Management Of Large-scale Projects Research Articles

Анализ применения проектных технологий при реализации национальных проектов

In the conditions of modern trends in the development of the world economy, the issue of ensuring the efficiency and competitiveness of the domestic economy is becoming more and more relevant. It is expedient to consider examples of foreign and domestic experience of using project management as a basic paradigm of economic development. The greatest interest in this article is shown to the development of public-private partnership in the implementation of national projects and programs as a tool to ensure high competitiveness of public project management. Taking into account the strategy of project-based development of the Russian economy, the structure of national projects management is analyzed, and proposals to improve the processes of ensuring the competitiveness of national projects are formulated. The article provides a comparative analysis of various forms of management in the implementation of national projects, and also considers foreign experience in the use of mixed forms of management of large-scale projects. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the necessity of using project management technologies in the implementation of national projects and programs to ensure the competitiveness of the Russian economy. The objectives of the study are reduced to a comparative analysis of the use of project management technologies as the main tool for improving the competitiveness of national projects and programs. The best international and domestic practices of using various forms of management in the implementation of national projects and programs have been identified. The necessity of updating the existing legislation, as well as the mechanisms of implementation of national projects was substantiated. National projects. On the basis of comparison of domestic and foreign experience in the use of project technologies in the management of national projects, proposals for improving the management mechanism as a tool to improve the competitiveness of national projects and programs are made.

CARBON IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION BASED ON RESILIENCE THEORY

The construction and management of large-scale projects have the characteristics of complexity, dynamic and offline, and how to evaluate it is a research problem accurately. This study addresses this question through multidisciplinary cross-applied research. The research analyses and optimizes the environmental impact of the construction stage of superlarge bridges by establishing a theoretical model system of environmental impact resilience. The analysis shows that industrialized construction can save 56.31% of materials compared with traditional construction but increase the consumption of machinery and personnel by 11.18%. Ultimately, environmental pollution can be significantly reduced. This study breaks through the difficulty of accurately evaluating discrete dynamic factors. It has realized the application of multidisciplinary research to solve management optimization and design problems in the elastic and dynamic changes of super-large bridges during construction. This research provides rich theoretical models and advanced analytics experience data for environmental resilience impacts and project resilience management models, laying a solid scientific foundation for dynamic control and sustainable development assessment of statically indeterminate structures in the future.

A Business Management Resource-Scheduling Method based on Deep Learning Algorithm

As China’s economic level and industrial volume continue to develop and expand, the traditional methods of business management and resource scheduling demonstrate significant limitations and misalignments with China’s daily economic activities. Traditional industrial and commercial management resource scheduling is highly reliant on manual labor. When confronted with the requirements of large-scale project management, the pure manual mode cannot track the real-time progress of the project flexibly, effectively, and in a timely manner, resulting in the inability to complete the corresponding resource-scheduling work efficiently, which will affect the overall operation progress of the project. Deep neural networks have a high-application potential for solving extremely complex and highly nonlinear optimization problems. Artificial intelligence and deep learning research have advanced at a rapid pace over the past few decades, thanks to the efforts of numerous researchers. Combined with GPU technology, the deep learning framework can provide an extremely complex optimization problem with a practical and feasible optimization scheme and corresponding solution path in a very short amount of time. Therefore, this paper explores the potential application of deep learning technology to industrial and commercial resource-scheduling management. By analyzing the benefits of deep learning technology and the bottleneck issues of existing industrial and commercial resource scheduling, a real-time optimized industrial and commercial resource-scheduling model based on deep learning technology is developed. The model is evaluated using the respective data set. The test results demonstrate that the resource-scheduling model proposed in this paper has strong real-time and high-operation efficiency and can assist engineers in completing the corresponding resource-scheduling tasks.

Integrated Approach to Large-Scale Project Management at Sakhalin Energy

Integrated Approach to Large-Scale Project Management at Sakhalin Energy

Scaling Agile Adoption Motivators from Management Perspective: An Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

Agile methodology has been noted as the mostly used method for software development over the past few years. This methodology guarantees the rapid delivery of software products with lower cost and greater customer contentment. The adoption of agile methods was initially applied in the software development industry for single, small project teams following the principles of Agile Manifesto. The intense need of the time is to identify from management perspective the motivators that can be focused on to adopt agile methodologies in large-scale projects. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is to develop from management perspective a priority-based taxonomy of motivators that helps in scaling agile methodologies in large-scale projects. The taxonomy is developed in two steps. In the first step, data are collected from a survey and open literature. In the second step, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is implemented on the collected data that produced the proposed priority-based taxonomy of the motivators. With the help of AHP model, the 21 motivators of successful project management are categorized into four main categories, i.e., “organization management,” “team,” “customer and technology,” and “process.” Furthermore, the AHP analysis is used to rank the motivators and their respective categories in order of their importance. The findings of this study are further reviewed and validated by the agile experts in other organizations. The proposed priority-based taxonomy of motivators can be used as a handbook that gives guidelines on scalability of agile methodologies to large projects, which helps in successful management of large-scale projects.

