Crime Management Research Articles

Exploring the scale and scope of community policing in North-Western Ghana

Global urban population growth appears to challenge governments’ ability to ensure access to essential urban services, such as policing. This situation is impeding the achievement of SDG target 11.1. However, citizens’ role in co-producing safe and secure neighbourhoods has been instrumental in augmenting limited governments’ efforts in the provision of adequate security. Acknowledging the relevance of co-producing community policing (CP) outcomes in neighbourhood crime management, this study critically examines the awareness, knowledge, understanding, and effectiveness of community policing strategies in North-Western Ghana. In a mixed methods research design, the study revealed a low level of awareness of community policing strategies in North-Western Ghana, which constrains the efforts to initiate and benefit from the outcomes of co-producing community policing. Consequently, knowledge, understanding, and effectiveness of community policing strategies appear very limited and, therefore, draw back the desire for inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities as detailed in SDG 11. Restoring community watch committees and enkindling effective co-production of community policing outcomes are critical parts to the global crime management strategies.

Prevention, Control and Management of Drug-related Crime in the Form of "Internet+Shipping"

Prevention, Control and Management of Drug-related Crime in the Form of "Internet+Shipping"

The Western Nigeria Security Network Operation and Crime Management in Ondo State, Nigeria

The Western Nigeria Security Network Operation and Crime Management in Ondo State, Nigeria

Spatial Patterns of Violence Against Women and Children using Geographic Information System and Density-Based Clustering Algorithm

This paper underscores the importance of the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm in data mining. In this research, data mining clustering methods were applied to investigate consummated felonies related to the "Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 - RA 9262" from 2018 to 2023. The criminal data processed from the Police Regional Office 6 of the Philippine National Police encompassed 248 attributes reflecting cases over the specified period. The significance of this study lies in its utilization of ArcGIS Pro software to process the provided data through clustering techniques, presenting a robust approach for detecting criminal activities and recognizing patterns to aid law enforcement in crime reduction efforts. Spatial data mining proves practical when dealing with geographic crime datasets, facilitating the analysis of large volumes of crime data. The DBSCAN algorithm was employed to cluster crime incidents centered on predefined events, with the resultant clusters used to identify hotspots. These clustering outcomes are then visualized using GIS, enabling real-time mapping of crime distribution for law enforcement agencies to comprehend and engage with effectively. The outcomes empower stakeholders to devise interventions tailored to specific locations, thereby contributing to a safer environment for women and children. The study illuminates the localized analysis of crime distribution, offering insights into the interconnected factors influencing criminal incidents and providing a framework for crafting targeted and efficient strategies for crime prevention, thereby enriching the broader dialogue on crime management and public safety.

Investigation Into Security Strategies on Crime Management by the United Nations Mission in Unity State, South Sudan

Investigation Into Security Strategies on Crime Management by the United Nations Mission in Unity State, South Sudan

Bibliometric Analysis into Artificial Intelligence in Crime Management: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

Bibliometric Analysis into Artificial Intelligence in Crime Management: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

Modelling the Effect of Police Motivating Factors on Effective Crime Management in Nigeria

This study investigates the relationship between police motivating factors' and the crime rate in Nigeria. The fixed effect panel data model with geopolitical zones and states as dummy variables results indicated the significance of motivating factors aside from logistics and insurance with multiple R-squared values of 76.65%. The random effect panel data model showed every motivating factor was significant with multiple R-squared values of 53.81%. Therefore, based on multiple R squared values, the fixed effect panel data model explained the variations in crime rate better—random effect study. Conclusively, police motivating factors have a significant impact on the crime rate in Nigeria.

Community-Based Organisations and Crime Management in Nigeria: A Study of Rural and Urban Centres of Akwa Ibom State

The complementary potency of Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) to government efforts informed the need for this study on “CBOs and crime management in Nigeria: a study of rural and urban centers of Akwa Ibom”. It aimed at appraising the role of CBOs in crime management, the effectiveness of such roles, and the possible factors that affect the CBOs in their bid to contribute to crime management with emphasis on a comparative analysis of such realities in urban and rural centers. The study was guided by the assumptions of the Goal Theory made popular by McClelland, Humble, Locke, and Cole. Utilizing the survey research method, a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select two hundred and forty (240) respondents who were of value and the chi-square test was the instrument for statistical analysis. Emerging data showed that CBOs had not played significant roles in the management of crime, there was a similitude in roles played by the CBOs irrespective of the center, and there were urban-rural based differences in the kind of problems the CBOs experienced. In the main, the study acknowledged that CBOs are capable of contributing positively to crime management; but they should be intentional and more focused on managing crime in their areas of operation.

