Labor Management Research Articles

A Study of Mathematical Problems as Control Agents in the Industrial Sector

PD Utama Jaya Plasindo, a company specializing in plastic pellet processing, faces several production challenges, such as fluctuating demand, raw material shortages, machinery downtime, and labor management. To address these issues and improve production planning, the company uses MATLAB's linprog tool, which is designed for Linear Programming (LP) and aims to maximize profits. The company's profit is calculated using the formula: Profit = 37A + 46B + 38C + 46D. This calculation takes into account seven constraints related to raw materials, machinery usage, labor hours, and product demand. With this method, PD Utama Jaya Plasindo earns a daily profit of Rp. 837,600 from its plastic buckle products, totaling Rp. 16,752,000 over 20 working days in a month. These profit figures, based on clear objectives and constraints, help ensure that production goals are met and facilitate the monitoring and optimization of production capacity. By leveraging MATLAB's linprog, the company can better manage demand fluctuations and optimize the use of raw materials, machinery, and labor.

Analisis Biaya Produksi dalam Peningkatan Penjualan

This study aims to analyze production costs in increasing sales in the Sultan Bakery small industry in Bandarjo Dusun II, Kec.Pasaman, Kab.Pasaman Barat. The main focus of the research includes the relationship between production costs and selling prices, the effectiveness of production cost management on profit margins and increased sales, and factors that influence production costs in the context of market competitiveness. This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, where data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results showed that efficiency in managing production costs has a significant influence on the ability of businesses to set competitive selling prices. The main factors that support this efficiency include raw material management, labor optimization, and overhead cost control. In addition, the selection of quality raw materials and effective labor management help maintain cost stability without compromising product quality. This strategy not only maintains customer loyalty but also increases the competitiveness of the business in the local market. The increase in sales achieved by Sultan Bakery is consistently supported by planned cost management, production scale efficiency, and the application of modern technology. This study concludes that production cost efficiency plays an important role in supporting profit margins, increasing sales, and strengthening the competitiveness of small businesses in the local market.

The National Security State and the Tech City: Social Structures of Militarisation in Seattle's Long Cold War

AbstractIntegration between the American state and technology capital has deep roots in the military‐industrial complex that has structured the US geopolitical economy since World War II. This article makes the case for understanding the urban‐regional dimensions of technology capital in terms of a transformation of, rather than as a departure from, Cold War geopolitics. It introduces the concept of a social structure of militarisation to analyse the transition from military‐Keynesianism to tech‐oriented militarism, developing this concept through a case study of high‐tech firms in the Seattle region. Our analysis shows how the class dynamics that underpinned the growth of Seattle's “high‐tech” aerospace sector in the postwar period conditioned the subsequent growth of the information and biotechnology sectors. Like other tech cities, Seattle's economy remains a privileged site of technical and managerial labour within the extended US national security state.

The association among fetal head position, fetal head rotation and descent during the progress of labor: a clinical study of an ultrasound-based longitudinal cohort study in nulliparous women.

To elucidate the effects of the timing of fetal head rotation on the labor progress and outcomes. A paired ultrasound measurement was performed at each of the three stages of labor: latency stage, active stage, and full-cervical-dilatation stage. The measurements included fetal head position, head-perineum distance (HPD) and the angle of progression (AOP). A total of 46 pregnancy women were included and a total of 102 effective measurements were collected. The cases in occipital anterior position were all eutocia. The rate of cesarean section in the left transverse occipital group was the highest (15.7 %, 3/19). There were 13 cases (37.1 %) with fetal head rotation occur during active phase, changing from occipital transverse to anterior. Ten cases (28.6 %) rotated in the second stage of labor. The average rotation degree of occipital transverse to anterior position was 62.6°. When AoP <95°, 100 % of the women were occipital transverse; When AoP≥125°, 66.7 % was occipital anterior. The rate of oxytocin utilization and epidural analgesia in the occipital posterior group was higher than that in the other groups (71.4 and 85.7 %, respectively). Occipital transverse is the most common fetal head position in the early stage of labor and fetal head rotation occurs mostly in the active phase and the second stage of labor. Sufficient time should be given in labor management for women that who tried vaginal delivery without contraindications.

