Drainage Management Research Articles

Back Analysis of Rainfall-Induced Landslide in Cimanggung District of Sumedang Regency in West Java Using Deterministic and Probabilistic Analyses

Rainfall-induced landslides are widespread in Indonesia, particularly in West Java, where volcanic residual soils are typically stable but may become unstable during heavy rainfall. This study aims to back analyze the geotechnical factors contributing to the Cimanggung landslide in 2021. The methods applied in this study include site investigations, laboratory testing, and numerical modeling. We performed deterministic, coupled seepage-slope stability analysis and Monte Carlo probabilistic analysis to assess the slope performance prior to and after rainfall infiltration. The results reveal that the initial water level significantly affects slope stability, and heavy rainfall infiltration triggered the landslide’s initiation. The deep water table (over 20 m below ground level) maintains the slope stability, and increasing the water table to 16 m compromises its stability. Heavy rainfall infiltration reduces suction in the unsaturated zone, decreasing the shear strength and triggering landslides. The heavy rainfall infiltration did not penetrate deep enough to raise the water table; rather, poor urban drainage on the upper slope caused it. Rainfall infiltration caused wetting in the upper zone, weakening the slope and causing loss of support. It is recommended that effective drainage management and integrated slope monitoring be applied to mitigate landslide risks in this region.

The Development and Effects of Metaverse-based Core Nursing Skill Contents (CNSC) for Nursing Students: Drainage Management

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of metaverse-based content for teaching core nursing skills (CNSC) to undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group was selected using a non-synchronized design. A total of 71 participants (34 in the experimental group and 37 in the control group) were recruited between May and June 2023 in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The CNSC included scenarios focused on drain management. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 for Windows. Results: Upon completing the CNSC, significant differences were observed between the groups in core nursing skills knowledge (t=7.97, <i>p</i><.001), confidence in performing core nursing skills (t=5.79, <i>p</i><.001), and clinical competency (t=2.26, <i>p</i>=.003). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the CNSC designed for undergraduate nursing students was effective in enhancing their knowledge of core nursing skills, confidence in skill performance, and clinical competency.

Optimization of Real-Time Control Approach: Number, Placement, and Proportional–Integral–Derivative Control Rules of Flow Control Devices in Distributed Flood Routing

Climate change, through more frequent extreme weather events, and urban sprawl, by increasing runoff, are two critical threats to drainage networks, impacting both public health and property. Augmenting drainage networks to withstand additional stress by enlarging conduits or constructing new detention facilities requires a significant financial investment. The goal of this study is to enhance urban resilience by optimizing real-time control (RTC) systems for drainage networks that optimize the flow control devices (FCDs), which could mitigate the need to invest in major construction costs. RTC is an approach that can help mitigate flooding in urban areas. This study is the first to optimize feedback controllers in SWMM, as well as the first to simultaneously optimize the number, location, and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers for FCDs through two nested genetic algorithms (GAs), and especially within a unified environment (i.e., Python), which led to more efficient management of the process, thereby enhancing the efficiency of urban drainage network optimization. This study examined the impact of optimized RTC on the urban drainage network (UDN) in a part of New Orleans, LA, USA, under 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year storm events. The optimized RTC resulted in an improvement of up to 50% in network performance during a design storm. The results demonstrate the applicability in an urban environment where storms, flooding, and financial investments are critical to the management of stormwater drainage.

Managing acidic mine water pollution in karst regions based on hydrogeological structures

Acidic mine drainage (AMD) is one of the primary pollutants from abandoned mines. This type of pollution is characterized by its extensive area, prolonged duration, and challenging detection process, especially in karst region with intricate hydrological systems, thereby posing a significant threat to the sustainable development of the economy. This paper focuses on the pollution of acidic mine water in the karst region of Southwest China and adopts a comprehensive watershed pollution management strategy. Considering the unique hydrogeological structure of the karst mines, the active water cycle, and the sensitivity and fragility of the ecological environment, this study proposes a set of acid mine drainage pollution control methods based on hydrogeological structures. These include “zonal management, one policy per mine; source control, pollution reduction; and end-of-pipe treatment, standard discharge.” This study applies coal mine water prevention and control techniques to environmental management, developing a series of source control methods including “filling, isolating, blocking, intercepting, draining, and controlling”. It also integrates physical, chemical, and biological methods for the end-of-pipe treatment of acidic mine water. This approach has been successfully applied to the management of acidic mine drainage in the Yudong River basin in Kaili, Guizhou. Long-term monitoring of the "three-fields and four-water” revealed that rainfall significantly influences mine water quality. The study identified a “U-tube effect” whereby mine water exacerbates the pollution of karst water, leading to the development of a comprehensive prevention and control strategy termed the “three blocking (obstruction) and one guarantee” project. A comparative analysis of total iron content in the basin before and after treatment demonstrated a marked reduction, from 97.8mg/L to less than 0.3mg/L. This study provides a typical example for the prevention, control, and management of acid water pollution in karst areas across the watershed, and can serve as a reference for similar pollution management efforts.