Research on Project Management Computer System Based on BIM

In the engineering industry, its development is combined with information technology. The traditional method is to use CAD (Computer Aided Design) technology. With the economic growth and the development of information technology, engineering projects become more and more complex. The traditional technology has gradually been unable to adapt to the development of the project, and its disadvantages have gradually emerged, which cannot meet the requirements of project management. Therefore, BIM Technology should also be applied It can greatly make up for the shortcomings of traditional technology in complex engineering and promote the development of engineering projects. According to the principle of BIM Technology, this paper applies BIM Technology to project management. According to the characteristics of BIM Technology and the difficulties of large-scale project management, the application of BIM Technology in engineering is studied and analyzed. Combined with computer technology, this paper studies the project management computer system based on BIM, which can improve the management level of large-scale engineering projects, improve the management level of large-scale projects, and save costs. It can provide certain reference for the follow-up research and promote the application of BIM Technology in project management.

Ambiguous Joint Chance Constraints Under Mean and Dispersion Information

We study joint chance constraints where the distribution of the uncertain parameters is only known to belong to an ambiguity set characterized by the mean and support of the uncertainties and by an upper bound on their dispersion. This setting gives rise to pessimistic (optimistic) ambiguous chance constraints, which require the corresponding classical chance constraints to be satisfied for every (for at least one) distribution in the ambiguity set. We demonstrate that the pessimistic joint chance constraints are conic representable if (i) the constraint coefficients of the decisions are deterministic, (ii) the support set of the uncertain parameters is a cone, and (iii) the dispersion function is of first order, that is, it is positively homogeneous. We also show that pessimistic joint chance constrained programs become intractable as soon as any of the conditions (i), (ii) or (iii) is relaxed in the mildest possible way. We further prove that the optimistic joint chance constraints are conic representable if (i) holds, and that they become intractable if (i) is violated. We show in numerical experiments that our results allow us to solve large-scale project management and image reconstruction models to global optimality. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1583 .

黑臭河涌治理工艺流程及技术体系研究—以佛山市为例

近年来，随着城市的扩张及工业的发展，大量有机和无机的污染物不断排入城市河道，使水体的营养物质负荷量不断增加，中国许多城市和城郊河道景观效果随之变差，造成严重的经济和生态环境问题。加强水资源保护，改善城市河道水环境，修复和构建生态河道已引起广大环保、生态人士的热切关注。通过对城市水环境市场现状的调查研究，总结了黑臭河道治理工艺流程及技术体系。开展我国河道、浅水湖泊富营养化的修复与控制技术开发与产业化，对保护我国水环境富营养化的有效控制，开展规模化工程治理具有重要意义。 In recent years, with the expansion of the city and the development of industry, a large number of organic and inorganic pollutants discharge into urban river, which make the capacity of nutrient increase in water. At the same time, landscape effect of many urban and suburban rivers becomes worse, which has caused serious economic, ecological and environmental problems. Reinforce of the protection of water resources, improvement of the environment of urban river and restoration and construction of ecological river have caught attention of environmental protection and ecological personages. We summarize the technological process and technology architecture about management of black-odor river by means of making an investigation of current situation of market about urban water environment. Developing the repair and control technology development and industrialization about urban river and eutrophication of shallow lakes is of great significance to protect the effective control of eutrophication of water environment in China and carry out large-scale project management.

Practice and Experience of Canton Tower Project Management

This paper presents a brief introduction about the preliminary consulting and tender agent of Canton Tower, the basic situation of the whole-process supervision on the construction site, and a general summary of the Canton Tower project management. What's more, the author suggests that some guidelines be formed for supervision enterprises involved in large-scale project management.