The Resort to Emergency Policing to Control Gang Violence in Jamaica: Making the Exception the Rule

AbstractThis article critically examines reasons for the persistent use of states of emergency (SOEs) as a tool of crime control in Jamaica and risks associated with normalising these measures in small, low-capacity, competitive democracies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We attend to the question of permanent SOEs as an issue of law and certain policing methods becoming normalised. This differs from scholars who think about the use of permanent SOEs as suspension of law or executive rule and make a clear distinction between law and violence and normalcy and emergency. Our findings show that persistent usage of SOEs in Jamaica reflects the incapacity of the state to control violent crime as well as its effort to strengthen its coercive capabilities and compensate for the ineffectiveness of the police. It is also a response to public demand for SOE policing. State strengthening is a necessary condition for a more peaceful and law-abiding society but is also a carrier of risks of democratic degeneration via rights-disregarding policing. Nonetheless, we have seen authoritarian management of crime without descent into authoritarianism, in general, and strong boundary-marking and patrolling by some state-oversight institutions that enjoy the support of civil society.

Criminological Effectiveness of the Astrent as a Legal Incentive for Judgment Enforcement

The enforcement of judicial decisions is a pivotal aspect of the criminal justice system. The institution of an astrent is recognized as a legal mechanism designed to motivate a debtor to comply with a judicial decision, thereby serving as a deterrent to non-compliance and as a reinforcement of the rule of law. This coercive tool, by imposing negative material consequences, is intended to ensure adherence to a verdict, which is essential for maintaining public trust in the justice system – a core criminological concern. Given the varying legal nature of the astrent across different jurisdictions, this study examines its potential introduction into Ukrainian law from a criminological perspective, analyzing its deterrent capacity within the framework of criminal justice enforcement. The research outlines the similarities and distinctions between the astrent and other punitive measures, delving into its effectiveness as a defense method and its role in bolstering the execution of judgments. It highlights specific dispute categories within the criminal justice system where the astrent could significantly enhance compliance. Critical to the adaptation of this European legal construct to Ukrainian legislation, the paper scrutinizes several foundational issues that necessitate resolution. Notably, the paper discusses the termination of the right to an astrent post-imposition, suggesting that the objective impossibility of fulfilling a judicial act – owing to circumstances emerging after the court's decision and leading to the obligation's termination as per Article 607 of the Civil Code – should be the sole ground for relieving a debtor from the astrent payment. The study's alignment with criminological interests lies in its potential to shape debtor behavior, augment the effectiveness of legal sanctions, and provide empirical evidence for policy-making in the realm of crime management and enforcement legislation. The implications for both national and international criminological scholarship are considered, with the article contributing to the ongoing discourse on the optimization of punitive measures within the justice system and their theoretical underpinnings.

Intelligence Gathering and Sustainable Crime Management in Nigeria

Nigeria has witnessed different categories of crime and unimagined attacks such as terrorism attacks, insurgency, proliferation of arms and ammunition, transnational organized crimes, drug trafficking, bandit’s attacks, kidnapping, abduction, violence attacks on individuals and robberies, cybercrimes, trading on illicit drugs and dealing on contraband goods. Crime in the society today has become a recurring daily discussion that is bordering all manner of individuals and group living in the society. There is therefore every need to take proactive measures at ending this menace that has become an enemy not only to the growth and development of the society but the entire existence of humanity. The study focuses on the application of intelligence gathering in crime in management Nigeria. This study delves into the relevance of the intelligence gatheringapproach in crime management within the Nigerian context, while exploring the nature of intelligence gathering and its application in Nigeria. This research investigates the practical implementation of intelligence gathering and its impact on crime management and control in Nigeria. The study uses qualitative data that allows for the identification of emergent themes and patterns of criminality in Nigeria. Findings indicate that the intelligence gathering approach holds relevance in adapting to dynamic criminal trends in Nigeria. This study contributes to the discourse on modernizing law enforcement strategies in Nigeria by examining the practical relevance of the intelligence gathering in crime control. The study’s outcomes aim to inform policies and practices that enhance the effectiveness of intelligence-driven approach in addressing crime challenges, offering insights for strategic decision-making in the realm of law enforcement.

Militarization, militianization, and crime management in the neoliberal city

Resumo O artigo inicia com uma retomada teórica das teses sobre novos mecanismos de gestão da segurança urdidos nos últimos 40 anos no Norte Global, como as políticas de "tolerância zero" e o "novo urbanismo militar". Explora-se, em seguida, o nexo entre neoliberalismo, megaeventos, desigualdades e punição. Como reflexão empírica, debruçamo-nos no caso da Intervenção Federal na Segurança Pública no Rio de Janeiro em 2018. Assim, pretendemos contribuir para uma agenda de pesquisa que explora os engates entre novos desenhos urbanos, gestão populacional diferencial, punição e capitalismo neoliberal, além de apontar como as manifestações brasileiras destes processos têm contribuído para alterações nos arranjos sociais e políticos do País, sobretudo pelo fortalecimento dos grupos milicianos e da lógica que os sustenta.