Role for Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in High-risk Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: A Narrative Review.

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is one of the few preventative and therapeutic practices that may reduce spinal cord ischemia in high-risk thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (TEVAR). Although this is part of clinical guidelines in open thoracoabdominal aortic repair, there are no randomized controlled trials that provide convincing evidence on the protection conferred by CSF drainage in high-risk TEVAR patients. This gap in knowledge obfuscates clinical decision making given the risk of significant complications of CSF drain insertion and management. The current literature is inconclusive and provides conflicting results regarding the efficacy of, and complications from, CSF drainage in TEVAR. Filling the knowledge gap resulting from the limited current state of the literature warrants additional high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials that balance CSF drainage efficacy with potential complications in high-risk TEVAR patients.

Impacts of clinical backgrounds and intervention strategies on duration of intravenous antibiotics treatments in patients diagnosed with calculous pyelonephritis: A single-center retrospective study

ObjectivesThere are limited information that need to do appropriate treatment including duration of antibiotic treatments, timing of urinary drainage and pathogenesis of bacteria in calculous pyelonephritis. In the present study, we investigated real-world data on clinical features and succeeded treatment strategies in calculous pyelonephritis cases in our hospital, then, aimed to make predictive model estimating duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment. MethodsParticipants were 163 consecutive patients diagnosed with calculous pyelonephritis who underwent antibiotics treatments between 2017 and 2023 in our in-patients’ clinic. Candidates for explanatory variables that may affect duration of antibiotic treatments were age, gender, body mass index, stone location, stone size, septic status, blood culture, urine drainage, indwelling urethral catheter, diabetes mellitus and steroid intake. ResultsDuration of intravenous antibiotics treatment was 6 days in median (IQR: 4–8 days). Indwelling DJ stent or percutaneous nephrostomy were undergone in 74 (45.4 %) patients. Multiple regression analysis revealed that gender, age, indwelling urethral catheter, septic status and management of urine drainage independently affected essential duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment and regression coefficient estimates of those factors respectively were 0.998, 0.890, 2.487, 1.462, 1.293 with constant of 2.464. ConclusionsOur preliminary multiple regression models for predicting duration of intravenous antibiotics treatment may be useful to judge the timing of changing treatment strategies for patients who would not improve at around estimated intravenous antibiotics treatment periods. If vital signs were stable, it may be acceptable to judge urine drainage from above the urinary stone at around two days after intravenous antibiotic treatments.

Cerebrospinal fluid drain placement and comprehensive strategies for spinal cord protection in open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Ischaemic spinal cord injury remains a significant challenge in thoracoabdominal aortic repairs. Modern techniques have reduced spinal cord injury rates yet managing patients during and after thoracoabdominal aortic repairs remains complex. This article outlines our comprehensive approach to the prevention of spinal cord injuries in open thoracoabdominal aortic repair operations, focusing on the placement of cerebrospinal fluid drain and intraoperative strategies to enhance spinal cord protection. Preoperative planning involves thorough patient assessment, prehabilitation and nutritional support, detailed imaging review, thorough operative planning and patient blood management. Intraoperative measures include the use of neuromonitoring techniques like near-infrared spectroscopy and motor evoked potentials, as well as cerebrospinal fluid drainage together with blood pressure management to optimize spinal cord perfusion. Postoperative management focuses on maintaining haemodynamic stability with high mean arterial pressure, along with close monitoring and management of the cerebrospinal fluid drain to improve spinal cord perfusion. Additionally, thromboelastography-guided strategies are crucial for optimizing coagulation and addressing postoperative bleeding complications. The goal of this multifaceted approach is to minimize the risk of spinal cord injury, thereby improving patient outcomes and reducing the incidence of postoperative paraplegia. Our video tutorial shows some of our preoperative and intraoperative techniques for spinal cord protection in thoracoabdominal aortic repairs.

