Malignant Tumors Of Trachea Research Articles

Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality Rates from Malignant Neoplasms of Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs of Professional Genesis in Men aged 40 to 65 Years Old in the Russian Federation

Relevance. MN (malignant neoplasms) of the lungs ranked first in the world in the structure of mortality from all MN among both sexes in 2020. Despite the significant contribution to the development of MN (including MN of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (ICD-10 – C33, С34)) of production factors, their influence is underestimated.Aim. To analyze the morbidity and mortality rates from the trachea, bronchi, lungs MN in men in the age range from 40 to 65 years in 2010–2020.Materials and methods. Data on the number of tracheal, bronchial, and lung MN detected for the first time in life among men in the age range from 40 to 65 years, as well as the number of deaths, were obtained from the Cancer Registry of the P. A. Herzen medical Institutebranch of the Federal state budgetary institution «NMIC of radiology» of the Ministry of health of Russia. The method of descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study was used. A division was carried out by quartiles of standardized (world standard) indicators of the incidence of tracheal, bronchial, lung MN per 100 thousand male population in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2020. Statistical processing – MS Office Excel 2019, Statistica 10.Results. Irkutsk, Orenburg, Rostov region, Moscow,federal districts of the Russian Federation were selected for the study (based on the quartile division). Long-term analysis (10-year period) of morbidity and mortality from MN of the trachea, bronchi, lungs in men aged 40 to 65 years in the Federal District, selected subjects and the Russian Federation as a whole, showed a moderately pronounced downward trend. Despite this, the indicators remain at a high level.Conclusion. The influence of harmful production factors on the development of MN is recognized in the Russian Federation in a very small number of cases, and therefore the true incidence rate is higher than the registered one. It is necessary to significantly improve the quality of detection of occupational diseases, as well as to optimize preventive measures aimed at preventing the harmful effects of production factors on the health of workers. Further detailed study of the role of individual factors of harmful industries on the development of tracheal, bronchial and lung diseases is required.

Which ICD-9 codes were assigned for malignant mesothelioma in the mortality data in the United States before the ICD-10 was introduced?

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is rare and fatal; survival in most cases is only about one year. Mortality rate is, therefore, a good proxy measure of incidence rate. However, the specific International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code for MM was not available until the Tenth Revision ICD (ICD-10). Little is known on which Ninth Revision ICD (ICD-9) codes were assigned for MM in the ICD-9 era. We used a 1996 double-coded mortality file compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics to calculate the detection rate (DR) and confirmation rate (CR) of selected ICD-9 codes. Of 2386 decedents whose underlying cause of death was MM (ICD-10 code C45), the DR (deaths) of corresponding ICD-9 code was 57% (1365) for code 199 "malignant neoplasm without specification of site;" 19% (448) for code 162.9 "malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung, unspecified;" 13% (310) for code 163 "malignant neoplasm of pleura;" and 11% (271) for other codes. The CR (deaths) for the aforementioned three ICD-9 codes were 4.0% (1365/33,942), 0.3% (448/150,342), and 70.8% (310/438), respectively. The three ICD-9 codes (199, 162.9, and 163) were the most commonly used codes for MM and composed nine-tenths of all MM deaths in the years before the ICD-10 was introduced. Using only ICD-9 code 163, the code most often used as the surrogate measure of MM in mortality studies in the ICD-9 era, capture may have been only 13% of all MM deaths in the US, and the estimated number of MM deaths missed in 1996 would be 2086.

Long-term dynamics of population morbidity with malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchi, lung in Western Siberia (retrospective descriptive study for years 2006–2017)

The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamics of the incidence of trachea, bronchi, lung cancer in the Omsk Region over a 12year period.Materials and methods. The analysis of long-term dynamics of morbidity of the population of the Omsk Region with cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lung (RTBL) for the years 2006–2017.Results. In the structure of cancer incidence in the Omsk Region, the proportion of RTBL was 12.4 % that was higher than the national average (11.0 %; p < 0.001). In dynamics for the period of 2006–2017 morbidity of inhabitants of the region of ZNO of trachea, bronchus, lung did not change (T = 0.15 %; p < 0.001). Incidence of RTBL in the Omsk Region tended to increase in general (from 46.9 to 51.3 0/000; p < 0.001) and decrease in standardized (from 25.9 to 24.1 0/000; p < 0.001) indicators.Conclusion. 1. In the Omsk region over a 12-year period, the incidence of RTBL remained stable (long-term average 51.0 0/0000; 95 % CI: 48.4–54.1). 2. The absence of positive changes in the dynamics of morbidity of the population of RTBL in the Omsk Region requires a study of the prevalence of known factors associated with the risk of developing this pathology and the improvement of approaches to primary prevention, taking into account regional characteristics.

