Malondialdehide Research Articles

Moringa oleifera fruit extract as a potential antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model: pre-clinical study.

Background: Moringa oleifera fruit extract contains beneficial chemical compounds. This study was conducted to observed the power of antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in an obese male mice model. Methods: This research was in vivo laboratory experimental study with a post-test control design group only. The population was obese male mice models, Swiss strain, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing between 60-80 gr. The research sample was determined by Federer's formula for a complete randomized design experimental test, group N (control), O1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane intraperitoneal (i.p) once), O2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p twice), P1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. once and gavage with M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg bodyweight (BW) once a day), P2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg BW once a day), and P3 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of vitamin C 500mg/kg BW once a day). Antioxidant potential parameters were measured by levels of malondialdehide (MDA), glutation (GSH), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), catalase activity, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). This research was held at the Biochemistry laboratory of Medicine Faculty, UPN Veteran Jakarta in May-September 2020. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. The parameters were tested using ANOVA. Results: MDA levels decreased, GSH increased, 8-OHdG decreased, catalase activity increased, MnSOD activity increased and SGOT, SGPT levels decreased. M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically proven to be a candidate for potential antioxidant against liver injury of 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model. Conclusions: M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically evident as an antioxidant substance that reduces oxidative stress in acute liver injury caused by 2-Nitropropane induction.

Moringa oleifera fruit extract as a potential antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model: pre-clinical study

Background: Moringa oleifera fruit extract contains beneficial chemical compounds. This study was conducted to observed the power of antioxidant against liver injury by 2-Nitropropane induction in an obese male mice model. Methods: This research was in vivo laboratory experimental study with a post-test control design group only. The population was obese male mice models, Swiss strain, aged 6–8 weeks, weighing between 60–80 gr. The research sample was determined by Federer's formula for a complete randomized design experimental test, group N (control), O1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane intraperitoneal (i.p) once), O2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p twice), P1 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. once and gavage with M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg bodyweight (BW) once a day), P2 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of M. oleifera fruit extract 500mg/kg BW once a day), and P3 (induced by 2-Nitropropane i.p. twice and gavage of vitamin C 500mg/kg BW once a day). Antioxidant potential parameters were measured by levels of malondialdehide (MDA), glutation (GSH), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), catalase activity, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). This research was held at the Biochemistry laboratory of Medicine Faculty, UPN Veteran Jakarta in May–September 2020. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. The parameters were tested using ANOVA. Results: MDA levels decreased, GSH increased, 8-OHdG decreased, catalase activity increased, MnSOD activity increased and SGOT, SGPT levels decreased. M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically proven to be a candidate for potential antioxidant against liver injury of 2-Nitropropane induction in obese male mice model. Conclusions: M. oleifera fruit extract was statistically evident as an antioxidant substance that reduces oxidative stress in acute liver injury caused by 2-Nitropropane induction.

New Approaches on the Anti-Inflammatory and Cardioprotective Properties of Taraxacum officinale Tincture

The present research investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities, as well as the antioxidant potential of Taraxacum officinale tincture (TOT), in relation to the polyphenolic composition. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques were used to determine the polyphenolic profile of TOT and the antioxidant activity was preliminarily assessed in vitro by DPPH• and FRAP spectrophotometric methods. The in vivo anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities were studied in rat turpentine-induced inflammation and in rat isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction (MI) models. The main polyphenolic compound identified in TOT was cichoric acid. The oxidative stress determinations showed the capacity of the dandelion tincture not only to decrease the total oxidative stress (TOS), the oxidative stress index (OSI), and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), but also the malondialdehide (MDA), thiols (SH), and nitrites/nitrates (NOx) levels both in inflammation and MI models. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatin kinase-MB (CK-MB), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) parameters were decreased by the administration of the tincture. The results show that T. officinale could be considered a valuable source of natural compounds with important benefits in pathologies linked to oxidative stress.