Influence of Trenchless Subsurface Drainage with a Rice Husk Filling System on Soybean Productivity Under a Poorly Drained Paddy Field for Future Applications in Smart Agriculture

In South Korea, paddy fields are increasingly being planted with soybeans to address rice supply and demand issues and increase soybean self-sufficiency. The field crops cannot grow healthily without adequate drainage due to the paddy fields storing water easily. In this study, we identified that Rice Husk Filling Drainage Method (RHDM) technology improved soil permeability and soil aeration. We also found that the soil moisture content was reduced and the water table remained at a lower level in the RHDM plot as compared to the control plot. The soybean moisture stress index showed that in the RHDM plot, the safety standard for stress due to excessive moisture at the 2 m interval was met. The soybean yield was increased by up to 35% in the 2 m RHDM construction interval compared to the control plot. In addition, the high hydraulic conductivity of the rice husk used as the hydrophobic material confirmed sufficient drainage performance and was considered economically advantageous. Therefore, our results show that RHDM is a highly efficient and economical drainage method in poorly drained paddy soils. Drainage management is essential for stable crop production in poorly drained paddy fields. Our research findings suggest that an efficient open field water management method is viable, which we believe will lead to future advances in open field smart agriculture.

Italian survey about intraperitoneal drain use in distal pancreatectomy.

Intraperitoneal prophylactic drain (IPD) use in distal pancreatectomy (DP) is still controversial. A survey was carried out through the Italian community of pancreatic surgeons using institutional emails, Twitter, and Facebook accounts of the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas (AISP) and the Italian Association of Hepato-biliary-pancreatic Surgery (AICEP). The survey was structured to learn surgeons' practice in using IPD through questions and one clinical vignette. Respondents were asked to report their regrets for omission and commission regarding the IPD use for the clinical scenario, eliciting a scale between 0 (no regret) and 100 (maximum regret). The threshold model and a multilevel mixed regression were built to identify respondents' attitudes. One hundred six surgeons completed the survey. Sixty-three (59.4%) respondents confirmed using at least 1 drain, while 43 (40.6%) placed 2 IPDs. Only 13 respondents (12.3%) declared a change in IPD strategy in patients at high risk of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF), while 9 (9.4%) respondents changed their strategy in low-risk POPF situations. Thirty-five (35.5%) respondents declared they would remove the IPD within the third postoperative day (POD) in the absence of CR-POPF suspicion. The median omission regret, which proved to be the wrong decision, was 80 (50-100, IQR). The median regret due to the commission of IPD, which turned out to be useless, was 2.5 (1-20, IQR). The CR-POPF probability threshold at which drainage omission was the less regrettable choice was 7% (1-35, IQR). The threshold to perceive drain omission as the least regrettable choice was higher in female surgeons (P < 0.001), in surgeons who modulated the strategies based on the risk of CR-POPF, and in high volume centers (p = 0.039). The threshold was lower in surgeons who performed minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (P < 0.001), adopted a closed system (P < 0.001), placed two IPDs (P < 0.001), or perceived the IPD as important to prevent reintervention (p = 0.047). Drain management after DP remains very heterogeneous among surgeons. The regret model suggested that IPD omission could be performed in low-risk patients (7% of CR-POPF), leading to low regret in the case of the wrong decision, making it an acceptable clinical decision.

Discontinuation of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF) Drainage in Acute Hydrocephalus: A Prospective Cohort Study and Exploratory Data Analysis.

