Management Of Insecurity Research Articles

The Impact of Environmental Energy Taxes on Nigeria’s Insecurity Situation

It is critical to enhance environmental energy taxes in order to offer a more secure business climate in Nigeria. Insecurity in Nigeria is severe, and it has become a component of the country's environmental problem to deal with. This research investigates the influence of environmental energy tariffs on Nigeria's insecurity condition. The research approach is cross-sectional, and secondary data from 2010 to 2020 were used in this study. According to the multiple regression results, all factors have a substantial beneficial influence on the country's insecurity management. The petroleum profit tax, gas exploration tax, and level of freedom from corruption, all have a good and substantial impact on security management. The study indicates that the government has significantly utilized environmental energy taxes to combat insecurity. However, if the country will be totally free from corruption, insecurity will be minimized. Therefore, the study urges immediate participation of international community in the Nigeria’s insecurity concerns. This move has become extremely essential to salvage the country from all ecologically connected difficulties and to guarantee peace and safety for all inhabitants. Concerning corruption, it is high time for the government to begin looking for the sponsors of insurgency and abduction in order to punish them more severely.

Life during wartime: aspirational kinship and the management of insecurity

This article explores the ways that the institution of the avunculate has been used as an idiom for negotiating forced displacement, dispossession, and insecurity in the forested region where modern‐day Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire converge. The essay analyses the ways that the rights and responsibilities that inhere in the MB‐ZS relationship are both invoked ‘aspirationally’ by those with no prior link of kinship and parried by those who should in principle be bound by them. This degree of play suggests that the avunculate in this region is best understood as one of several idioms used to legitimate claims made on others, often in times of uncertainty and instability. Rather than treat this relationship as an always‐already existing social institution, the article suggests that it is also the product of a historical experience of persistent warfare, displacement, and flight.

Twenty Hanging Dolls and a Lynching: Defacing Dangerousness and Enacting Citizenship in El Alto, Bolivia

The article sets lynching of presumed criminals in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, in relation to both everyday experiences of insecurity about crime and violence and the enactment of neighborliness as a grounded notion of citizenship. Focusing on the experience and management of insecurity and its paradoxical entanglement with the enactments of citizenship and state-citizen relations, the article argues that people's attempts to remain safe constitute a permanent process of making visible and defacing (following Michael Taussig's notion of defacement) dangerousness and criminal subjects vis-à-vis the construction of community and local expressions of citizenship.

La version française du Relationship Scales Questionnaire de Bartholomew (RSQ, Questionnaire des échelles de relation) : étude de validation du construit

The authors present the construct validity of the French version of the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) designed by Griffin and Bartholomew (1994), which is the most widely-used self-report concerning adult attachment. To improve knowledge on the psychometric properties of the RSQ by studying the construct validity on a sample of adults. Subjects were recruited in a primary social care setting in Paris, France, and asked to fill in the RSQ twice: the first time just before meeting the social worker in charge, the second time, at home, with a prestamped form, two days later. A questionnaire on sociodemographic and economic variables was also filled in during the first time. Statistical analyses were conducted using Exploratory Factor Analysis with orthogonal rotation. The reliability was studied using Cronbach's coefficient for each new scale from the factor analysis. The test-retest reliability was studied for the prototypic scales and for the scales from the factor analysis, using the intra-class correlation method. One hundred and twenty-six subjects were recruited and completed the two forms (mean interval: 2.16 days). The factor analysis gives a three-factor structure explaining 48% of the total variance. The three factors were: factor 1 "Avoidance" with seven items explaining 21% of the total variance; factor 2 "Anxiety in the relationships" (five items) explaining 14% of total variance and factor 3 "Security" (five items) explaining 11% of the total variance. Cronbach's coefficient was low for the prototypical scales (0.41 for "secure", 0.54 for "fearful", 0.22 for "preoccupied", and moderate for "dismissive" (0.64). It was moderate for the scales designed from the factor analysis (0.66 for F1, 0.69 for F2 and 0 .60 for F3). The Intraclass Coefficients (ICC) were modest for the four prototypical scales (ICC<0.70) and were good for the scales designed from the factor analysis (F1: ICC=0.80; F2: ICC=0.85 and F3: ICC=0.78). The construct validity studied on an adult sample confirms the good psychometric properties of the RSQ considering the factor analysis, the test-retest short time reliability and the internal consistency. The factor analysis with three factors provides a different structure of classical descriptions with only two factors, but confirms the most recent results on Attachment Self-Reports that find a factor concerning security and two factors concerning management of insecurity (avoidance and anxiety in relationships). To be confirmed, the results require further research (confirmatory factor analysis, larger sample, other type of population).