Intrapartum maternal risks of group B streptococcus carriage in premature rupture of membranes

BACKGROUND: Group B streptococcal infection remains the epicenter of attention for maternal and child health services around the world. Premature rupture of membranes requires adaptation of obstetric tactics and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. AIM: The aim of this study was to identify maternal intrapartum risks of group B streptococcus colonization of the birth canal and the lack of antepartum screening for group B streptococcus in cases of premature rupture of membranes in full-term pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Perinatal Center of City Clinical Hospital No. 31 named after Academician G.M. Savelyeva (Moscow, Russia) in 2023–2024. We selected women with premature rupture of membranes at full-term pregnancy, whose birth canals were subsequently divided into those colonized by group B streptococcus and those not colonized and who underwent antenatal group B streptococcus screening at 35–37 weeks of pregnancy or not. In the absence of group B streptococcus screening upon admission to the hospital, vaginal discharge was collected and sent off for bacteriological testing. Two tactics for labor management were selected: expectant, and active. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was performed in case of group B streptococcus isolation during screening. RESULTS: With premature rupture of membranes in full-term pregnancy, only 57.14% of group B streptococcus carriers have prenatal group B streptococcus screening; therefore, in 42.86% of group B streptococcus carriers, intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was delayed by 18 hours. Group B streptococcus carriage is not associated with the gestational age of premature rupture of membranes, but has intrapartum features such as a trend of younger age (less than 30 years) and attendance at the hospital earlier than six hours after premature rupture of membranes with the opportunity for induction or effective pre-induction of labor with a single dose of an antigestagen (in more than 70% of women). These women had a blood leukocyte count of ≥12.5 × 109/l and higher C-reactive protein levels. They were most often delivered by cesarean section, with characteristic indications for chorioamnionitis and fetal distress. The absence of prenatal group B streptococcus screening distinguishes the age of women under 30 years old, the threshold C-reactive protein level being 19.5 g/l, with a tendency towards a less frequent spontaneous onset of labor and a higher frequency of its induction, hypotonic hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSIONS: There are intrapartum maternal risks of group B streptococcus carriage and the presence of group B streptococcus screening, which are conditionally controlled in the Moscow. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and the metropolis resource “equalize” the outcome of births in cases of group B streptococcus carriage and absence, with the presence and absence of group B streptococcus screening. Modern medicine allows for minimizing the risks of chorioamnionitis and hypotonic hemorrhage in group B streptococcus carriers after premature rupture of membranes, even in the absence of group B streptococcus screening in more than half of women or deferment of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for 18 hours.

Management of Pregnancy, Labour and Neonatal Care with Homoeopathic Remedies

In the current era ,Though the modern medical intervention in gestational period &amp; labour reduce the maternal mortality rate to a greater extend , There prevails emerging issue of increasing c- section in deliveries, This is due to the fact that they keep on controlling the health of the mother under strong surveillance &amp; medication which indirectly have its impact on mother’s body thereby it lacks its natural mechanism or power to act on itself which gradually result in changing the labour from normal to C- section. Homoeopathic remedies at gestational period &amp; labour play a vital role in reducing the MMR &amp; also reduce the complications which are arising during labour &amp; improve health of mother &amp; offspring in a natural way without disturbing the harmony of health.

Management of labor and delivery in space

In the zero-gravity environment of space, astronauts experience significant physiological and biochemical changes. Upon returning to Earth, they undergo another transformation and must participate in rehabilitation to readapt to Earth's gravity. Notably, female astronauts of the European Space Agency and NASA are currently prohibited from becoming pregnant during their missions. However, there is no such prohibition for pregnancy during commercial space missions. for a mother-astronaut, the physiological changes are multi-staged and complex. These changes encompass various phases: during pregnancy, throughout the active phase of labor, while being in space, and finally, upon returning to Earth. Comparing the physiological changes a woman undergoes during pregnancy with those experienced due to the absence of gravity provides valuable insights.