The optimal management of CSF drainage in acute hydrocephalus, in particular when to initiate drain weaning, remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of timing and method of drain weaning on patient outcomes. This prospective observational study in a large-volume tertiary neuroscience centre included all adult patients who required temporary CSF drainage for acute hydrocephalus of any cause between January 2020 and March 2021. Contemporaneous data collection was conducted, including patient demographics, time to clamp, weaning methods, and clinical outcomes of hospital length of stay (LOS), rate of shunt insertion, drain-related infections, and mechanical complications. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the independent associations of timing-related factors. A total of 69 patients were included (mean age = 59.4 years). A total of 59% had CSF diversion for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 88% had EVD drainage. The length of drainage prior to the first clamp was significantly associated with the overall length of drainage (p < 0.0001), LOS (p = 0.004), and time to shunt (p = 0.02) following multivariate adjustment. For each day delayed in initiating the drain challenge, the overall LOS increased by an additional 1.25 days. There was no association between the weaning method and LOS, the rate of shunting, or CNS infection; however, those in the gradually weaned group had more mechanical complications, such as drain blockage or CSF leakage, than those rapidly weaned (p = 0.03) after adjustment. This study recommends challenging the drain early via a rapid wean to reduce LOS, mechanical complications, and possibly infections. The consequences of temporary CSF diversion have significant implications at financial and patient levels, but the quality of evidence regarding weaning remains poor. Further randomised multicentre studies and national databases of practice are required to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.

Fully automated simplification of urban drainage models on a city scale

ABSTRACT The article presents an innovative method for simplifying urban drainage models. This approach strategically reduces complexity while preserving accuracy in large-scale, high-resolution models such as those of the city of Graz. It involves the selective removal and aggregation of sewer network elements like subcatchments and conduits, ensuring vital features like storage nodes and flow controls remain intact for precise simulations. Despite significant reductions in model components, the simplified version maintains high accuracy in hydrological and hydraulic aspects, including water balance components like infiltration loss, surface runoff, and external outflow. The method proves equally effective across both land cover and sewer shed-based models, offering computational efficiencies that speed-up processing by 20–45 times for the study site. This is particularly beneficial for rapid decision-making and resource optimization in urban planning. The model also adeptly predicts flood events, especially from larger, infrequent rainfall, although an overly restrictive flow capacity can refine flood predictions at the expense of other flow characteristics. Ultimately, this streamlined approach allows for the quick creation of simplified, yet accurate, models from high-resolution city-scale hydrodynamic data or digital twins, facilitating efficient and timely analyses in urban drainage management.

Roles and responsibilities of neuroscience nurses in preventing Ventriculostomy related infections in adults: an integrative literature review.

Abstract Background The literature suggests that when nurses are aware of their roles and responsibilities, it may contribute to the improved quality of healthcare services. However, the identified roles and responsibilities of nurses in preventing ventriculostomy-related infections (VRI) are limited in the literature, despite their active participation in the management of external ventricular drainage (EVD). Method The CINAHL Complete, Health Source: Nursing and Academic edition, and MEDLINE Complete were accessed simultaneously through the EBSCO database. The database was searched using the key search terms for peer-reviewed, full-text journal articles in English from 2016 onwards. More literature including some seminal articles were retrieved from the Scopus database after searching through the reference lists of relevant articles. The selected articles were appraised for quality and then thematically analysed. Results The thematic analysis of the 34 selected articles elucidated seven themes that inform certain nursing roles and responsibilities that could contribute to VRI prevention.

Management of External Ventricular Drains for Neuromonitoring and Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment in Pediatric Patients Outside of Intensive Care Units: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study

BackgroundMost pediatric hospitals manage patients who require external ventricular drains (EVDs) exclusively within pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) because of institutional protocols. Our institution commonly manages patients with EVDs on the neurotrauma floor (NTF). We evaluated whether this practice results in more EVD-associated complications. MethodsA retrospective cohort study at our Level 1 pediatric trauma center identified all trauma patients ≤18 years old who received an EVD in 2018–2023. Demographics, presenting characteristics, in-hospital management, and EVD management details were recorded. The primary outcome was EVD-related complication events. ResultsOf the 81 patients who had EVDs placed after neurotrauma, 45 had their EVD managed exclusively in the PICU (PICU-EVD) and 36 had their EVD for some time while on the NTF (NTF-EVD). The groups were similar in sex (p = 0.87) and age (p = 0.054). PICU-EVD patients underwent fewer neurosurgeries (55.6% vs. 77.8%, p = 0.04) but spent more time on ventilators (10.6 ± 8.7 days vs. 6.4 ± 4.8, p = 0.02) and in the PICU (11.8 ± 9.0 days vs. 8.4 ± 5.9, p = 0.02). Total hospital stay was similar between groups (p = 0.44). NTF-EVD patients were on the drain longer (9.0 ± 7.4 days vs. 13.1 ± 9.1, p = 0.03), including 5.9 days on the NTF. Four EVD-related complications occurred overall: 2 accidental dislodgements and 2 cerebrospinal fluid leaks. EVD complication rates were similar on the NTF and PICU (2.2% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.21). All complications occurred late in the hospital course and were minor. A Poisson regression model comparing complication rates between PICU-only and NTF management (433 vs. 441 catheter days, respectively) found a complication rate of 6.8 per 1000 catheter days in the NTF group versus 2.3 per 1000 catheter days in the PICU-only group, yielding a rate ratio of 2.95 (95% confidence interval 0.29–30.4, p = 0.35). However, this difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionOur center routinely discharges patients from the PICU to the NTF with EVDs in place. This practice may be associated with no increased risk or rate of EVD-related complications compared to PICU-only management. Level of EvidenceIV.

