on weather conditions, especi ally in complex near - shore areas. To overcome these limitations and enhance the accuracy in determining marine gravity anomalies, the authors applied satellite altimetry techniques, combined with the following key solutions : Combining data from 102 Cryosat - 2 satellite cycles (from October 24, 2010, to August 24, 2018, totaling 30,047 measurement points) and 92 SARAL - DP satellite cycles (from July 4, 2016, to April 28, 2025, totaling 28,636 measurement points) in Geodetic Missi on (GM) mode to significantly increase measurement point density. Selecting the XGM2019e global gravity field model and the DTU15MDT mean dynamic topography model, which were assessed as most suitable for Vietnam's geographical conditions. Employing the Least - Squares Collocation method to convert residual geoid heights into residual marine gravity anomalies. Experimental results demonstrate that the combination of data from these two satellites significantly increased measurement point density, achieving a resolution of 1’x1’, and notably improved the accuracy of marine gravity anomaly data in the Gulf of Tonk in. The accuracy of this new dataset reached ±2.05 mGal when evaluated by root mean square error, affirming the effectiveness and reliability of the applied methodology. This established marine gravity anomaly database will not only efficiently serve scien tific, technical, and geophysical tasks but also actively support marine resource management, protection of sovereignty over islands and seas, sustainable marine economic development, national defense and security assurance, and rational exploitation of ma rine resources in the study area .

Fishery-independent surveys are vital for marine resource management, offering unbiased assessments of species abundance. Consistent trawl gear performance, however, is challenging across diverse geographic ranges or with multiple vessels. A trawl modification that has repeatedly been shown to improve consistency across a large depth range is the use of a restrictor rope to limit the width of trawl gear. While its stabilizing impact on gear performance is established, its effect on catch rates is less understood. We assessed the utility of this gear component in a collaborative experiment conducted in southern New England, USA, focusing on the impact of a restrictor rope on catches of the region's commercially important species in a common trawl survey net. Drawing input from regional stakeholders, this experiment utilized a commercial fishing vessel to conduct alternate tows, with and without a restrictor rope attached to the trawl doors. Results suggest few or subtle impacts of the restrictor rope treatment on total catches or catch-at-length for the examined species. This research offers valuable insights for standardizing gear performance using restrictor ropes.

Toxic metal accumulation in Flexopecten glaber from the Black Sea: Risk assessment for food safety and marine environmental health.

Coral reefs are one of the marine organisms that play many crucial roles for other organisms within them. Coral reefs are often referred to as tropical rainforests because they serve as shelters for small fish and produce food for other marine organisms. Over time, various threats have emerged that disrupt the stability of the marine ecosystem, one of which is coral reef degradation, such as bleaching or physical damage caused by multiple factors. These factors include climate change, chemicals resulting from fishing with explosives, and pollution. As a result, coral reefs become damaged and can no longer serve as a refuge for small species. Therefore, this study aims to mitigate the impact of coral reef damage by developing a coral reef classification model using one of the deep learning algorithms and artificial neural networks, namely the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), which employs multiple hidden layers in its modeling process. The classification results using this algorithm achieved an accuracy of 73%, indicating that the model performs well in classifying coral reefs in image form. Thus, it is hoped that deep learning innovations for coral reef classification can contribute significantly to coral reef conservation and marine resource management.

Abstract. We introduce and evaluate the regional ocean model MOM6-COBALT-IND12 version 1 coupling the MOM6 ocean dynamics model to the Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics (COBALT) biogeochemical model at a horizontal resolution of 1/12°. The model covers the northern Indian Ocean (from 8.6° S to the northern continental boundaries), central to the livelihoods and economies of countries that comprise about one-third of the world’s population. We demonstrate that the model effectively captures the key physical and biogeochemical basin-scale features related to seasonal monsoon reversal, interannual Indian Ocean Dipole and multi-decadal variability, as well as intraseasonal and fine-scale variability (e.g., eddies and planetary waves), which are all essential for accurately simulating patterns of coastal upwelling, primary productivity, temperature, salinity, and oxygen levels. Well represented features include the timing and amplitude of the monsoonal blooms triggered by summer coastal upwelling and winter mixing, the strong contrast between the high evaporation/high salinity Arabian Sea and high precipitation/high runoff/low salinity Bay of Bengal, the seasonality of the Great Whirl gyre and coastal Kelvin upwelling/downwelling waves, as well as the physical and biogeochemical patterns associated with intraseasonal and interannual variability. Quantitatively, the model exhibits relatively small biases, as reflected by root mean square error (RMSE) values in key variables: sea surface temperature (0.25–0.3 °C), mixed layer depth (7–8.09 m), sea level anomaly (0.02 m), sea surface salinity (0.53–0.71 psu), vertical chlorophyll (0.03–0.3 mg m−3), subsurface temperature (0.33 °C), and subsurface salinity (0.07 psu). A major model bias (16 µmol kg−1 of oxygen) is the larger oxygen minimum zone simulated in the Bay of Bengal, a common challenge of ocean and Earth system models in this region. This bias was partly mitigated by improving the representation of the export and burial of organic detritus to the deep ocean (e.g., sinking speed, riverine lithogenic material inputs that protect organic material and burial fraction), and water-column denitrification (e.g., nitrate-based respiration at higher oxygen levels) using observational constraints. These results indicate that the regional MOM6-COBALT-IND12 v1.0 model is well suited for physical and biogeochemical studies on timescales ranging from weeks to decades, in addition to supporting marine resource applications and management in the northern Indian Ocean.

