Male White Mice Research Articles

PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS DAYA ANALGETIK EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL DAUN KANGKUNG PAGAR (Ipomoea carnea Jacq)

Pain is unpleasant symptom and feeling in of the organs, caused by tissue damage such as inflammatory conditions, infection, or related to muscle spasms. Previous research, is known that leaves Ipomoea carnea can inhibit prostaglandins which are pain mediators. This research aims to determine the activity of analgesic leaves Ipomoea carnea. The leaves Ipomoea carnea macerated with 96% ethanol and partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The three extracts tested on male white mice (Mus musculus) with a weight of 25-30 g. The research method used is the writhing test. The test animals were divided into 11 groups. Group 1 (Na CMC 0.5% positive control), Group 2 (Paracetamol as a comparison), Group 3-5 (Ipomoea carnea ethanol extract doses of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg/Kg BW), Groups 6-8 (ethyl acetate extract of Ipomoea carnea leaves doses of 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg/kb BW) and groups 9-11 (n-hexane extract of Ipomoea carnea leaves dose 50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg/kb BW). The pain inducer 0.5% acetic acid intraperitoneally. Observations were carried out for 1 hour every 5 minutes and the percentage of analgesic power was calculated. Ethanol extract provides effect than ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, dose of 50 mg/Kg BW 62.4%; 100 mg/Kg BW 70.42% and 200 mg/Kg BW 69.15%. The significant value of the Mann-Whitney test is 0.008 from the test sample against the positive control so it can be concluded that there is analgesic activity from the ethanol extract of Ipomoea carnea leaves.

The Analgesic Activity Study of Ethanol Extract of Plantago Major L. in Mice (Mus Musculus L.) using Writhing Test Method

Plantago major L. are known as weeds on plantations. Plantago major L. is effective to overcome pain because they contain secondary flavonoid metabolites that have the potential as pain relievers. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract on Plantago major L. plant on male white mice. The experiment, phytochemical screening of ethanol and powder extracts from Plantago major L. plant, powder of simplicia characterization examination and analgesic effect using writhing test were carried out. As a pain inducer, 0.5% acetic acid is used intraperitoneally injected the lower abdomen of the mice and the amount of stretching is calculated with an interval of 5 minutes for 1 hour. The suspension of ethanol extract of Plantago major L. was given at a dose of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg / kg BW, 2% methampyron suspension as a positive control and 0.5% CMC suspension as a negative control. Pharmacological test results based on ANOVA test found that the amount of stretching between treatment groups was significantly different (p <0.05). The results of the analgesic effectiveness percentage obtained that the EEPM (Ethanol Extract of Plantago Major L.) suspension dose 500, 1000 and 2000 mg / kg BW had the highest analgesic power at a dose of 2000 mg / kg BW of 85.84%, EEPM suspension group 1000 mg / kg BW of 74.96 % and in the EETDS suspension group 500 mg / kg BW 62.37%.

Acute toxicity of antiparasitic selamectin-based drug

The purpose of the research is to evaluate some toxicological parameters of antiparasitic selamectin-based drug.Materials and methods. The study drug is a solution for external use, 1 mL of which contains the active component selamectin (120 mg), as well as additives. The experiments used a total of 66 white outbred male rats, 42 white outbred male mice and 3 guinea pigs. The parameters of acute oral toxicity (in mice and rats), acute dermal toxicity (in rats), and dermal and mucous membrane irritation (in rats and guinea pigs) of antiparasitic selamectin-based drug were evaluated. LD50 was calculated and the irritation of the drug was evaluated using established procedures in toxicology.Results and discussion. The maximum tolerated dose of the selamectin-based drug was 2550 mg/kg in the mice and 4250 mg/kg in the rats. The absolutely lethal dose for the mice and the rats was 6800 and 8500 mg/kg, respectively. It was established that the drug belonged to hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous substances) when administered intragastrically to the animals: LD50 for the mice was 4816.7 mg/kg, and LD50 for the rats was 6091.7 mg/kg. In determining acute dermal toxicity in the rats, the drug was classified as hazard class 4 (low-hazardous substances): LD50 more than 8500 mg/kg. The drug irritant effect on the skin of the rats at doses of 4250, 6375 and 8500 mg/kg was not established. The drug had a mild effect on the mucous membrane of the eyes of the guinea pigs with its recovery to normal within 24 hours.