EFFECTS OF HEAT STRESS ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF SMALL REDDISH BEAN

The effects of heat stress on malondialdehid (MDA) content, ascorbic acid (AsA), isoperoxidases, total soluble protein (TSP) and SDS-PAGE protein profiles of small reddish bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Keklik) leaves were investigated. For this purpose, the collected leaf samples (preferably the third from the apex) were placed into pyrex tubes with caps closed and incubated in a water bath: after a 30-minutes habituation at 30ºC, to apply heat stress the leaves were subjected to 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60°C with gradual increments every 30-minutes. According to the results, the MDA content increased with escalating temperatures, starting with 40°C. Although there was fluctuation, the AsA content generally decreased with high temperatures. Besides, TSP content decreased after 50°C. Moreover, three asidic and four basic isoperoxidase bands were identified. There was a marked difference at acidic isoperoxidase band intensities under 40 and 45°C heat treatment. Protein bands with molecu1ar weight of approximately 14.5-195 kDa were determined. In conclusion, especially 40°C is critical for small reddish bean plants, besides 40°C and above temperatures causes oxidative stress in small reddish bean plant. Additionally, isoperoxidases and proteins may be an effective mean on heat stress tolerance.

Serum Malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes as bioindicator of oxidative stress in women with PCOS at UITH, Ilorin

Several studies showed circulating oxidative markers being significantly high in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women when compared with women without PCOS thus oxidative markers may be considered as potential inducer of PCOS pathogenesis. However some previous studies show inconsistent findings among PCOS patients hence, more studies are necessary to further investigate such relationships involving antioxidants and PCOS, especially in our clime where there is paucity of data relating PCOS and oxidative stress marker. Our aim therefore, was to determine the activities of oxidative stress markers in patients with PCOS.
 This prospective study was carried out on 45 female clients with PCOS aged between 27 and 50 years and their results were compared with 45 healthy age matched controls. The serum was used to estimate the levels of Malondialdehide (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Glutathione S-reductase (GSH), activities in both patients and controls. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
 The mean serum levels of SOD, MDA and GSH were statistically significantly higher in women with PCOS than in control. There was statistically significant positive correlation between Folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Leutenizing Hormone (LH), SOD, MDA and Age.
 Higher serum MDA, SOD and GSH levels in PCOS patients compared with the controls in this study, similar to previous studies may be attributed to a compensatory response by the body's defense mechanisms to higher circulating levels of oxidants. No statistical significance difference in the mean catalase activity when PCOS patients were compared with controls. In conclusion, serum MDA and antioxidant enzymes are higher in PCOS patients, pointing to the fact that oxidative stress is more prevalent among these patients with PCOS, therefore it will not be out of place to evaluate with PCOS for oxidative stress, irrespective of their reproductive disorders.

Curcumin’s Antioxidant Properties in Stable Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most common intervention for coronary artery disease (CAD) with very low complications. High oxidative stress post-PCI is associated with further atherosclerosis progression. Curcumin, extracted from a specific type of herbs, exhibits anti-oxidant properties by acting as hydrogen and electron donor for superoxide radicals. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of curcumin’s antioxidant properties in reducing oxidative stress of post-PCI in stable CAD.METHODS: This study was a double-blind parallel randomized controlled trial among 50 stable CAD patients undergoing PCI in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital and Jakarta Heart Center. The subjects received either 45 mg/day curcumin or placebo 7 days pre-PCI until 48 hours post-PCI. Reduced oxidative stress markers (decreased MDA or increased GSH) were measured in 3 phases (7 days pre-PCI, 24 hours post-PCI, 48 hours post-PCI).RESULTS: Curcumin group showed increased MDA from baseline to 24 hours (Δ1=0.01 vs. 0.03; p=0.3) and decreased MDA from baseline to 48 hours (Δ2=-0.06 vs. 0.03; p=0.9). While, curcumin group showed decreased GSH from baseline to 24 hours (Δ1=-49.7% vs. 12.2%; p=0.4) and from baseline to 48 hours (Δ2=-19.09% vs. 11.4%; p=0.6). However, no significant changes were found in malondialdehide (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) level after the intervention.CONCLUSION: The 45 mg/day curcumin supplementation from 7 days pre-PCI until 48 hours post-PCI had no significant antioxidant effect in stable CAD post-PCI.KEYWORDS: coronary artery disease, curcumin, antioxidant, percutaneous coronary intervention

Improved quality of Kambing Kacang sexing frozen semen with the addition of green tea extract.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding various doses of green tea extract to the semen of Kacang goats during the sexing process on motility, viability, membrane integrity, malondialdehide (MDA), and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. It started with the containment of the semen of the Kacang goat, followed by macroscopic and microscopic examinations. If the semen was considered viable, a diluter that had been added with various doses of green tea extract would be added to the semen. After that, sexing was carried out using the percoll gradient density medium. Next, the sexed semen was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Then, an examination of motility, viability, membrane integrity, MDA, and DNA fragmentation was conducted. There was a significant difference between the control and treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The highest result was obtained in the treatment of adding 0.05 mg of green tea extract/100 ml of Andromed®. The addition of green tea extract can improve the quality of the sexed semen of the Kacang goat after it has been cryopreserved.

