Male Subjects Research Articles

Intra-Rater Reliability of Panoramic Ultrasound Imaging for Determining Quadriceps Muscle Cross-Sectional Area inMiddle-Aged and Elderly Adults.

Panoramic ultrasound (US) is an extended field-of-view (EFOV) imaging technique that enables visualization of large-scale skeletal muscles. This technique has previously been found to produce valid and reliable quantifications of muscle morphology in primarily young male subjects. The purpose was to investigate the intra-rater between-session test-retest reliability of panoramic US imaging for determining vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) cross-sectional area (mCSA) in healthy middle-aged to elderly adults. In this cross-sectional study, axial panoramic US images of the RF and VL muscles were captured in 23 healthy females and males aged 47 to 78. Assessed across two sessions 3-7 days apart, intra-rater reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,2), within-subject coefficient of variation , standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC). Mean mCSA for RF was mean ± SD, 7.5 ± 2.7 cm2 on both test days, with a numeric difference of 0.8%. Mean VL mCSA was 20.6 ± 6.6 cm2 and 20.5 ± 6.5 cm2 on test days 1 and 2, respectively. Test-retest ICC were: 0.997 (95% CI: 0.994-0.999) for RF and 0.995 (95% CI: 0.989-0.998) for VL. was 2.6% for RF and 2.4% for VL. SEM was 0.2 cm2 for RF and 0.5 cm2 for VL. MDC was 0.4 cm2 for RF and 1.3 cm2 for VL. In conclusion, panoramic EFOV US is a highly reliable imaging technique for assessing RF and VL mCSA in middle-aged and elderly adults. These findings endorse the clinical and research utility of EFOV US and its sensitivity for detecting even minor changes in skeletal muscle size.

The Effect of Lifting Straps on the Prediction of the Maximal Neuromuscular Capabilities and 1 Repetition Maximum During the Prone Bench Pull Exercise.

Miras-Moreno, S and García-Ramos, A. The effect of lifting straps on the prediction of the maximal neuromuscular capabilities and 1 repetition maximum during the prone bench pull exercise. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): e638-e644, 2024-This study examined the effects of using lifting straps in the prone bench pull exercise on (a) the magnitude of the load-velocity (L-V) relationship variables (load-axis intercept, velocity-axis intercept, and area under the L-V relationship line) and (b) the accuracy of the L-V relationship in predicting the 1 repetition maximum (1RM). In a counterbalanced sequence, 20 resistance-trained male subjects performed 2 identical experimental sessions, 1 with and 1 without lifting straps. During each session, subjects sequentially lifted 4 loads (14 kg, 85% 1RM, and 2 intermediate loads), followed by 1RM attempts. The L-V relationship was modelled using both multiple-point (4 loads) and 2-point (14 kg-85% 1RM) methods, whereas 3 types of minimal velocity thresholds (MVT) were used for 1RM prediction: (a) general MVT (averaged across the subjects velocity of the 1RM trial), (b) individual MVT (individual velocity of the 1RM trial), and (c) average optimal MVT (averaged across the subjects velocity that eliminates the differences between the actual and predicted 1RM). Irrespective of lifting straps use, which had no impact on the L-V relationship or the accuracy of 1RM prediction, we observed: (a) greater L-V relationship variables when obtained by the 2-point method compared with the multiple-point method (p < 0.001; effect size range = 0.353-0.639) and (b) the lowest absolute errors (<4.0 kg) in 1RM prediction for the 2-point method combined with the average optimal MVT (p < 0.001). These results reinforce the 2-point method applied in field conditions and the average optimal MVT for the routine testing of the L-V relationship.

Normal values and reference ranges for quantitative assessment of myocardial first-pass perfusion by spectral computed tomography. From the Cadami-Spectral study