Retrospective EHR Study on Effectiveness of Eltrombopag in Cancer Treatment-Related Thrombocytopenia

INTRODUCTION:Cancer treatment-related thrombocytopenia is a serious problem in patients treated for cancer. Literature indicates the incidence of chemotherapy and radiation induced thrombocytopenia can be as high as 50%, based on underlying cancer type and treatment. This study describes patients treated with eltrombopag, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, for cancer treatment -related thrombocytopenia. METHODS: Patients, who initiated treatment with eltrombopag and met all inclusion criteria, were identified from the Optum EHR database between 1st Jan 2009 to 31st Mar 2018. The earliest order date for eltrombopag was considered the index date. Inclusion criteria were: 18 years of age and older; male or female; diagnosis of solid or lymphoid malignancy prior to the index date; receipt of systemic chemotherapy 4 months prior or 1 month after the index date; platelets 100,000/mm3 pre index date; no evidence of prior use of eltrombopag; no evidence of therapy with rituximab; and, active in the database for at least 4 months prior to and at least 14 days following index date. Outcomes evaluated were (1) pre-index date minimum and mean platelet values, (2) post index date maximum and mean platelet values during the index chemotherapy cycle of eltrombopag treatment and line of therapy (LOT) time periods. RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 107 patients, with mean age of 63.7 years (SD: 17.9), 59.8% male, 40.2% female, and 32.7% had commercial insurance. The mean Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) score was 4.0 (SD: 2.6). Top cancer diagnoses were malignant neoplasms of lymphoid and histiocytic tissue (14.0%), malignant neoplasm of female breast (9.4%), and malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung (5.6%). Top chemotherapy regimens used in the cohort were: decitabine (9.4%); azacitidine (8.5%); lenalidomide (6.6%); ruxolitinib (3.8%), and carboplatin plus gemcitabine, daunorubin plus cytarabine, hydroxyurea, and radiation (2.8% for each regimen). The mean index cycle duration was 2.3 months (SD: 2.4 months) and median was 1.2 months, while the mean index LOT duration was 3.3 months (SD: 2.6 months) and median was 3 months. The pre and post mean platelet values, shown in the figure, indicated an increase in the mean platelet values post treatment in the mean and maximum values from the mean and minimum pre-index values, within both the index cycle and the LOT treatment period. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this retrospective analysis of patients with cancer treatment-related thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag are consistent with eltrombopag's known profile in improving platelet counts, as evidenced for other approved indications. Further studies are needed to determine the specific patient population who will benefit most from eltrombopag in this type of secondary thrombocytopenia. Figure1: Pre and Post Index Cycle and LOT Mean Platelet Values Disclosures Pawar: Novartis: Consultancy. Velcheti:AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Foundation Medicine: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Boston Scientific: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Reddy Labs: Consultancy; Alkermes: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy. Lal:Optum: Employment. Le:Optum: Employment. Andrade:Optum: Employment. Desai:Precision Xtract: Employment. Patwardhan:Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Employment. OffLabel Disclosure: Eltrombopag for chemotherapy or radiation induced thrombocytopenia

IBS10.01 Surgerical Treatment of Tracheal Tumours

IBS10.01 Surgerical Treatment of Tracheal Tumours

Death Rates Due to Malignant Neoplasms in Cyprus

Aim: The aim of this work is to study the mortality from neoplasms and more specifically from the malignant neoplasms (cancer) in Cyprus. Methods: The methods were used in this study are case fatality rate (CFR) and mortality rate (MR) with the aim of studying the tumors in Cyprus as well as extracting a risk measure. Results: The results showed that the highest case fatality rate of death in men from malignant neoplasms is 11.6% and occurs in the brain. The corresponding rate for women is 7%. In addition, the highest cancer mortality rate occurs in malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung in men, while in women in malignant neoplasm of breast. Conclusions: This study has shown that the death rate due to malignant neoplasms in Cyprus varies depending on the type of cancer, with a higher rate to appear in trachea, bronchus and lung overall for both genders.

Black:White disparities in lung cancer mortality in the 50 largest cities in the United States

IntroductionThis paper presents race-specific lung cancer mortality rates and the corresponding rate ratios for the 50 largest U.S. cities for the 5-year intervals 1990–1994 and 2005–2009. MethodsThe 50 largest cities in the U.S. were the units of analysis. Numerator data were abstracted from national death files where the cause was malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lung (lung cancer) (ICD-9=162 and ICD-10=C33–C34). Population-based denominators were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau for 1990, 2000, and 2010. To measure the racial disparity, we calculated non-Hispanic Black:non-Hispanic White rate ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals for each 5-year period. We calculated correlation coefficients for 12 ecological variables and the RRs. ResultsAt the final time point (2005–2009), 15RRs were less than 1, but only 8 significantly so while 29RRs were greater than 1, 16 of them significantly so. Of the 45 cities included in the analysis, 21 saw an increase in the Black:White RR between the first and second time points. Measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and inequalities therein were found to be associated with the RRs. ConclusionThis analysis revealed large disparities in Black:White lung cancer mortality in the U.S. and many of its largest cities during the period 1990–2009. The data demonstrate considerable variation in the degree of disparity across cities, even among cities within the same state. These data can inform and motivate local health officials to implement targeted prevention and treatment strategies where they are needed most, ultimately contributing to a reduction in the disparity in lung cancer mortality rates.