Acute toxicity of a combined fipronil and pyriproxyfen shampoo

The purpose of the research is to study the acute oral and dermal toxicity of a veterinary drug (fipronil, pyriproxyfen) in mice and rats.Materials and methods. The studies were performed according to the Methodical Guidelines of the State Pharmacological Committee in the vivarium of the VNIIP – FSC VIEV from February to April 2021. White outbred male mice and male rats were used as a test system to study toxicological characteristics of the study drug. The veterinary drug Insektal Shampoo is a topical solution that contains fipronil and pyriproxyfen as active ingredients. In studying the acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity of the study drug on laboratory animals, established procedures were used.Results and discussion. The median lethal dose (LD50) was 12 500 (11,532÷13,468) mg/kg when administered to the white male mice intragastrically as per Miller-Tainter method. According to the generally accepted hygiene classification, the drug was classified as hazard class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007-76. For the white male rats, LD50 was more than 20,800 mg/ kg (hazard class 4). When applied to intact rat skin, LD50 was more than 10 400 mg/kg, which corresponds to hazard class 4.

Changes in bioenergetic characteristics of the murine lymphoma cells under the action of a thiazole derivative in complex with polymeric nanoparticles

Background. Mitochondria can influence cancer cells both indirectly via reactive oxygen species mediation and directly through mitochondrial biogenesis. Energy production in mitochondria is crucial as it facilitates the synthesis of essential molecules needed for cellular biosynthesis, growth, and proliferation. The development of new anticancer drugs that target the energy metabolism of tumor cells shows promise in cancer treatment. Our study aimed to investigate how the thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1), the polymeric nanoparticles based on the polyethylene glycol (PEG-PN, Th5), and their complex with BF1 (Th6) affect respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential in murine NK/Ly tumor cells. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. The test substances were added to the cell suspension at a final concentration of 10 μM and incubated for 15 min at 37 °C. Oxygen uptake rates in NK/Ly cells were measured using a polarographic method with Clark electrode. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed using the tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester fluorescence dye. The fluorescence intensity was evaluated using the ImageJ computer program. Results. After incubating NK/Ly cells with BF1 (10 µM), Th5, or the BF1 + PEG-PN complex (Th6) for 15 min, no changes were observed in glucose-fueled basal respiration. However, the Th6 complex significantly activated FCCP-stimulated respiratory processes in NK/Ly lymphoma cells. Fluorescent microscopy data indicated that BF1 or Th5 alone did not affect mitochondrial membrane potential values. However, the Th6 complex significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting a reduction in NK/Ly cell viability. Conclusions The investigated complex of thiazole derivative BF1 with PEG-based polymeric nanoparticles may realize its cytotoxic effect by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in NK/Ly lymphoma cells.

Combination Effects of African Leaf Ethanol Extract (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) with Red Onion Peel (Allium cepa L.) as Antidiabetes in Streptozotocin-induced Mice

Type 2 diabetes arises when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of reducing blood glucose levels in white male mice through the administration of an ethanol extract of African leaves and onion peel, as well as to determine the duration of these effects. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in the mice, and the experiment was conducted over a period of 21 days. The mice were divided into seven groups: Group 1 received a placebo (CMC Na 0.5%), Group 2 received glibenclamide (0.013 mg/20 g body weight), Group 3 received a single dose of African leaf extract (4.2 mg/20 g BW), Group 4 received a single dose of onion peel extract (4 mg/20 g BW), and Groups 5, 6, and 7 received combinations of African leaf and onion peel extracts at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the combined administration of African leaf and onion peel extracts significantly reduced blood glucose levels, with decreases of 44.701%, 49.929%, and 51.996% in the 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 group, respectively. The 1:1 combination was particularly effective, showing a reduction in blood glucose levels comparable to the positive control, which achieved a 45.957% decrease. The administration of the test preparations effectively reduced blood glucose levels over 21 days, with significant reductions observed on both the 14th and 21st days.