The global environmental crisis challenges the sustainable management of marine resources, with declining fish stocks threatening both livelihoods and biodiversity. In multi-species fisheries, non-selective fishing gear often results in the capture of non-target species (bycatch), including those subjects to catch limits under the European Union's landing obligation. This regulation introduced the concept of 'choke species': species whose quota is reached but that continue to be caught incidentally, forcing fishing to stop-even if other quotas are still available. In the Bay of Biscay mixed demersal fishery, such technical interactions are linked to combination of targeted species - such as sole (Solea solea), megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius) - and less targeted or non-target species such as thornback and cuckoo rays (Raja clavata, Leucoraja naevus). To inform these complex interactions, we provide datasets for these five key demersal species including: (1) high-resolution spatial distribution maps of juvenile and adult stages; (2) comprehensive life-history parameter summaries incorporating uncertainty; and (3) structured data designed for integration into spatially explicit models.

Indonesia is dubbed a maritime country because its water area is larger than its land area and consists of many islands. Indonesia's natural resources on land alone are already abundant, let alone the vast water areas that hold even more wealth of resources that can be utilized. However, do dreams and facts about the richness of marine resources correlate? This article discusses the welfare of coastal communities, opportunities, and challenges in optimizing the utilization of marine resources. Nearly 40 million people live in coastal areas, raising the question of why they have a low level of welfare despite this great potential. This article outlines the factors causing the low welfare of coastal communities and the associated challenges. Indonesia has a great opportunity to improve the welfare of coastal communities and the Indonesian economy through proper and effective management of marine resources if the challenges are overcome. With this article, it is hoped that readers can understand and actively contribute to maximizing the utilization of marine resources for every element of society. Library Research is the research method used with a descriptive approach to produce outputs that are easily understood by various groups. This article shows the vast potential and opportunities that marine resources hold for society and the economy in Indonesia if utilized effectively and efficiently.

Ecosystem structure and function are seldom represented in ecological indicators used for resource management and conservation, despite their central position in stated objectives of international agreements and national policy on maintaining and conserving global ecosystems. Network theory provides capacity to change this situation. Inspired by the use of composite indicators in emergency warning, planning systems and in network analyses in many other applications, we show that a small suite of network-based indicators can provide a practical basis for measuring ecosystem structure in fisheries management. We suggest an Ecosystem Traits Index (ETI) that provides a rating of the combined ecosystem state and structural integrity. This index combines information captured by: the Hub index, which identifies species critical to system function; Gao’s resilience score, which provides a measure of system resilience due to the density of connections and flow patterns in the ecosystem’s food web; and the “Green Band” index (which measures pressure on ecosystem structure due to the mortality from human activities such as harvesting). Applying these indices to marine ecosystems of very different types showed that the combination of indicators is informative in each case and that each ecosystem’s unique state results from fishing pressure, environmental change, and inherent ecosystem structural robustness. Simulation-based tests demonstrated the indicators rapidly respond to, and consistently reflect, ecosystem state changes across marine ecosystem types, though they cannot distinguish the effects of individual stressors such as fishing mortality, habitat modification, climate or other environmental changes. We have focused on fisheries because fishery indicators should, in principle, have utility across any form of marine ecosystem pressure.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-15322-z.

Bivalve farming, a vital component of global aquaculture, has been proposed as a potential marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) strategy, yet its role remains contentious. Using field mesocosms, we demonstrate that oyster filter-feeding enhances mCDR by accelerating the formation of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the water column and promoting organic carbon deposition in sediments. This process shifts the water column toward a more autotrophic and alkaline state, effectively sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere. Over the full culture period, the net carbon sequestered by oyster-driven organic carbon production is 2.39 times greater than the CO2 sequestered in oyster shells. These findings position oyster farming as a scalable, nature-based solution for climate change mitigation, offering dual benefits of carbon sequestration and enhanced food security. Our results underscore the potential of oyster farming to address global challenges such as rising food demand and ocean acidification, making it a critical component of sustainable marine resource management.