Use of the WHO partograph and Zhang’s guideline for labor and delivery in China: implications for clinical practice

BackgroundThere is an unmet need for a large comprehensive population-based dataset documenting national birthing trends in China and a partograph specifically tailored to Chinese women. This study assessed the impact of using the World Health Organization (WHO) partograph or Zhang’s guideline to manage labor and delivery in China and inform the development of a partograph that specifically aligns with the progression of labor in Chinese women.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included low-risk nulliparous women with a singleton, full-term fetus in cephalic presentation entering spontaneous labor at a specialized obstetric hospital in China between January 2010 and June 2022. Pregnant women were managed according to the WHO partograph (January 2010-August 2014, n = 31,286) or Zhang’s guideline (September 2014-June 2022, n = 49,821).ResultsRates of assisted reproduction (4.57% vs. 1.05%; p < 0.0001) and hypertension (7.44% vs. 6.71%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher for pregnant women managed according to Zhang’s guideline compared to the WHO partograph. Rates of labor intervention (35.31% vs. 13.95%; p < 0.0001), including induction of labor by oxytocin, artificial rupture of membranes, lateral episiotomy and conversion to cesarean section (all, p < 0.0001), were significantly higher for pregnant women managed according to the WHO partograph. Rates of forceps assisted vaginal deliveries (12.67% vs. 6.42%; p < 0.0001) and postpartum hemorrhage (10.9% vs. 6.2%; p < 0.0001) were significantly higher, and birth asphyxia (0.15% vs. 0.09%; p = 0.02) was significantly lower, for pregnant women managed according to Zhang’s guideline.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into the utilization of the WHO partograph and Zhang’s guideline in managing labor and delivery among Chinese women. Findings indicate that women managed according to Zhang’s guideline had higher rates of assisted reproduction and hypertension, suggesting a potentially different demographic profile or underlying health conditions compared to women managed according to the WHO partograph. Notably, the use of the WHO partograph was linked to a significant increase in labor interventions, while Zhang’s guideline resulted in higher rates of forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries and postpartum hemorrhage, yet interestingly, a lower incidence of birth asphyxia. These contrasting outcomes underscore the importance of aligning labor management tools with the specific needs and progression of labor in Chinese women. The results advocate for a tailored partograph that could better reflect the unique characteristics of Chinese women and optimize decision making and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Green Human Resource Management in Cosmos Technology Limited Liability Company

Green human resource management (GHRM) increasingly plays an important role in enterprises' sustainable development strategies. This topic has been initially studied in Vietnam, but not many enterprises have applied it. The purpose of this article is to clarify the content of green human resource management and green human resource management practices at COSMOS Technology Limited Liability Company in the following aspects: Green job design and analysis; green recruitment; green training and development; green performance management; green compensation and discipline; green labor management. Thereby, helping to orient enterprises in the application process, and at the same time suggesting further research on green human resource management in Vietnam.

Intrapartum Care: Updated Summary of NICE Guidance

(BMJ. 2024;384:p2885. doi: 10.1136/bmj.p2885) In 2021, there were around 650,000 births in England and Wales, mostly from straightforward pregnancies without complications. The care and advice regarding the place of birth, pain relief, and labor management significantly affect women’s overall birth experiences and health outcomes. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) issued intrapartum care guidelines in 2014 that were then updated in 2017. This article summarizes new and updated recommendations in 2023, highlighting those based on new evidence and emphasizes shared decision-making between women and health care professionals. These guidelines apply to all pregnant or postpartum individuals, regardless of gender identity. Recommendations are derived from systematic reviews and cost-effectiveness considerations, using GRADE criteria to assess evidence certainty.

Assessing Labor Efficiency Management in a Power Plant Company Using Data Envelopment Analysis

To achieve company goals, labor is an essential resource. The presence and quality of labor, as aligned with the company’s strategy and operations, can improve or develop company performance in the future. The importance of the workforce makes its management equally important because the strategy or method used in managing the workforce can determine its success. This research focuses on evaluating labor management in a power plant company that has a workforce with two statuses, namely permanent labor and outsourced labor. In order to evaluate the labor management in this power plant company, we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, aiming to measure the efficiency of its labor management and then provide improvement recommendations for better labor management. The DEA calculation model is input-oriented, focusing on minimizing inputs with constant outputs. Input variables directly related to labor management are the reason for choosing this calculation model. The results of the evaluation show that labor management in the last year of the evaluation was already running optimally. However, implementing digitalization in the future could improve efficiency by reducing the number and cost of permanent workers. Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), efficiency, labor, management, outsource

Interaction between time-of-day and oxytocin efficacy in mice and humans with and without gestational diabetes.