Synergistic Effect of Coconut Water and Garlic Tincture on Lipids and Oxidative Profile of Albino Rats Treated with High Fat Diet and Alcohol

Aim: This study evaluated the combined effect of coconut water and garlic tincture on lipid and antioxidants profile of albino rats fed with high fat diet and alcohol.
 Study Design: This study is a non-randomized experimental study design.
 Place and Duration of Study: Rivers State University Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, the study was done between 20th November, 2018-30th June 2019.
 Methodology: A total number of 45 Wister albino rats were used with the weight ranged from 120-200 grams. The animals were grouped into two major groups, the control Group A and the test Group B. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into heparinized bottle for standard laboratory investigation of lipid profile, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehide (MDA). Plasma SOD and MDA were determined using ELISA methods, TAC was determined using FRAP Colorimetric method while lipid profile were determined using enzymatic method.
 Results: The results revealed that, alcohol induced oxidative stress group exhibited significant differences in MDA levels amongst the groups, and no significance differences in SOD and TAC levels as compared with negative control groups. There were significant differences in the Total Cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels, amongst the groups. However, these changes appear to improve with coconut water and garlic tincture treatment. Treatment with coconut water alone following 30% alcohol treatment, showed a significant decrease in MDA level, no significant increase in SOD and TAC. Similar observation was recorded for the garlic tincture treatment alone. Treatment with low dose of combined coconut water with garlic tincture following 30% alcohol treatment, shows significant decrease in MDA level, significant increase in SOD, no significant increase in TAC. Treatment with low and higher doses of combined coconut water with garlic tincture following HFD treatment showed similar results, no significant decrease in TG levels, a significant decrease in MDA, TC and LDL levels, a significant increase in TAC and HDL levels and no significant increase in SOD. However, no difference was observed at higher dose. Histological findings revealed changes in hepatocellular architecture, such as inflammatory cell aggregates, dilation of sinosidal space, fatty droplet after treatment with alcohol and high fat diet. However, upon garlic tincture and coconut water treatment, there was amelioration of these abnormalities.
 Conclusion: The mixture of coconut water and garlic tincture seem to exerted an antioxidant and antiatherogenic effect on alcohol-induced oxidative stress and HFD-induced dyslipidaemia in rats.

A Novel Galantamine-Curcumin Hybrid as a Potential Multi-Target Agent against Neurodegenerative Disorders.

The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the main drugs for symptomatic treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. A recently designed, synthesized and tested hybrid compound between the AChE inhibitor galantamine (GAL) and the antioxidant polyphenol curcumin (CU) showed high AChE inhibition in vitro. Here, we describe tests for acute and short-term toxicity in mice as well as antioxidant tests on brain homogenates measured the levels of malondialdehide (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and in vitro DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and LPO inhibition assays. Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were also performed. In the acute toxicity tests, the novel AChE inhibitor given orally in mice showed LD50 of 49 mg/kg. The short-term administration of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg did not show toxicity. In the ex vivo tests, the GAL-CU hybrid performed better than GAL and CU themselves; in a dose of 5 mg/kg, it demonstrates 25% reduction in AChE activity, as well as a 28% and 73% increase in the levels of MDA and GSH, respectively. No significant changes in blood biochemical data were observed. The antioxidant activity of 4b measured ex vivo was proven in the in vitro tests. In the ABTS assay, 4b showed radical scavenging activity 10 times higher than the positive control butylhydroxy toluol (BHT). The GAL-CU hybrid is a novel non-toxic AChE inhibitor with high antioxidant activity which makes it a prospective multitarget drug candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Influence of Oxidative Stress Markers on Coronary No-reflow After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, survival after acute STEMI has considerably improved due to increasing symptom recognition, accurate diagnosis and effective timely reperfusion. This study aimed to investigate the relation between the level of oxidative stress markers and coronary no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients & Methods: This prospective cohort study included 90 patients admitted with acute STEMI at cardiovascular medicine department Naser Institute hospital, during the period from June 2018 till 12 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the post primary PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow score into: Group I: 45 patients with no-reflow phenomenon. Group II: 45 patients with TIMI flow ≥ 2 after primary PCI. They all underwent primary PCI within 24 hours of presentation. Results: This study showed increased concentrations of Malondialdehide (MDA) in the circulation of patients with no-reflow indicating increased lipid peroxidation which could be attributed to a deficiency of antioxidant defense mechanism. In group I, pt with coronary no-reflow MDA level ranged from 2.8-4.5 nmol/mL with mean 3.9±1.5 nmol/mL, while in group II control group, MDA level ranged from 1.1 – 2.1 nmol/mL with mean 1.55±0.4 nmol/mL, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P value<0.004). Conclusions: no-reflow phenomenon after primary PCI can be predicted using the oxidative stress markers.