Q&A with Mayank Ashar, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Cairn India

Q&A Mayank Ashar is the managing director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Cairn India. He has more than 36 years of experience in the international oil and gas industry. He previously served in various senior management and top leadership roles in global organizations such as BP, Petro-Canada, and Suncor Energy. He also served as the CEO and president of Irving Oil. In recognition of his operational excellence and large-scale project management leadership in the oil sands project with Suncor Energy, Ashar was named the “Operations Executive of the Year” by the Canadian Business magazine in 2003. Ashar holds bachelor’s degrees in chemical engineering and philosophy and economics, and master’s degrees in engineering and business administration from the University of Toronto. What are Cairn India’s major projects? Cairn India is one of the largest oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) companies in India, contributing approximately 27% of India’s domestic crude oil production. With our affiliates, we have been operating for more than 2 decades, playing an active role in developing India’s oil and gas resources. Our discovery of the Mangala field, the largest onshore crude oil discovery in India in more than 2 decades, opened up the prolific Rajasthan block. Since the resumption of exploration in 2013, Cairn India has made more than 12 discoveries. The total discoveries in Rajasthan alone are 37. The Rajasthan block is situated in the Barmer basin. The block contributed about 23% of India’s domestic crude oil production in FY 2015 [from April 2014 to March 2015]. To maximize the potential of the block and enhance ultimate recovery, Cairn India has initiated one of the world’s largest polymer flood EOR [enhanced oil recovery] programs in the Mangala field, which is the largest discovery made in the block to date. The polymer injection has started and is expected to lead to an increase in production from the field in FY 2016. There are plans to implement similar floods in the other two major fields, Bhagyam and Aishwariya. Apart from its oil reserves, there is a significant gas resource potential in our Rajasthan block. Together with our joint venture partner Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (ONGC), Cairn India is working toward creating appropriate infrastructure to monetize the gas potential, aiming to double gas production over this fiscal year. In addition, we have plans to drill 42 wells over the next 3 years and build a new processing terminal to increase production to approximately 100 million scf/D. The management committee has approved the Raageshwari deep gas field development plan for 100 million scf/D and contracting for this project is currently under way.

From Entrepreneur to Big Player

The software industry faces drastic changes in technology and business operations. The research structure of this study is based on the business model for software industries proposed by Rajala in 2003. The researcher employed an ex post facto research design to conduct a case study of the Galaxy Software Service Co., a company that is representative of the software industry in Taiwan. The main research goal of this study is to explore how this particular company developed into a large software company in the Taiwanese software sector, which is characterized by a prevalence of small- and medium-sized businesses, over a period of 25 years. This study employs a case study design and relies on in-depth participation and interviews to acquire a complete data set of the company’s internal operations. The evolution of the business model from the company’s inception until the present day has been divided into four phases: the entrepreneur phase, the growth phase, the stable phase, and the innovative breakthrough phase. The company developed into a major player in the software industry for 3 reasons: it has always insisted on a product differentiation strategy based on the sole reliance on software products, it started out as a software products dealer and gradually developed its own research and development capability, and it built a large-scale project management capability and received CMMI certification. These factors make the company stand out from other System Integrated businesses in the Taiwanese software sector offering both hardware and software products.

Data management strategies for multinational large-scale systems biology projects

Good accessibility of publicly funded research data is essential to secure an open scientific system and eventually becomes mandatory [Wellcome Trust will Penalise Scientists Who Don’t Embrace Open Access. The Guardian 2012]. By the use of high-throughput methods in many research areas from physics to systems biology, large data collections are increasingly important as raw material for research. Here, we present strategies worked out by international and national institutions targeting open access to publicly funded research data via incentives or obligations to share data. Funding organizations such as the British Wellcome Trust therefore have developed data sharing policies and request commitment to data management and sharing in grant applications. Increased citation rates are a profound argument for sharing publication data. Pre-publication sharing might be rewarded by a data citation credit system via digital object identifiers (DOIs) which have initially been in use for data objects. Besides policies and incentives, good practice in data management is indispensable. However, appropriate systems for data management of large-scale projects for example in systems biology are hard to find. Here, we give an overview of a selection of open-source data management systems proved to be employed successfully in large-scale projects.

Whole Life Costing for Capability

Over recent years, there has been a large push towards developing techniques to facilitate Whole Life Cost (WLC) modelling, largely due to the increased interested in longer timescale projects and programmes, combined with the emergence of system-of-systems and network enabled capability concepts. This change in the implementation and management of large scale projects has necessitated the development of alternative methods of evaluating performance. This current work seeks to address the shortfalls in current costing methodologies when applied to these highly flexible environments, and to propose a conceptual model for dealing with the encountered complexities. The approach has a fundamental role and potential significance in the future of whole life costing for NEC but can also offer a potential paradigm shift in costing in traditional engineering environments.