Antipyretic activity test of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) against peptone-induced male white mice

Fever increases body temperature above normal (98.6°F/ 37°C). To treat complaints of fever, antipyretic drugs are given. Papaya leaves are believed to have antipyretic effects. The purpose of this study was to test the antipyretic activity and effective dose of ethanol extract of papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) against peptone-induced mice. The test animals were grouped into 5 groups consisting of group I (negative control) CMC Na 0.5%, group II (positive control) paracetamol drug 65 mg/KgBB mice, group III papaya leaf ethanol extract 140 mg/KgBW mice, group IV papaya leaf ethanol extract 280 mg/KgBW mice, and group V papaya leaf ethanol extract 560 mg/KgBW mice, with peptone fever inducer 10 mL/kgBW subcutaneously. The body temperature of the test animals was observed every 30 minutes for 240 minutes after peroral administration of the preparation, then obtained data on T0, Tdemam and body temperature measurements at each time. The data was then used to calculate the AUC and the average AUC calculation data was analyzed by Shapiro wilk test and One way Anova test. The results of the study of ethanol extract of papaya leaves have antipyretic effects, namely due to the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins. Papaya leaf ethanol extract has the most effective antipyretic activity, namely a dose of 560 mg/kg BW, which is comparable to the positive control of paracetamol.

Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Shampo Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium Aromaticum L) Sebagai Penumbuh Rambut Pada Tikus Putih Jantan

Clove leaves have the property of overcoming hair growth problems, where the eugenol compound contained in clove leaves is efficacious as a hair growth agent. This research was conducted to formulate a clove leaf extract shampoo preparation. The research method used was the experimental method. Tests were carried out on experimental animals, namely male white mice in various groups. The first group (without treatment), the second group (negative control), the third group (5% clove leaf extract shampoo), the fourth group (10% clove leaf ethanol extract shampoo), the fifth group (15% clove leaf ethanol extract shampoo) and groups sixth (positive control). The shampoo preparations were tested and evaluated, the results of the preparation evaluation test showed that the four shampoo preparations were homogeneous and had a pH ranging from 5.1-5.7, with a viscosity of 1700-3000 cps and a foam height of 9-11 cm. This shampoo preparation also does not irritate the skin. The results of the data analysis obtained showed that all data were normally distributed (p> 0.005) and homogeneous (p> 0.005). The results of the one way ANOVA test show that F1 (5% formula), F2 (10% formula) and F3 (15% formula) have significant differences. This research shows that clove leaf ethanol extract shampoo with a concentration of 15% is the most effective formulation in hair growth in male white rats. However, the ethanol extract of clove leaves shampoo is less effective than minoxidil 5% for hair growth.

Influence of endomorphins-1, 2 on glucose uptake by T and B lymphocytes <i>in vivo</i>

The main method of treating pain syndrome is the use of morphine and its analogues, which have a wide range of side effects. In this regard, many modern studies are aimed at finding safer analgesic compounds. Currently, among morphine analogues, much attention is paid to endogenous opioid peptides, which, along with an analgesic effect, have pronounced immunoregulatory properties. It is now known that the functional activity of immune cells is ensured by metabolism. This process supplies cells with the energy necessary for activation, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. Glucose metabolism plays a key role in ensuring the functions of immune cells. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of endomorphins-1, 2 on the characteristics of glucose uptake by T and B lymphocytes in vivo. The subjects of the study were white male mice, peptides were administered to mice intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 ìg/kg, and glucose uptake by cells was assessed using fluorescent analogues of glucose (2-NBDG). It was found that endomorphin-1 did not affect at the intensity of glucose consumption in both T and B cells. Administration of endomorphin-2, on the contrary, led to a significant increase in glucose uptake in T lymphocytes. However, the level of glucose consumption in B cells after administration of endomorphin-2 did not change significantly. In a study of two subsets of T lymphocytes, it was noted that endomorphin-2 leads to an increase in glucose uptake in both CD4+ and CD4-T cells. Administration of endomorphin-1 had no significant effect on the level of uptake of this substrate in both subsets of T lymphocytes. Proliferating B lymphocytes increased glucose consumption in the presence of LPS after administration of endomorphin-2. Both endomorphins did not have a significant effect on glucose consumption in proliferating CD4+ and CD4-T cells. Thus, endomorphin-1, unlike endomorphin-2, does not have a significant effect on glucose metabolism in T and B cells. Taking into account the role of glycolysis in the functioning of immune cells and inflammation, it can be concluded that the use of endomorphin-1 may be associated with a lower risk of immune system-related side effects.