Suplemen Jus Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) dalam Air Minum terhadap Komposisi Kimia dan Kadar Malondialdehid Telur Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of African leaf juice supplements on the chemical properties of quail eggs. This research used 120 quails aged 8 weeks, which divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications. The experimental design used a completely randomized and the treatments were P0 : without the supplementation of African leaf juice as controls, P1: addition of 3 ml head-1 day-1 African leaf juice, and P2: addition of 6 ml head-1 day-1 African leaf juice (P2). The variables observed were moisture, ash, crude protein, ether extract, carbohydrate, malondialdehyde content (MDA), pH and water activity (Aw) in yolk and albumen. The results showed that moisture, ash, crude protein, ether extract, and carbohydrate content in egg yolks had no different effect compared to controls. Malondialdehid (MDA) content in the treatment of 3 ml head-1 day-1 and 6 ml head-1 day-1 of African leaf juice supplementation decreased 39.68% and 36.19% compared to control. Aw level in yolk and albumen significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased in 6 ml of African leaf juice supplementation, but no effect on the pH eggyolk and albumen. It was concluded that addition of 3 ml and 6 ml of African leaf juice head-1 day-1 could reduce the MDA content of egg yolk.

Study of doking molecule flavonoid Coleus amboinicus in TGF-1b receptor and lowering MDA concentration on Cisplatin-induce Wistar Rats

The aims of this study is to evaluate molecular docking of flavonoid Coleus amboinicus (CA) extracts in transforming growth factor-1b and lowering MDA concentration on cisplatin-induced in Wistar rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 3 months of age with a body weight (BW) of 150-200 g, were allocated into three groups, with six animals per group. The control group received aquadest (P0), the treatment group were treated with single doses of cisplatin (5 mg/kg bw., ip) (P1) and received 100 mg/kg bw of the CA extracts (P2) respectively for 7 days. Bloods collected for analysis of serum alkaline phospatase (AP), Blood Nitrogen Urea (BUN) and Malondialdehid (MDA) concentrations. The levels of Malondialdehid (MDA) concentrations were analysed by Avidin-Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Sandwich-ELISA. All groups were sacrified for histopathology. Coleus amboinicus extract significantly decreased the level of AP, BUN and MDA concentrations compared to the control group (p&lt;0.05). The level of MDA could be detected by its level significantly decreased in CA treatment group (p&lt;0.05). Coleus amboinicus (CA) extract has a flavonoid as a marker compound of CA extract has stronger bind to the TGF-β1receptor than its of 3WA_601 ligand in silico analyzed. In histopathological examination showed that cisplatin-induced could alter severe multifocal hemorrhage, interstitial congestion, cell inflammatory, acute glomerular and tubular injury with necrotic cells. Immunohistochemical staining labeled with TGF-1β monoclonal antibodies (Mab) showed marked expression of brownish color aggregates on the surface of tubular epithelial cells and around glomerular mesangial cells in the CA treatment group. This study was concluded that CA extract is inhibited renal tissue injuries by lowering MDA and increasing TGF-1b expression on cisplatin-induced rats. Flavonoid as marker of CA extract has stronger bind to TGF-1b receptor by in silico.

Molecular toxicity of nanoplastics involving in oxidative stress and desoxyribonucleic acid damage.

Microplastic pollution attracted extensive attention because of its global presence and adverse effects on ecosystem. However, it is insufficient to clear the effects of nanoplastics on organisms at the molecular level. Herein, a nanopolystyrene (50nm) was used to examine molecular responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) using spectroscopy (UV-vis, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence measurements) and single cell gel electrophoresis methods. Results showed that nanopolystyrene induced oxidative stress, involving in the increase of SOD activity and malondialdehide (MDA) content, and DNA damage because of the significant increase of olive tail moment, head optical density, and tail DNA percentage in the groups at exposure concentrations above 5×10-6 mol/L. The second structural and microenvironment of aromatic amino acids of SOD were changed with nanopolystyrene exposure. The fluorescence of SOD was quenched by nanopolystyrene at exposure concentration above 1×10-5 mol/L, and the quenching mode could be ascribed to the static type. The results and the combined methods are favorable to explore the molecular toxicity of other nanoplastics and the interaction mechanism.