Avaliação da atuação da gestão em saúde no desastre-crime de derramamento de petróleo na costa do estado do Pernambuco

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the actions taken by health management to deal with the criminal disaster of an oil spill off the coast of Pernambuco in 2019. It is a case study investigating the health sector’s actions in four municipalities in Pernambuco. Data was collected through interviews with 16 health department managers (municipal and state), using a semi-structured script with questions about performance, impacts, actions taken, difficulties, challenges, and lessons learned. The Collective Subject Discourse analysis revealed four thematic axes: a) managers’ perception of the impacts of the crime disaster; b) actions taken in the process of risk management of the disaster crime by the health sector; c) difficulties faced in the process of mitigating the disaster; d) evaluation of management actions during the disaster crime and future preparation. Weaknesses in health management were identified in disaster mitigation actions due to the need for more preparation of health services and professionals. The lack of instruments and coordination between the federated entities intensified the difficulties, generating calamity in the territory. This points to the need to build instruments and protocols to guide such actions in these situations so that activities can be carried out more efficiently and effectively.

Web-Based Crime Management System for Samara City Main Police Station

Crime is a human experience, and it must be controlled. The Samara town police station plays a significant role in controlling crime. However, the management of crime activities is done manually, which is due to the lack of an automated system that supports the station workers in communicating with citizens to share information and store, retrieve, and manage crime activities. To control crime efficiently, we need to develop online crime management systems. This project, entitled "Web-Based Crime Management System," is designed to develop an online application in which any citizen can report crimes; if anybody wants to file a complaint against crimes, they must enjoy online communication with the police. This project provides records of crimes that have led to disciplinary cases in addition to being used to simply retrieve information from the database. The system implemented is a typical web-based crime record management system based on client-server architecture, allowing data storage and crime record interchange with police stations.

Technological Innovations and Regional Security Control towards Sustainable Development in the G5 Sahel Region

The Sahel region has suffered multiple security threats that have posed multiple challenges to the security of the entire region and other parts of the world. Following a buildup of security threats in the region since 2012, the US and EU have partnered to provide troops to bolster security and forestall the spread of radicalization into terrorism. This paper focuses on the role of technological innovations on security control and crime management, provides background to the study, with focus on the rise of technology on security control and crime management. The paper also discusses the history of the crisis in the Sahel, focusing on the G5 Sahel, and provides key recommendations on the use of technology as a panacea for security control and crime management in the G5 Sahel. The study was based on securitization theory and was carried out using case-study research design based on three objectives: to assess the current technological innovation infrastructure in use in the G5 Sahel region, evaluate the impact of technological innovations in crime management and security control in the G5 Sahel region and to assess the potential of emerging technological innovations in addressing crime and security management in the G5 Sahel and the broader Sub-Saharan Africa. Technological innovations are critical components of addressing cross border challenges. However, technology can also lead to insecurity challenges, where insurgents use them to perpetrate crimes, including using UAVs to strike at civilian targets. The researchers find that the use of technology has become consequential in the fight against crime and insecurity. They also find that technology has helped address emergent needs in crime and security management in the G5 Sahel. They recommend that there is need to re-imagine the G5 Sahel to increase coordination among member states. They also call for further studies on the impacts of “false flags” on social media, which could be used to negatively profile otherwise harmless civilians. They also call for greater and meaningful public participation to ensure the deployment of new technologies is supported by the public.

Location Reference Recognition from Texts: A Survey and Comparison

A vast amount of location information exists in unstructured texts, such as social media posts, news stories, scientific articles, web pages, travel blogs, and historical archives. Geoparsing refers to recognizing location references from texts and identifying their geospatial representations. While geoparsing can benefit many domains, a summary of its specific applications is still missing. Further, there is a lack of a comprehensive review and comparison of existing approaches for location reference recognition, which is the first and core step of geoparsing. To fill these research gaps, this review first summarizes seven typical application domains of geoparsing: geographic information retrieval, disaster management, disease surveillance, traffic management, spatial humanities, tourism management, and crime management. We then review existing approaches for location reference recognition by categorizing these approaches into four groups based on their underlying functional principle: rule-based, gazetteer matching–based, statistical learning-–based, and hybrid approaches. Next, we thoroughly evaluate the correctness and computational efficiency of the 27 most widely used approaches for location reference recognition based on 26 public datasets with different types of texts (e.g., social media posts and news stories) containing 39,736 location references worldwide. Results from this thorough evaluation can help inform future methodological developments and can help guide the selection of proper approaches based on application needs.