Decision-making concordance in thoracic drain management: is necessary previous experience?

IntroductionProper management of thoracic drainages is essential in the recovery of patients after lung resection. This study evaluates the concordance in decision-making for drain removal depending on the type of drainage system used and the previous experience of the personnel. Material and methodsProspective, comparative, and stratified randomization study on interobserver variability between senior specialist doctors and inexperienced healthcare personnel in the removal of thoracic drains in patients undergoing lung resection connected to conventional systems (CS) or digital systems (DS) with continuous recording. The withdrawal criteria were established before the study, and decisions were recorded during three postoperative days. Results75 patients were included, 38 CS and 37 DS, with no statistically significant differences in sex distribution, age, intervention performed, presence of pleuropulmonary adhesions, drain time, or post-extraction complications between the groups. The overall concordance in drain removal decisions was moderate (kappa = 0.452), with notable variations in concordance depending on the drainage system used: CS (kappa = 0.188) with an overall agreement rate of 61.7% compared to DS (kappa = 0.716) with an overall agreement rate of 86.4%. Digital systems showed substantial concordance regardless of the operator's experience, with kappa values indicating high concordance on all postoperative days. ConclusionsThe use of digital systems for managing thoracic drains significantly improves concordance in clinical decision-making regardless of the experience level. These findings suggest that adopting digital systems not only optimizes patient safety but also reduces the dependence on highly specialized healthcare professionals.

Current Perioperative Management of CSF Drains for Repair of TAAA and DTAA Surgery

Current Perioperative Management of CSF Drains for Repair of TAAA and DTAA Surgery

Safe external ventricular drain management for infection prevention and control: a narrative review

Introduction: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is a common neurosurgical procedure. Nurses play a crucial role in care, troubleshooting, and monitoring of EVD-related complications, making their education and training in this area of paramount importance. A well-trained nurse possesses the necessary knowledge and skills to recognize and respond promptly to EVD-related complications, such as infections, bleeding, and blockages. External ventricular drainage is associated with a high rate of nosocomial meningitis. The introduction of a well- implemented EVD care bundle can significantly decrease EVD infection rates. The support of the multi-item bundle for EVD is considered very important to reduce EVD-related infections.Aim: To summarize the most recent available evidence for the prevention and control of EVD infections. Methods: Comprehensive literature search had been done using the PubMed (Medline), Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases. The narrative review was performed according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review checklist (PRISMA-ScR).Results: The query identified 4266 studies; after duplicate removal and exclusion of papers due to non-pertinent criteria, 26 studies were included. Only three papers were related to pediatric patients and all were about EVD anchoring. Regarding the risk of infection, bundles and protocols are important for the reduction of the occurrence rate; however, staff adherence to these is fundamental.Conclusion: Multidisciplinary staff and training are fundamental to improve EVD management. Avoiding routine or daily sampling reduces the EVD infection rate. When the procedure is requested, it is important to follow a strict protocol and to use sterile techniques. Hydrocolloid dressings, SecurAcath, gauze, and film dressings were used to anchor the cover EVD in the studies.