Effect of Beer and Barley water on some biochemical parameters of Diabetic Male Rats

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of beer and barley water on body weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehide (MDA) and ceroluplasmine (CP) level of diabetic male rats. 2ml from beer and barley water were used and the animals were treatment for 14 days. the results showed a significant decrease in body weight, whereas it explained a significant increase blood glucose, cholesterol, TG, AST, ALT, MDA and CP of the diabetic male rats when compared with control group. the results showed a significant decrease in body weight, whereas it explained a significant increase blood glucose, cholesterol, TG, AST, ALT, MDA and CP of the diabetic male rats treated with alcohol when compared with diabetic male rats and control group. the results showed a significant increase in body weight whereas it explained a significant decrease blood glucose, cholesterol, TG, AST, ALT, MDA and CP of the diabetic male rats treated with barley water when compared with diabetic male rats and control group

The effect of glycemic control on salivary lipid peroxidation in type II diabetic patients

Background and objectiveHyperglycemia and some disturbance in antioxidant system lead to free radicals production and oxidative stress. Assessment of some products of oxidative stress could be effective in evaluation of diabetic control. This study aimed at evaluation of glycemic control on salivary lipid peroxidation in diabetic patients. MethodsThis case control study has been done on 44 diabetic (type II) and 44 healthy subjects. Un-stimulated saliva was collected and correlation between malondialdehid (MDA) as an end -product of lipid peroxidation and HbA1c was assessed. ResultsMDA and HbA1c of diabetic patients were significantly higher than control group. There was a indirect correlation between MDA and glycemic control level. ConclusionEvaluation of salivary MDA levels could be useful in prediction of glycemic control.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CATECHINS ISOLATE OF UNCARIA GAMBIER ROXB IN MALE RATS

The aims of this study were to determine the antioxidant activity of catechins isolates of gambir by measuring the levels of Malondialdehid (MDA) in male white rats. Methods: Catechins of gambir were isolated by using partition method with ethyl acetate solvent. Gambir quality was determined based on National Standard of Indonesia: SNI 01-3391-2000. The yield of catechins obtained from the gambir isolate was determined as (+)-catechins by comparing with standard (+)-catechins and measured by a spectrophotometer UV-VIS at wavelength 279 nm. A total of 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups. Administration of catechins was suspended in 0.5% Na CMC with dose of 5 mg/kg b.w, 10 mg/kg b.w and 20 mg/kg b.w, as positive control was used the suspension of vitamin E, 20 mg/kg b.w in Na-CMC 0.5% and as negative control was used 0.5% Na-CMC suspension. Administration of test preparations was performed per oral, 1 times per day for 7 days. On the eighth day, the rats were made become oxidative stress with swimming in water about 1 hour, until almost drowned. MDA levels of rats in each group were measured by comparing MDA levels, before were given test preparation on first day and after were given test preparations on the eighth day. The MDA level of serum rats were measured based on Wills method. Result: The statistical test of catechins isolate of gambir showed that all dosage of catechins isolate test of gambir had antioxidant effect and had significant difference to negative control (p <0.05). Doses 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w did not show significant differences with vitamin A as positive control, while Dose 20 mg/kg b.w gave the strongest antioxidant effect and had significant difference with positive control (p <0.05). Conclusion: Catechins of Gambir has stronger potential as an antioxidant than vitamin A. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.3446 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

Pimpinella alpina Molk Administration is Capable of Increasing Antioxidant and Decreasing Prooxidant Level following UVB Irradiation

Introduction: Indonesian male population has traditionally used Pimpinella alpina Molk (PaM) to prevent degenerative disease. However, the scientific evidence of PaM effect on increase in antioxidant and decrease in prooxidant level and their negative correlation remains unclear. Objective: To prove the effect of PaM on increase in antioxidant and decrease in prooxidant and their negative correlation following Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposed repeatedly. Methods: Forty male rats were assigned into 8 groups, treatment groups for 7 days: PaM 50 mg (PaM50-7), PaM 100 mg (PaM100-7), PaM 150 mg (PaM150-7), and for 15 days: PaM 100 mg (PaM100-15), PaM 150 mg (PaM150-15). The increase in antoxidant and decrease in prooxidant levels were measured by ELISA and Spectophotometer. Results: Statistical analysis indicated that antioxidant Catalase (CAT) and Super Oxyde Dismutase (SOD) activities in PaM groups were significantly higher, p < 0.001. In contrary, prooxidant levels marked by Malondialdehide (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) concentrations in PaM groups were significantly lower, p < 0.001. There was also a negative correlation between antioxidant and prooxidant levels, p < 0.001. Conclusion: PaM administration with 50-150 mg daily dosage for 7-15 days capable of increasing antioxidant and decreasing Prooxidant levels, with a negative correlation following UVB irradiation repeatedly.