Guest editors’ introduction: practices of security and the political

More than 2 years have passed since the first ‘Critical Approaches to Security in Europe’ conference was organized in June 2005 in Paris and the moment in which this special issue of the Journal of International Relations and Development (JIRD) goes to press. In the meantime, what was initially conceived as a one-time training school for both junior and senior academics interested in critical scholarship on security has developed both into a research network and a collective author. The author — the ‘c.a.s.e. collective’ — has published a first article (c.a.s.e. collective 2006) that has already generated a set of responses (Behnke 2007; Salter 2007; Sylvester 2007; Walker 2007) and a response to the critics (c.a.s.e. collective 2007). The collective article, co-written by a group of 25 scholars and conceived as a manifesto, proposed an overview of the main developments in the field of critical scholarship on security, proceeding from the encounters that occurred between a set of like-minded academics throughout the 1990s. The piece argued that these encounters, combined with a set of institutional factors, provided for the constitution of a mostly European space for critically engaging with contemporary practices of (in)securitization (c.a.s.e. collective 2007). Four broad lines of research were suggested: the study of the effects of the so-called widening of the security agenda to encompass other fields of practice (such as development), the relation between the management of insecurity and the management of risk, the political implications of security practices with regard to the question of exceptionalism and relations between security practices and the ‘politics of belonging’ (c.a.s.e. collective 2006: 460–72). Parallel to these lines of research, the manifesto develops a reflection on the position of the ‘critical’ scholar within what is termed the ‘science-policy nexus’. This special issue of JIRD intends to develop some of these lines of reflection. The featured articles constitute either direct outputs of the initial 2005 conference (Jeandesboz 2007; Olsson 2007), or correlated reflections

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:Robert Chambers, Whose Reality Counts? Putting the First LastGeoffrey D. Wood and Iffath A. Sharif (eds), Who Needs Credit? Poverty and Finance in BangladeshTony Killick with R. Gunatilaka and A. Marr, Aid and the Political Economy of Policy ChangeAlex de Waal, Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in AfricaDavid Turton (ed.), War and Ethnicity: Global Connections and Local ViolenceKrishna Kumar (ed.), Rebuilding Societies After Civil War. Critical Roles for International AssistanceOliver Mendelsohn and Marika Vicziany (eds), The Untouchables: Subordination, Poverty and the State in Modern IndiaHoma Hoodfar, Between Marriage and the Market. Intimate Politics and Survival in CairoAdri van den Berg, Land Right, Marriage Left. Women's Management of Insecurity in North CameroonHaleh Afshar (ed.), Women and Empowerment: Illustrations from the Third WorldGeertje Lycklama à Nijeholt, Virginia Vargas and Saskia Wieringa (eds), Women's Movements and Public Policy in Europe, Latin America, and the CaribbeanEdith Sizoo (ed.), Women's Lifeworlds: Women's Narratives on Shaping their RealitiesLawrence Haddad, John Hoddinott and Harold Alderman (eds), Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Developing Countries. Models, Methods and PolicyJoseph Blasi, Maya Kroumova and Douglas Kruse, Kremlin Capitalism: Privatising the Russian EconomyKees van der Pijl, Transnational Classes and International RelationsMelissa Leach and Robin Mearns (eds), The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African EnvironmentRamachandra Guha and J. Martinez‐Alier, Varieties of Environmentalism: Essays North and SouthLawrence S. Grossman, The Political Ecology of Bananas: Contract Farming, Peasants and Agrarian Change in the Eastern CaribbeanYiping Huang, Agricultural Reform in China: Getting Institutions RightHolger Bernt Hansen and Michael Twaddle (eds), Developing Uganda