Management of labor in women with diabetes is challenging due to the high risk of peri- and postpartum complications. To avoid cesarean section and assist with labor progression, Pitocin, a synthetic oxytocin, is frequently used to induce and augment labor. However, the efficacy of Pitocin is often compromised in diabetic pregnancies, leading to increased cesarian delivery. As diabetes deregulates the body's circadian timekeeping system and the time-of-day of the first Pitocin administration contributes to labor duration, our objective was to determine how the time of day and the circadian clock gene, Bmal1 , gates oxytocin efficacy. Our studies in mice show that, compared to the rest phase of the day (lights on), the uterotonic efficacy of oxytocin is significantly increased during the active phase (lights off). Using in vitro studies, a myometrium-specific Bmal1 conditional knockout mouse model, and a mouse model of food-induced gestational diabetes, we find that Bmal1 is crucial for maintaining oxytocin receptor expression and response in the myometrium in mice. These findings also translate to humans, where oxytocin-induced human myometrial cell contraction is time-of-day dependent, and retrospective clinical data suggest that administration of Pitocin in the morning should be considered for pregnant women with gestational diabetes.

Flexible sovereignty and contested legality: The overseas employment and legal struggles of Chinese workers

The surge in Chinese overseas investments has increased the transnational movement of Chinese workers. While much literature explores the interactions between Chinese managers and local workers in host countries, the dynamics between Chinese employers and Chinese workers abroad remain under-examined. This paper employs the conceptual frameworks of flexible sovereignty and contested legality to examine the distinctive norms and practices in labor recruitment, management, and dispute resolution emerged through overseas employment. Through a critical review of lawsuits between returned Chinese workers and their Chinese employers in Chinese courts – originating from the top five African countries receiving Chinese labor (Algeria, Angola, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and Equatorial Guinea) – the analysis reveals new spatialities and temporalities of sovereign control exerted by globalized Chinese companies over overseas workplaces and migrant workers. Overseas employment marks a complex process of coupling and decoupling among various forms of Chinese capital and labor. Three mechanisms of corporate sovereign control are identified: the delineation of workplaces and workers' bodies as spaces of exception, the flexibilization of working hours and job tenure, and the politics of delays in wage disbursement and dispute resolution. These mechanisms provoke contentious debates during court proceedings and result in uneven judicial outcomes for Chinese workers.

Optimizing Agricultural Labour: An Examination of On-Demand Workforce Solutions for Seasonal Demands

To address the growing challenges in managing on-demand Labour within the agricultural sector, we introduce Agro Finder, an innovative application developed using Figma for design and flutter for frontend development and firebase for backend. This research presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of Labour management in agriculture and proposes Agro Finder as a solution tailored to the sector's unique needs. The app leverages real-time data and sophisticated algorithms to streamline the connection between farmers and Labourers, optimizing Labour allocation based on geographic location, skills, and availability. Further analysis reveals that Agro Finder significantly enhances Labour utilization efficiency, reducing downtime in agricultural operations. The app's intuitive design, supported by Figma, ensures a user-friendly experience, while the fronted, powered by Flutter, provides reliable performance. The integration of these technologies facilitates efficient Labour management, leading to increased productivity and operational efficiency in agriculture. The research findings underscore the potential of applying modern development tools and methodologies to solve traditional problems in agriculture. By harnessing the power of Figma and Flutter, Agro Finder sets a new standard in on- demand Labour management, offering valuable insights and practical solutions. This study provides a solid foundation for future advancements in agricultural Labour management and highlights the importance of technological innovation in enhancing agricultural productivity. Key Words: on-demand Labour, agricultural management, mobile application development, Figma, Flutter, Labour allocation, real-time data processing, Firebase.

Some policies and laws on freelance workers at land border areas in Vietnam and recommendations for improvement in the coming time

Vietnamese freelance workers who work in land border areas of neighboring countries are quite large in number, thus the policies and laws on labor at the land border as well as issues of ensuring the rights of workers and labor management require more attention. In this article, the author will discuss some of the current status of policies and laws in Vietnam on freelance workers at the land border and solutions to improve policies, laws and management capacity in the coming time for Vietnamese people working in neighboring countries.