Transcriptomic profiling of tall fescue in response to heat stress and improved thermotolerance by melatonin and 24-epibrassinolide

BackgroundTall fescue is a widely used cool season turfgrass and relatively sensitive to high temperature. Chemical compounds like melatonin (MT) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) have been reported to improve plant heat stress tolerance effectively.ResultsIn this study, we reported that MT and EBL pretreated tall fescue seedlings showed decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehide (MDA), but increased chlorophyll (Chl), total protein and antioxidant enzyme activities under heat stress condition, resulting in improved plant growth. Transcriptomic profiling analysis showed that 4311 and 8395 unigenes were significantly changed after 2 h and 12 h of heat treatments, respectively. Among them, genes involved in heat stress responses, DNA, RNA and protein degradation, redox, energy metabolisms, and hormone metabolism pathways were highly induced after heat stress. Genes including FaHSFA3, FaAWPM and FaCYTC2 were significantly upregulated by both MT and EBL treatments, indicating that these genes might function as the putative target genes of MT and EBL.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that heat stress caused extensively transcriptomic reprogramming of tall fescue and exogenous application of MT and EBL effectively improved thermotolerance in tall fescue.

KATEKIN DAUN TEH HIJAU (Camelia sinensis) TERHADAP MALONDIALDEHYDE DAN SUPER OXIDE DISMUTASE

Recent studies have shown that Plumbum could disrupt tissue prooxidant/antioxidant balance. The green tea leaves (Camelliasinensis) is an antioxidant scavenger of free radicals and chelator of heavy metals. This study was designed to know and investigate theefficacy of Katekin from green tea leaves malondialdehid (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes caused by oralPb administration in Wistar rats. Thirty adult male rats were divided into six (6) groups (each groups: 5 rats): K+ group (oral 33.75mg/bw Katekin), K group as a normal control, K- group (oral 15.82 mg/day lead acetate), P1 group (oral 22.5 mg/bw Katekin and 15.82mg/day lead acetate, P2 group (oral 33.75 mg/bw Katekin and 15.82 mg/day lead acetate for), and P3 group (oral 45 mg/bw/Katekinand 15.82 mg/day lead acetate) for 4 weeks. The results showed that Pb exposure induced the raised of MDA levels and decrease SODactivity in erythrocytes of rats. The administration of Katekin from green tea leaves significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SODactivity in Pb exposed erythrocytes of rats. The optimal dose of Katekin from green tea leaves as a scavenger of free radicals and chelatorof heavy metals was 22.5 mg/bw/day (P1). These results indicated that the administration of Katekin from green tea leaves may havean important role in modulating oxidative stress in Pb exposed erythrocytes, but at a higher concentration of Katekin from green tealeaves showed prooxidant activity.

Effects of dietary inclusions of red beet and betaine on the acute stress response and muscle lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout.

This study evaluates the effects of red beet (RB) and betaine on rainbow trout submitted to an acute stress challenge. A control diet was compared with four experimental diets in which red beet (14 and 28%) and betaine (0.9 and 1.63%) were incorporated in different concentrations according to a factorial design. Cortisol in plasma and fin, glucose and lactate plasma levels, and malondialdehide (MDA) in muscle were all measured before the stress challenge and 30min and 6 and 12h after the stress challenge as parameters to determine the diet effects. RB and betaine had no effect on cortisol, glucose, and MDA basal levels. However, lactate basal levels were significantly lower on fish fed with RB and betaine. Thirty minutes after the stress challenge, there was a significant increase in plasma and fin cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations, although fish fed with diets containing RB and betaine showed significantly higher plasma cortisol values. MDA values of fish fed with 14% RB and 0.9% betaine were significantly higher than MDA values from fish fed with 28% RB and 1.63% betaine. After 6 and 12h, plasma and fin cortisol and lactate levels recovered in a similar trend. Glucose plasma levels recovered in almost all groups 12h after the stress. Also, MDA values recovered basal levels after 6 and 12h. RB and betaine did not enhance the tolerance to the stress challenge compared to the control group, although the presence of these ingredients had no negative effect on any of the stress indicators.