Role of opioid receptors in phagocytosis regulation and production of Th1/Th2 cytokines under acute cold stress in non-immune mice

Endogenous opioid system plays an important role in the regulation of body functions under stress, providing stress-protective, analgesic and immunoregulatory effects. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of acute cold stress on the in vivo production of adaptive immunity cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IFNγ, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen species in non-immunized mice with induced blockage of opioid receptors. The object of the study were male white mice subjected to acute cold stress at -20 °C for 10 or 60 minutes. To block opioid receptors, naloxone hydrochloride was used, which was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg 20 min before inducing the stress. After the cold exposure, spleen and peritoneal lavage were obtained from the animals. The cytokine concentrations were determined using ELISA technique. The absorption activity of CD11+ cells of the peritoneal cavity was assessed using FITC-stained St.cohnii with a flow cytometer; the production of reactive oxygen species was assessed using the reaction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. It was found that the both cold stress regimens caused naloxone-independent inhibition of spontaneous IFNγ production. In stimulated cultures, an inhibitory effect on IFNγ secretion was registered in animals subjected to stress for only 60 min, being also independent on the opioid receptor blockade. IL-2 production decreased in stimulated cultures against the background of 60 min stress naloxone independently. Both variants of cold stress had no effect on IL-4 production. Stress for 60 min inhibited absorption activity of CD11+ cells from the peritoneal lavage and activated production of oxygen radicals, being, however, canceled by naloxone administration. Hence, acute cold stress led to naloxone-independent inhibition of Th1 cytokine production by splenocytes, naloxone-dependent inhibition of phagocytosis and activation of the microbicidal potential of peritoneal cavity cells.

HYPNOTIC-SEDATIVE ACTIVITY TEST OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) IN MALE WHITE MICE SWISS WEBSTER STRAIN

Humans who use medicines for insomnia may experience a variety of adverse effects, including dependence. Traditional medicine frequently uses lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to treat various conditions, including sleep difficulties. Terpenoids, which are secondary metabolites found in lettuce plants, are to blame for this. This study aimed to see if an ethanolic extract of lettuce leaf had any sedative-hypnotic activity in Swiss Webster strain male white mice induced by phenobarbital at a dose of 90 mg/KgBB intraperitoneally. In this study, the post-test-only control strategy was employed. The animals were divided into six groups (n = 4): negative (aqua dest), positive (Na-CMC 0.5%), comparison (diazepam 1.3 mg/KgBB), and ethanolic extract of lettuce leaf at doses of 300 mg/KgBB, 400 mg/KgBB, and 500 mg/KgBB. The parameters observed in this study were a combination of parameters from previous studies, namely the number of falls, sleep onset, and sleep duration in mice. The data obtained were then processed statistically using the one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post-hoc test follow-up analysis with the LSD (least significant difference) test. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of lettuce leaves at 300, 400, and 500 mg/KgBB had a sedative-hypnotic effect. Doses of 300 mg/KgBB only increased sleep duration. In contrast, 400 and 500 mg/KgBB increased the number of falls, rapid sleep onset, and increased sleep duration, significantly different from positive controls (p<0.05). The effective dose of ethanolic extract of lettuce leaf as a sedative-hypnotic was 400 mg/KgBB.

ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIA ACTIVITY IN THE VIVO TEST FROM A COMBINATION OF AVOCADO LEAF EXTRACT (Persea americana Mill) AND GINGER RHIZOME (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) IN MICE WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Herbal and traditional medicine are two of the main types of treatment in developing countries, including Indonesia. Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which cholesterol levels in the body exceed normal limits, impacting cardiovascular disease. Avocado leaves and temulawak rhizomes have been shown to have antihyperlipidemic effects in animals. This study aimed to determine the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of avocado leaf (Persea americana Mill) and temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) combination extract in cholesterol levels of white male mice Sprague Dawley strain. The subjects of this study consisted of 20 white male mice Sprague Dawley strain (Rattus novergicus) and were divided into five groups: F1 (standard); F2 (hypercholesterolemic group); F3 (1:1 treatment group); F4 (1:2 treatment group); and F5 (2:1 treatment group). The induction was conducted for 14 days, while the treatment was carried out for seven days. All data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The combination extract of avocado and temulawak rhizome has an anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Giving a combination extract of avocado leaf and temulawak rhizome to all treatment groups significantly reduced total cholesterol levels in mice (p = 0.028). Avocado leaves and temulawak rhizomes have potential antihyperlipidemic activity derived from flavonoids. In this study, the potency of the extract efficacy can be achieved when given in combination.

Leaf extract of Kentut (Paederia foetida L.) as a preventive measure against interleukin-6 expression in the liver of mice in a sepsis model injected with Escherichia coli

Kentut leaves (Paederia foetida L.) are a type of medicinal plant that can be used as a preventative medicine against sepsis. This plant contains secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and other active compounds. This research aims to determine the influence and effective dosage of Kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression in the livers of mice in a sepsis model injected with E. coli. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study involved 24 white male mice divided into 6 groups. Data analysis was performed using One Way ANOVA. The average values of IL-6 expression in the mouse livers for each group are as follows: KN at 7.09%±0.06; K+ at 26.36%±0.02; K- at 72.60%±0.05; PI (100mg/kgBW) at 71.04%±0.04; PII (300mg/kgBW) at 62.22%±0.02; and PIII (500mg/kgBW) at 40.92%±0.01. The research results indicate that there is an influence of kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression in the livers of mice in the sepsis model injected with E. coli, with a significance value of 0.000 or p-value 0.005. The effective dosage of kentut leaf extract as a preventive measure against IL-6 expression is the PIII dosage of 500mg/kgBW. The anti-inflammatory mechanism in sepsis is thought to be caused by the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenoid compounds. The most likely anti-inflammatory mechanism is believed to involve flavonoids inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which can trigger IL-6 production.

ОЦЕНКА ИММУНОМОДУЛИРУЮЩЕГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ СУХОГО ЭКСТРАКТА ТРАВЫ TRIFOLUM PRATENSE L.

The purpose of the study was to determine the optimal concentration of dry extract of the herb Trifolium pratense L. to reduce the immunosuppressive effect of methotrexate on the lymphoid organs of mice. Materials and methods. The immunomodulatory effect of the dry extract of the herb Trifolium pratense L. was assessed by the ability to bring the weight and cellularity of the lymphoid organs of the immune system of mice when exposed to methotrexate to the level of intact animals. Experimental studies were performed on 129 mature outbred white male mice. Immunomodulatory activity was assessed by determining the mass of the thymus and spleen, the number of thymocytes, splenocytes and myelokaryocytes. Results. A study of the immunomodulatory properties of the dry extract of the herb Trifolium pratense L. revealed that this phytosubstance in the selected dosage of 50 mg/kg did not change the weight and number of cells in the thymus and spleen of mice, including the number of bone marrow cells, while restoring the weight and cellularity of the immune system organs of mice exposed to methotrexate, which is comparable to the effect of the immunomodulator «Immunal». Conclusion. Dry extract of the herb Trifolium pratense L. at an optimal dosage of 50 mg/kg can reduce the immunosuppressive effect of methotrexate, which may be due to the high content of phenolic compounds. This herbal medicine can be considered as an immunomodulatory herbal remedy.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Mast Cell Degranulation in Male White Mice Invitro

Cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belong to the Solanaceae family which contains antioxidant compounds such as carotenoid compounds, which come from the terpenoid group, for example lycopene, besides cherry tomatoes also have flavonoid compounds. Both of these compounds have many pharmacological activities, one of which is as an anti-inflammatory. Inflammation starts from the process of mast cell degranulation, which is the process of releasing mast cell granules containing inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotriene and prostaglandins that cause type I hypersensitivity (allergies). This study aims to determine the effect of cherry tomato ethanol extract on mast cell degranulation of male white mice in vitro. The experimental animals used were male white mice that were actively sensitized after being induced with 20% ovalbumin antigen 0.2 mL/20 g BW on the first day intraperitoneally and the 7th day subcutaneously. The results of the average percentage of mast cell degranulation by cherry tomato extract at concentrations of 25 μg/ml; 50 μg/ml; 100 μg/ml and 200 μg/ml were 54.70%; 51.71%; 46.73%; 42.65% and 38.92%. This study shows that cherry tomato extract (Solanum lycopersicum L.) can inhibit mast cell degranulation in male white mice

The Effect of Carica pubescens Seeds Ethanol Extract on Lymphocyte Count and Paw Edema in Male White Swiss Webster Mice

Inflammation is a natural tissue response to infection in the body. The potential anti-inflammatory effect of secondary metabolites in carica seeds has been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate and develop the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of carica seeds (Carica pubescens) against foot edema and lymphocyte count in male white mice. Bioactive carica seeds were extracted using the maceration method with 70 % ethanol solvent. The identification of secondary metabolites was conducted using the thin-layer chromatography method. Treatments were administered to six groups: the negative control group (sick), solvent control, positive control with Diclofenac Sodium, and three doses of the ethanol extract of carica seeds (cS) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). Edema was induced using intraplantar 1 % carrageenan on the soles of mice, and lymphocyte count was determined by blood sampling from the lateral tail vein using a hematology analyzer. Carica seeds doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the positive control Diclofenac Sodium (p 0.05). Variations in CS doses influenced the lymphocyte count at the 3rd and 6th hours. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of carica seeds exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in male white mice induced by 1 % carrageenan, reducing edema thickness and affecting leukocyte count.

Pengaruh Pemberian Fraksi n-Heksan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Terhadap Kadar Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Tikus Jantan Galur Sprague dawley

Introduction: Moringa leaves are a plant that has many benefits. Moringa leaf ethanol extract contains several chemical compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, and tannins. Flavonoids function to reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Objectives: Study This aims to determine the effect of giving fraction-hexane ethanol extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) against the rate of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on male rat strain Sprague Dawley given high-fat feed. Methods: This research uses a pre-test and post-test control group design. Thirty-six male white mice Sprague Dawley were given high-fat meals and then divided into six groups: group I was the standard group; Group II, the negative control, was assigned CMC Na 1%. Group III, the positive control, was given 10 mg of simvastatin. Groups IV, V, and VI were given the n-hexane fraction of the ethanol extract of the leaves Moringa (FHDK) with successive doses of 3.722 mg/kg BW; 7.444 mg/kg BW, and 14,888 mg/kg BW, which had previously been screened for phytochemicals. Results: The results of the phytochemical screening of the n-hexane fraction showed it was positive for containing alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and beta-sitosterol. Based on level measurements of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in test animals measured before (pre-test) and after 14 days of intervention (post-test). The results showed that the n-hexane fraction of Moringa leaf ethanol extract was able to reduce LDL levels in groups IV, V, and VI respectively by as much as29,95 % ± 5,13; 75,61 % ± 8,63 and88,22 % ± 5.75. Simvastatin (group 3) amounted to 89,13 % ± 5.88. Based on statistical analysis after this LSD test showed that group VI could reduce LDL levels comparable to group III (Sig.0.792 > 0.05) Conclusion: This research concludes that the n-hexane fraction of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves can reduce LDL levels with an optimal dose of 14.888 mg/kgBB in mice, which is comparable to 10 mg simvastatin.