Alcohol, Work and Play in Convict Australia

This article critiques previous attempts to contextualise the culture of drinking in convict Australia, arguing that such practices were embedded within a moral economy of work. It explains the importance of alcohol in British society and the manner in which its relationship to labour changed with industrialisation. Analysing quantitative and qualitive evidence drawn from court and convict records, it demonstrates how alcohol was used to motivate labour in both rural and urban settings. Looking more closely at the timing of drinking charges, it identifies distinct patterns for urban and rural convict workers documenting an increasing management tendency to distinguish sober work from drunken leisure. It concludes with a discussion of popular drinking as a form of agentive resistance and its policing as a means of labour management.

Midwife-Led Versus Obstetrician-Led Perinatal Care for Low-Risk Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 1.4 Million Pregnancies.

Background: The optimum model of perinatal care for low-risk pregnancies has been a topic of debate. Obstetrician-led care tends to perform unnecessary interventions, whereas the quality of midwife-led care has been subject to debate. This review aimed to assess whether midwife-led care reduces childbirth intervention and whether this comes at the expense of maternal and neonatal wellbeing. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies. Studies were checked for eligibility by screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts. We performed meta-analyses using the inverse variance method using RevMan software version 5.3. We pooled data using the risk ratio and mean difference with the 95% confidence interval. Results: This review included 44 studies with 1,397,320 women enrolled. Midwife-led care carried a lower risk of unplanned cesarean and instrumental vaginal deliveries, augmentation of labor, epidural/spinal analgesia, episiotomy, and active management of labor third stage. Women who received midwife-led care had shorter hospital stays and lower risks of infection, manual removal of the placenta, blood transfusion, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Furthermore, neonates delivered under midwife-led care had lower risks of acidosis, asphyxia, transfer to specialist care, and ICU admission. Postpartum hemorrhage, perineal tears, APGAR score < 7, and other outcomes were comparable between the two models of management. Conclusions: Midwife-led care reduced childbirth interventions with favorable maternal and neonatal outcomes in most cases. We recommend assigning low-risk pregnancies to midwife-led perinatal care in health systems with infrastructure allowing for smooth transfer when complications arise. Further research is needed to reflect the situation in low-resource countries.

A job ladder model of executive compensation

This paper examines the impact of managerial labor market competition on executive incentive contracts. I develop a dynamic contracting model that incorporates moral hazard, search frictions, and poaching offers. The model generates a job ladder along which executives can either use outside offers to renegotiate with the current firm or transition to outside firms. I show that poaching offers generate a new source of incentives, which explains a novel empirical finding whereby larger firms give executives a higher proportion of incentive compensation.

Effective weed control through post-emergence herbicides to enhance blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) productivity in South India

Pulses are essential components of vegetarian diet and play a pivotal role in addressing malnutrition by providing a vital source of dietary protein. However, weed competition remains as a significant obstacle to blackgram (Vigna mungo L) production, resulting in 25 to 35% yield losses. A field experiment was carried out at the National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Pudukkottai, India during Kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021, to assess the suitable post-emergence herbicides for appropriate weed control in blackgram grown under irrigated conditions. The experimental field was observed to contain notable grass weed flora, specifically Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Chloris barbata, as well as broadleaved weeds, such as Flaveria australica, Cleome gynandra, Eclipta alba, Convolvulus arvensis, Digera arvensis, Vicia spp., and Celosia argentea. The results demonstrated that among the chemical weed management methods, spraying of Fomesafen @ 220 g + Fluzifop p-butyl @ 220 g ha−1 at 20 days after sowing (DAS) as a post-emergence herbicide treatment exhibited superior weed control efficiency, recording 66.80% and 68.53% at 30 and 45 DAS, respectively and recorded higher seed yield of 1088 kg ha−1. Additionally, this method generated 8.1% higher net income and 12.5% more benefit–cost ratio than hand weeding, making it an economically profitable strategy for maximizing blackgram yield and effective labour management.

Active management of labour versus expectant management of primiparous women with a prolonged latent phase: a randomized trial

Active management of labour versus expectant management of primiparous women with a prolonged latent phase: a randomized trial