Decision-making on mega-projects: cost-benefit analysis, planning and innovation

This book aims to enlarge the understanding of decision-making on mega-projects and suggest recommendations for a more effective, efficient and democratic approach. Authors from different scientific disciplines address various aspects of the decision-making process, such as management characteristics and cost-benefit analysis, planning and innovation and competition and institutions. The subject matter is highly diverse, but certain questions remain at the forefront. For example, how do we deal with protracted preparation processes, how do we tackle risks and uncertainties, and how can we best divide the risks and responsibilities among the private and public players throughout the different phases of the project? Presenting a state-of-the-art overview, based on experiences and visions of authors from Europe and North America, this unique book will be of interest to practitioners of large-scale project management, politicians, public officials and private organisations involved in mega-project decision-making. It will also appeal to researchers, consultants and students dealing with substantial engineering projects, complex systems, project management and transport infrastructure.

Constructing the Olympic Dream: A Future Perfect Strategy of Project Management

In this paper we investigate a uniquely complex organizational context—that of the fast-tracked large-scale project management of a significant piece of Sydney 2000 Olympic infrastructure, which we researched in terms of its management through the “future perfect.” In a grounded analysis we resolved to track how the future perfect developed in the life of one large, complex project whose uniqueness meant that it was unable to be strategically planned in advance. We tracked the use of what we term “future perfect strategy” through analysis of data collected both in leadership meetings of the directing agency, “PALT”—Project Alliance Leadership Team—as well as in individual interviews that we conducted in and around the project, and through analysis of media coverage. Overall, the project was a success, but some problems arose along the way to completion. Largely, these were focused on issues of social rather than technical construction—something even the most strategic of plans cannot account for. As well as identifying some of the specific mechanisms for encouraging future perfect strategy that were used in the project, including encouraging “strange conversations,” “playing end games,” “workshopping,” and “projecting feelings, concerns and issues,” we also suggest some ways that the social construction issues might be handled in the future.

Large-scale projects, self-organizing and meta-rules: towards new forms of management

A new approach to large-scale project management for industry is derived from the experience of the civil engineering sector. This new approach is based on self-organization and meta-rules which allow for greater productivity and a more organic organizational structure. In particular, the experience of Spie-Batignolles in managing large projects provides the principles and organizing rules which distinguish the new approach. Classical project management is described and then, for comparison, the new approach is outlined and evaluated, all of which is designed to help managers find the ‘right’ form of management approach for their large-scale projects.

Large-scale project management is risk management

Because large-scale software projects increasingly affect the public good, the "normal science" paradigm is proving insufficient to model their complexity and potential consequences. The "postnormal science" paradigm offers a better fit, using a robust management approach predicated on a risk-taking ethic.

Conducting in-depth accident studies

In 1983 the Accident Research Unit at the Institute for Consumer Ergonomics began a major study, sponsored by the UK Department of Transport and three motor companies, to investigate the causes of injury to occupants in car accidents. This study has been under way for nearly ten years and the database of information is one of the most comprehensive of its kind in the world. This information plays a key role in establishing the priorities for safety research in the UK, based on real life accident data. This paper is concerned with the practical aspects of the collection and analysis of real life accident data. Issues include the establishment and maintenance of collaboration with police forces, hospital consultants and coroners; recruitment and training of staff; accident sampling; data quality control and large scale project management. The case is also made for the need to establish a coordinated European database of accident information to facilitate the development of appropriate safety requirements and to set priorities for safety research in Europe.

The role of macro-engineering in the European economic scene

There seems to be major concern in Europe over the improvement of the infrastructure (transportation, telecommunications, defense, technology, etc.). The economic recovery and the need to stimulate employment-generating activity leads European government and business leaders to become involved in the promotion of large-scale projects. This article is based on data gathered from several European macro-projects. Four stages of the macro-project life cycle are considered: design, promotion, deployment and operation; in each stage, aspects related to the success or failure of the project are identified. The article draws conclusions relevant to the management of large-scale projects at the strategic and operating levels. Emphasis is placed on the need to adopt a general management perspective as is typically done in industrial corporations, rather than a project management perspective, with emphasis on technical issues, as is often the case in macro-project management.

Computer-Aided Design of Information Systems for Large-Scale Project Management

Implementation of the software package PSL/PSA (Problem Statement Language/Problem Statement Analyzer) described in this paper deals with some problems of analysis and design of information systems for large-scale project management: (1) Configuration of an information system for large-scale project management. (2) Implementation process of the PSL/PSA software package. (3) Presentation of some Problem Statement Analyzer reports. (4) Some results of the information system implementation based on IBM 370/148 computer, under the operating system VM/CMS. (5) Benefits achieved with the PSL/PSA software package implementation.