Crime mapping and hot spot analysis using geospatial data in Jalingo metropolis of Taraba State, Nigeria

Crime mapping and hot spot analysis are topical and significant research across the fields of criminology, data digging, city planning and law enforcement for crime control. This study seeks to identify high crime areas which require an officer presence and predicting the possible response demand to increase the efficiency of response officer patrols. Crime type and patterns exist on a spatial level; these patterns and type can be grouped geographically by physical location, and analyzed contextually based on the region in which crime occurs. The study aimed at analyzing crime hotspots using geospatial data in Jalingo metropolis by identifying the different kinds of crime in the study area, determine the spatio-temporal variation of crime occurrences in the study area and determine the high crime density area (hotspot).This study proposed a method to identifying level crime, localize crime hotspots, identify relationship between spatiotemporal crime patterns and social trends, and analyze the resulting data for the purposes of knowledge discovery and anomaly detection. Several types of crime were analyzed in this dataset, including burglary, bribery, forgery ,murder ,rape ,theft drug abuse, assault, and robbery analysis, several interesting findings were drawn about crime in Jalingo metropolis, including: Crime mapping and hotspots with steadily increasing crime levels, hotspots with unstable crime levels, synchronous changes in crime trends throughout Jalingo metropolis as a whole, individual months in which certain hotspots behaved anomalously, and a strong relationship between crime hotspot locations. This type of statistical and correlative analysis of crime patterns will help law enforcement agencies predict criminal activity, allocate resources, and promote community awareness to reduce overall crime rates in Jalingo metropolis. Policing approaches like patrolling and response to crime incidents can be more effective if proper crime mapping and crime hot spot analysis data are available for policing is used to make decisions on crime control in the study area. Predictive policing in crime management use information such as historical crime data to predict crime patterns and response demand. Historical crime data is used to identify high crime areas through kernel density estimation. It is also used to anticipate the levels of response demand. Both of these factors are used to determine how to direct police patrols. This study revealed how kernel density estimation is used for crime mapping and hot spot.

Rethinking community security in Uganda: Integrating community policing with intelligence-led policing

ABSTRACT Contemporary changes in crime reveal the need to enhance law enforcement methods such as Community Policing with intelligence-based approaches for sustained community–police partnerships and improved community participation in ensuring safety. Community participation and partnership with law enforcers is essential for identification of threats and vulnerabilities, collection, analysis and sharing of crime data and problem solving. Uganda’s Community Policing has since 1989 focused on image construction, trust and confidence building for the police within the community and underscoring police relevancy in a transitional democracy while crime remained steadily high. The introduction of crime preventers and Local Defence Units (LDUs) to back-up police in handling crime, patrol neighbourhoods and gather intelligence has instead attracted accusations against law enforcers for excessive use of force, human rights violations and involvement in crime. Intelligence led policing (ILP) aims at enhancing community safety based on analysed information for strategic, operational and tactical benefits in crime prevention. Using secondary sources of data, the paper argues that while Community Policing has been preferred in crime prevention, intelligence gathering for purposes of investigating and preventing crime has remained poor. It recommended that Community Policing is integrated with ILP for effective detection, prevention, management of crime and enhanced community security.

A Framework of Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) for Crime Investigations

Crime investigation have gained attention among multidisciplinary domain experts due to severity of impact to strategic decision making and crime management. Current study develops decision support tools by introducing spatial decision support system for investigating crime. Spatial analysis can be integrated into decision support system for robust analysis. Spatial decision support system framework comprises of four main components; (I) database, (ii) knowledge-base, (iii) user interface and (iv) knowledge base. Spatial analysis involve location-based point in order to identify crime distribution. SCRIVIS-DSS is divided into three modules; from pattern identification module to information visualization module followed by decision making module. Therefore, this effort could be served as basis to spatial component to assist decision makers in crime investigation.

Corruption, crime and investments by firms in emerging economies

PurposeThe study aims to investigate the effect of corruption and crime on the investments by firms in emerging economies (EEs).Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts the generalised methods of moments (GMM) estimator and data across 57 EEs.FindingsThe study shows that crime management, corruption and external quality assurance drive-up investments. Additionally, investments decline with firm age and crime incidence. Corruption and crime managements increase investments by exporting firms more than non-exporting firms investments. Also, external auditor services benefit investments by large firms more than small-medium firms.Originality/valueThere is a need for EEs to implement policies that will curtail corruption and create a level playing field and sustainable firm growth. EEs firms must be innovative to expand their productive investments and grow over time. Also, EEs firms should seek external quality certification, invest in internal security and monitor goods in transit.