Abstract Indonesia, a country which has abundant marine natural resources and it is faced with significant challenges in efforts to manage coastal resources sustainably. The Yogyakarta Regional Coastal Area has great fisheries potential, experiencing various problems related to injustice in resource distribution, the dominance of large industrial actors, and ecosystem damage due to fisheries activities that are not environmentally friendly. Blue Justice provides a theoretical and practical framework to encourage the creation of a sustainable fisheries management system by emphasizing aspects of social justice and access rights for small-scale fishers to fisheries resources. The Blue Justice concept focuses on efforts to address inequality in marine resource management, ensure protection of coastal ecosystems, and empower fishing communities in order to achieve inclusive and sustainable fisheries development. This research aims to analyze the optimizing of the Blue Justice concept in fisheries management in the coastal area of Yogyakarta, as well as formulate policies which can strengthen the position of small-scale fishers in an effort to preserve the environment and improve the welfare of coastal communities. This research is expected to provide involvement in the development of marine resource management models that are sharper, more equitable, and fair to the needs of ecosystems and local communities.

Abstract Parimpari is a form of local wisdom practiced by the indigenous people of Kadie Kapota on Kapota Island, Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Parimpari is a system of temporary closure and opening of a designated area for a certain period. The designated area is determined through a customary deliberation by Sara Kadie Kapota. During the designated period, the community is prohibited from harvesting marine resources within the parimpari area. Supervision is carried out by customary guards and representatives from the village community. Once the designated period ends, people are allowed to harvest marine resources in the area. This study focuses on exploring the concept of parimpari, a form of local wisdom based on customary law, from environmental, social, and cultural perspectives. It is a non-doctrinal legal study using both primary and secondary data. The data were analyzed qualitatively to answer the research questions. This research is considered important as parimpari can serve as a model for inclusive and sustainable marine resource management. The novelty of this research lies in its potential to be a reference model for other regions in managing marine resources based on customary law, and for the government to formulate policies supporting inclusive and sustainable resource management. The findings conclude that from an environmental perspective, parimpari serves as a marine conservation effort, preventing overfishing, and encouraging the use of environmentally friendly fishing tools. From the social and cultural perspectives, parimpari is inclusive and sustainable, fostering a sense of community, mutual cooperation, and strong social solidarity. Furthermore, parimpari preserves the values of customary law in community life and serves as a cultural identity of the indigenous Kadie Kapota.

Phytoplankton are key indicators of marine ecosystem health and drivers of biogeochemical processes, yet their seasonal patterns in the southern Arabian Gulf are insufficiently understood. This study investigates inter-seasonal variability in phytoplankton composition and abundance along the coast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), focusing on waters surrounding the region’s largest oyster beds. Surface samples were collected at nine sites during four seasons between 2020 and 2022. Phytoplankton dynamics were analyzed together with water chemistry parameters using multivariate techniques, i.e. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A non-parametric Bray-Curtis dissimilarity analysis with PERMANOVA was also used to analyze seasonal differences in the phytoplankton abundance and composition and it confirmed DCA findings on clear community changes between January and June. Results revealed distinct seasonal assemblages: cyanobacteria prevailed during warmer months (May–June), while diatoms and cryptophytes dominated in cooler periods (November–January). Spatial differences in composition were evident, even between nearby locations, and likely reflect the influence of localized anthropogenic pressures and environmental gradients. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were identified as the principal environmental drivers, jointly explaining about 30% of phytoplankton variation. The unexplained variance in the phytoplankton data may be attributed to the impact of unmeasured water chemistry variables such as Si and toxic pollutant influx together with ecological variables, e.g. zooplankton grazing. Several potentially harmful taxa including dinoflagellates Scrippsiella spp., Heterocapsa spp., and Blixaea quinquecornis, were detected albeit at low abundances. At the same time, a potentially toxic diatom group Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occurred between November and May at considerably higher concentrations, which are comparable with the European bloom threshold levels although no actual harmful algal blooms (HABs) were observed. This study contributes to understanding phytoplankton ecology in the Gulf coastal waters and highlights the need for long-term monitoring supporting sustainable marine resource management under growing environmental and climatic stressors.

Background: This study aims to map and analyze the disparity in blue economy potential and local development across 100 coastal villages in ten northern coastal regencies of Central Java, Indonesia. Despite the abundant marine resources, development outcomes in these coastal regions appear uneven, suggesting possible gaps between potential and actual village-level development. Methods: The study employs secondary data sources, including the number of fishing households, maritime transportation volumes, and coastal tourism objects. These variables were used to construct a composite Blue Economy Index, which was then compared with the Village Development Index (IDM) and Village SDGs indicators to assess local development status and sustainability. Results: The findings reveal significant disparities between the eastern and western coastal regions. Jepara and Pati exhibit the highest blue economy scores, while Pekalongan and Tegal rank the lowest. Similarly, the levels of development and sustainability, as reflected by IDM and Village SDGs, also vary widely across the study area, indicating development gaps even among regions rich in coastal resources. Conclusion: These results underscore the urgency of strengthening coastal village policies through integrated approaches that enhance local economic resilience while promoting sustainable marine resource management. This descriptive study provides a critical foundation for targeted policy interventions and future hypothesis testing in the broader context of coastal development and sustainable blue economy implementation. Keywords: Blue Economy; Local Economic Development; Village SDG; Coastal Villages; Central Java; Descriptive Analysis