Health impact of the exposure to fibres with fluoro-edenitic composition on the residents in Biancavilla (Sicily, Italy): mortality and hospitalization from current data.

The objective of this chapter is to study the health impact of the exposure to fibres with fluoro-edenitic composition on the residents in Biancavilla (Sicily, Italy), in terms of mortality and hospitalization. The diseases which international scientific literature indicates as associated with asbestos exposure were taken into consideration: mesothelioma of pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and tunica vaginalis testis, malignant neoplasm of larynx, malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, malignant neoplasm of ovary, pneumoconiosis; moreover, in order to describe the health profile of the study population, large groups of diseases were taken into consideration. Current data (available in the Data Bases of the Unit of Statistics of ISS) regarding mortality and hospitalization were analyzed. Standardized Mortality Ratios, Standardized Hospitalization Ratios and Age-standardized Death Rates were calculated. The demographic background of the population residing in Biancavilla was also outlined. Our findings support the etiologic role of fibres with fluoro-edenitic composition in the occurrence of the above mentioned diseases, already observed in other studies.

Erlotinib and patterns of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing.

182 Background: Erlotinib is an oral oncology drug that costs approximately $5,000 per month. Both the NCCN Guidelines (since March 2011) and ASCO (since April 2011) recommend PGx testing for tumor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer prior to erlotinib use in the first line setting. Insight into early utilization patterns of PGx testing is crucial as new reimbursement methods, care models and evidence-based clinical pathways are developed. Methods: Using integrated medical and pharmaceutical data from four Blue Cross Blue Shield plans, we retrospectively identified members who received erlotinib between 01/2011 and 06/2011 and identified the date of the first erlotinib claim (index date). A new erlotinib user was defined as having no erlotinib claims filed in the prior 180 days. Among members who received erlotinib, medical claims were queried for the presence of ICD-9 codes for malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung and for any current procedure terminology (CPT) code indicating PGx testing and other chemotherapy in the prior 24-month period and 1-month post the index date. Total paid amounts from all PGx test codes were obtained. The closest PGx testing date to the index date was used to calculate days between PGx testing and index date. Further analyses examining lines of therapy, monthly patterns of erlotinib usage and PGx testing pre- and post-guidelines recommendations, as well as a description of differences in utilized PGx CPT codes per individual patient, were performed. Results: Among 3,357,936 members insured, 125 (40 per million) received erlotinib, and 102 (81.6%) of those patients had a lung cancer diagnosis. Sixty (48%) were new erlotinib users, and 47 had a diagnosis of lung cancer. Of these, 36 (76.5%) had a PGx CPT code claim. The time between the PGx test and erlotinib start ranged from 4 days to 22 months. A total of $30,391 was spent on all PGx testing with an average of $844 per member tested. Conclusions: In a privately insured cohort of members who newly initiated erlotinib for lung cancer, 23.5% had no prior PGx testing. There is an opportunity for consensus guidelines, care management programs and a single PGx CPT code to possibly reduce variation regarding PGx testing patterns.

Avoidable mortality in Lithuania.

The study aimed to analyse avoidable mortality in Lithuania as an index of the quality of health care and to assess trends in avoidable mortality from 1970-90. All deaths of Lithuanian residents aged between 0 and 64 years between 1970 and 1990 were analysed. Twenty seven per cent of all deaths in this age group were avoidable. Avoidable deaths were grouped into preventable and treatable ones. Treatable causes of death accounted for 54%, and preventable, 46% of avoidable mortality. Time trends showed that general mortality and mortality from avoidable causes of death in this age group were almost stable between 1970 and 1990. Mortality from treatable causes of death fell, while deaths from preventable causes increased. The results in the preventable group were greatly affected by deaths from malignant neoplasms of trachea, bronchus, and lungs. Differences were noted between the sexes in total mortality as well as in avoidable mortality. Avoidable causes of death are relatively common and, consequently, they are of practical importance for public health and studies of the health care quality in Lithuania. Reorganisation of health care is to be carried out and considerable emphasis will be placed on health education, promotion, and prevention, as primary prevention measures have not been effective thus far.