Purpose Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common but heterogeneous complication of acquired brain injury. Integrated care pathways (ICPs) can support clinical decision-making, prompting timely intervention to improve quality of care. This 18-year cohort analysis of clinical data presents outcomes from an ICP for management of HSP in an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Materials & methods Consecutive data were extracted for all eligible patients admitted between 2000–2018 (n = 333). Patients were categorised according to presentation pattern (“Floppy-subluxed” (59%), “Painful-stiff” (21%) or Mixed/not categorised(20%)) to help guide early management. Pain was assessed using the Shoulder-Q with pain ratings/10 in three domains: rest, night-time and movement. Patients with pain reduction ≥3 points in any domain were designated ‘responders'. Results Mean baseline pain scores were 4.7 (95%CI 4.5,5.0). They were higher on movement (6.1(5.8,6.3)) than at rest (4.7(4.3, 5.0)) or at night (5.7(5.2,5.9)). Pain reduced significantly in all three domains (p < 0.0001) with a 65% overall response rate and complete resolution of pain 21–41%. There was a significant relationship between category of presentation pattern and management protocol used (X2 = 31.2, p < 0.0001). Conclusion These high pain-response rates compare favourably to the literature (14–27%), suggesting that this stratified and integrated approach to HSP guides more effective management in this heterogeneous clinical presentation. Implications for Rehabilitation Two-thirds of the patients demonstrated a clinically-significant reduction in pain when managed using the integrated care pathway. These results compare favourably with pain resolution rates of well under one-third cited in the literature and suggest that the integrated care pathway leads to reduced pain and improved patient outcomes. Hemiplegic shoulder pain can result from a range of different clinical problems. The diversity of presentation and the range of required treatments are confirmed in this 18-year cohort analysis. Heterogeneity in presentation of HSP poses a challenge for both management and the evaluation of outcome. The results of this study suggest that a stratified approach helps to guide more effective management.