Uji Aktivitas Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Mencit Putih Jantan (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Oleum Ricini

Diarrhea is a condition in which a person defecates with a soft or runny consistency, it can even be water alone and the frequency is more frequent (usually three or more times) in one day. One of the beneficial plants is the Moringa oleifera Lam. Plant. Flavonoids, tannins and steroids in Moringa leaves are thought to be anti-diarrhea. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal activity of the ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves against male white mice (Mus musculus) induced by Oleum ricini. Observations were made for 3 hours. This research is an experimental study divided into 6 groups, namely the normal group, positive control (Loperamid HCl), negative control (Na CMC), and ethanol extract of moringa leaves at a dose of 200 mg / KgBB, 400 Mg / KgBB and 800 mg / KgBB. Numeric data were processed using SPSS with One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that the optimal dose was 200 mg / KgBW in the ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves as an antidiarrheal in male white mice (Mus musculus) induced by Oleum ricini.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL EKSTRAK DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus L.)

High levels of cholesterol in the blood can increase the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and type 2 diabetes. One potential plant for traditional medicine to lower cholesterol levels is Cassia alata L. Cassia alata L. is known to contain flavonoid compounds, suspected to act as cholesterol-lowering agents in the body. This study aimed to determine the anti-cholesterol activity of Cassia alata L. in reducing cholesterol levels in male white mice (Mus musculus L.). The research employed an experimental design, utilizing the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent for extraction. Male white mice aged 3-4 months, weighing 20-30 grams, were used as test subjects. The first group served as the positive control using simvastatin suspension, the second group as the negative control using 0.5% Na CMC solution, the third group received Cassia alata L. extract at a concentration of F1 (10%), F2 (20%), F3 (30%). Data analysis was performed using One Way Anova. The results of the One-way Anova test obtained F count 31.192 > F table 3.48 and sig. value of 0.000 <0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which can be concluded that there is an effect of anticholesterol activity on Cassia alata L. extract. concentration of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Then in the Post Hoc Test using LSD, K (+) showed the same results as F3 (30%) with a significant value of 0.54 so that p>0.05 which showed no significant difference in anticholesterol effectiveness between K (+) and F3 (30%). The results revealed that Cassia alata L. extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% exhibited activity in reducing cholesterol levels, which is F3 (30%) demonstrating the most significant cholesterol-lowering effect. This is attributed to the presence of flavonoid compounds in the Cassia alata L. extract.

Effect of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 metabolite mycosubtilin on body weight gain in mice

Our previous study reported that the metabolite of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 n-butanol site could reduce body weight gain in mice, showing anti-obesity effects. This study further demonstrated the effects of purified mycosubtilin on the body weight gain and gut microbiota of Kunming mice. 30 male Kunming white mice were randomly selected into three groups at four weeks of age: Control (group A), gavage-administered with saline daily; n-butanol site treated (group B), gavage-administered with n-butanol site metabolites (90 mg/kg); and mycosubtilin treated (group C), gavage-administered with mycosubtilin (6 mg/kg). Different groups’ gut microbiota compositions were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the effects of mycosubtilin and n-butanol sites were consistent; the treatment groups showed a significant reduction in body weight gain as well as triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein contents as compared to the control group (P <0.05). Moreover, the size and contents of epididymal adipocytes were also significantly reduced (P <0.05), and the gavage administration of mycosubtilin could significantly increase the expression levels of lipolysis gene adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in the mice liver. Mycosubtilin and n-butanol site treatments could significantly alter the composition of the gut microbiota as compared to the physiologic saline treatment. B. subtilis BS-Z15 metabolites may regulate weight gain primarily by mycosubtilin, according to these findings. The mycosubtilin might reduce weight gain in mice by regulating lipid metabolism, thereby reducing fat accumulation and altering the composition of gut microbiota.