Stormwater Management in Urban Coastal Areas—A Review

Stormwater management in coastal urban cities, where drainage networks are influenced by marine dynamics and specific soil and altimetry conditions, has specific challenges that need to be addressed to ensure adequate management in such areas, which are also heavily affected by floods. Their location downstream of drainage basins and the interaction of network outfalls with current and tidal variability increases the vulnerability of populations and should therefore be the target of specific studies. This article presents a literature review, where publications that focus on stormwater management in coastal urban areas were identified and analyzed. The main objective was to present the key issues related to drainage in coastal areas, the most relevant challenges, the solutions and strategies that reveal the greater potential for application and the challenges for modeling this type of case. It is intended to provide a grounded basis for new ways of optimizing stormwater drainage in coastal areas and promote a sustainable urban water cycle. This review reveals the necessity to implement a multidisciplinary approach to minimize three main issues: urban flooding, stormwater pollution and groundwater salinization, including the adaptation of existing infrastructures, complementing them with control solutions at source, correct urban planning and the involvement of populations. For an effective management of urban stormwater drainage in coastal areas, this approach must be carried out on a watershed scale, duly supported by reliable decision support tools and monitoring systems.

Application of knowledge graph in smart irrigation district management decision making

Regarding the traditional irrigation and drainage management methods in China's irrigation districts, there are problems such as complex management processes, dispersed information systems, difficulty in resource sharing, diverse data sources, and insufficient intelligent auxiliary decision-making. In order to further realize refined intelligent management decision-making on issues related to smart irrigation districts, this article uses the basic information of 28 Yellow River diversion irrigation districts in Henan Province, as well as the overall plan reports and related issue management manuals of 7 management offices of the first and second phase projects of Zhaokou Irrigation District as data sources. Collect and organize data from irrigation areas, and use these to build a knowledge graph for management of issues in irrigation areas diverted from the Yellow River. At the same time, the BERT + BiLSTM + CRF model is used to intelligently identify entities such as irrigation projects and problem events in the Zhaokou Irrigation District inspection log text, and entity alignment technology is used to match the inspection text with entities in the knowledge graph. Finally, combined with the graph retrieval function, the intelligent generation of smart irrigation district management decision-making solutions is realized. The validation of specific irrigation district examples and analysis of the evaluation indexes of relevant models demonstrate the reliability of the problem management decision-making scheme proposed in this paper. This application effectively facilitates the integration of information data in the Yellow River diversion irrigation area and enables visual management of intelligent irrigation zones, presenting a novel concept for the informationization construction of China's irrigation areas.

Fluvial adjustments due to straightening and inadequate management of urban drainage: the Maringá Stream catchment, Southern Brazil

The morphological channel changes can occur through direct interventions, such as engineering works, or indirectly due to alterations in the catchment runoff. This study conducted morphometric evaluations using geoprocessing techniques and fieldwork in fluvial reaches altered by straightening and influenced by urbanization in the Maringá Stream catchment, located in the northern state of Paraná, Brazil. The study analyzed the sinuosity index and the average width of three representative reaches between the years 1970 and 2017. The sinuous morphology of the reaches was straightened in the 1970s and 1980s and did not re-establish itself. Over the past two decades, these reaches exhibited a trend of increasing average width (~100%) due to urbanization in the drainage areas. However, intermittent periods of channel narrowing were also observed. This behavior is associated with bank erosion and failure, leading to the formation of benches. The morphogenesis of this relief unit in the channel results from inadequate management of stormwater runoff from urban areas. This scenario indicates the need for coordinated efforts between urban stormwater management and fluvial geomorphology to maintain the physical integrity of rivers.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENDORONG PERUBAHAN POLA SPASIAL TERHADAP DRAINASE PERKOTAAN DI KECAMATAN DENPASAR BARAT

Changes in spatial patterns, especially the transformation of land from green open spaces to built-up areas, have caused various impacts on the environment and urban drainage systems. This study analyzes the driving factors of spatial pattern change on urban drainage in West Denpasar District, with a special focus on Padangsambian Kelod Village and Pemecutan Kelod Village. This study aims to identify and understand the factors that contribute to changes in the drainage system in the region. The research methods used include collecting spatial data through satellite imagery and thematic maps, field surveys for direct observation, and interviews with residents and related stakeholders. The collected data was then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to identify spatial change patterns and their driving factors. The results show that the change in spatial patterns towards urban drainage in West Denpasar District is driven by several main factors, including rapid population growth, intensive infrastructure development, and land use change from agricultural to residential and commercial. These factors have led to increased surface runoff, decreased drainage capacity, and increased flood risk in the region. This study concludes that a more integrated and sustainable drainage management approach is needed to overcome the challenges posed by changes in spatial patterns. The recommendations submitted include increasing drainage capacity, implementing environmentally friendly development practices, and increasing public awareness about the importance of maintaining urban drainage systems.