Abstract Background Spectral computed tomography (SCT) can generate iodine concentration maps according to the tissue iodine uptake, serving as a surrogate marker of organ perfusion. Thus, assessment of the iodine distribution maps derived from SCT allows to detect deviations in normal myocardial perfusion. As of present, reference ranges for the iodine concentration in each myocardial segment of the left ventricle (LV) derived from the first-pass perfusion have not been published. Purpose To provide normal values of first pass perfusion in individuals without coronary artery disease (CAD). Additionally, we explored whether these values could vary according to gender, contrast dosing or the cardiac cycle phase assessed. Methods From October 2021 to January 2024, we retrospectively identified patients who underwent a CT Cardiac Angiography (CTCA) and had no evidence of CAD or structural heart disease. Subjects were scanned using a dual-layer SCT, following a standard local protocol which included a weight-based contrast medium dosing of 0.8 mL/Kg. Iodine density maps were reconstructed using the MCA filter at a phase of 78%. An additional sample of 18 subjects who received a dosing of contrast of 1 mL/Kg and 16 cases scanned using a systolic acquisition and reconstructed at phase of 35% were also included. Spectral reconstructions were combined with tissue segmentation to obtain the spatial distribution of iodine along the myocardium. Mean, median and standard deviations values of density of iodine (mg/ml) were quantified for each segment following the AHA-17 segment model. Results Perfusion data from 80 woman (median age: 60 [IQR: 54-65.6] years) and 47 males (median age: 47 [IQR: 43 – 54] years) were analysed. Despite receiving higher dose of contrast (67.9 vs 59.8 mL; p &amp;lt; 0.05), male subjects exhibited lower iodine density values in the myocardium compared to females (median concentration per segment 1.58 vs 2.01 mg/dL, p&amp;lt;0.001; figure 1). Notably, the volume of the LV myocardium was higher in male than in women (143 mL vs 92 mL, p&amp;lt;0.001). These differences could be partially explained in a mixed model considering the ratio contrast dose/myocardium volume (b = 1.500, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Higher contrast dosing (1 mL/Kg vs 0.8 mL/kg) correlated with higher iodine density values in the myocardium (2.03 vs 1.83 mg/dL, respectively; p = 0.023). No differences were noted when comparing reconstructions at systole vs diastole (1.86 vs 1.80 mg/dL, respectively; p = 0.484). Reference range values of each myocardial segment are listed in table 1. Conclusions Significant gender discrepancies are detected in the analysis of first-pass myocardial perfusion. These variations can be partially explained by differences in the LV myocardium volume. Our findings provide applicable reference ranges of the iodine concentration in myocardium at first pass perfusion in controls without coronary or structural heart disease.

Different dorsolateral prefrontal activation during an emotionalautobiographical memory task between male and female depressed individuals: a fNIRS study.

Depression in male and female are commonly associated with different prevalence, severity, and, in some cases, distinct syndromes or subtypes. However, only a small amount of research has been conducted to completely understand the underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms. The goal of the current study was to provide neural markers for specific depression therapies by demonstrating the differences in aberrant prefrontal activity between male and female depressed subjects during an emotional autobiographical memory test. The study included 127 young adults who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: male depression (62 participants) or female depression (65 participants). The average oxyhemoglobin levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex throughout the emotional autobiographical memory task were assessed utilizing 53-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging equipment. The oxy-Hb activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) had no significant interaction between groups and emotional valences. A significant main effect was found between male and female, with female depression groups showing lower oxy-Hb activity in lDLPFC and rDLPFC than male depression groups. Male and female depression patients showed distinct brain activation in the DLPFC during an emotional autobiographical memory test, suggesting potential specific neurological indicators for varied somatic symptoms in male and female depression patients. These distinctions should be taken into account while creating preventive measures.

Bioequivalence study of eltrombopag 75 mg film-coated tablets under fasting conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic in healthy Caucasian male subjects

This study aims to determine the bioequivalence of the reference preparation and the test preparation containing eltrombopag when both were given during the COVID-19 pandemic while fasting. Participants in the research were healthy male Caucasian subjects. One film-coated tablet of the test preparation or one film tablet of the reference preparation, equivalent to 75 mg of eltrombopag, was given to the participants in a randomized order throughout each treatment session. At pre determined blood sampling points, blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetics of eltrombopag. Eltrombopag concentrations in the samples were determined using an LC-MS/MS technique verified using ESI(−). The study results were used to calculate the rate (the maximum plasma concentration, or Cmax) and extent (area under the concentration-time curve of plasma, or AUC(0−72) and AUC(0−t) of eltrombopag absorption from the test preparation and reference preparation. The 90% confidence intervals (CI) of the ln-transformed AUC(0−72), AUC(0−t), and Cmax of eltrombopag met the bioequivalence requirements of 80.00–125.00%. Both trial preparations had a similar and very satisfactory safety profile.

Age-related changes in gait, balance, and strength parameters: A cross-sectional study.

Longevity is increasing worldwide due to improvements in healthcare and living standards. Aging is often associated with disability and multiple health concerns. To address these challenges, effective interventions are essential. This study investigated potential age-related declines in gait, balance, and strength. We also sought to assess any relationships between these three parameters and explore potential differences between women and men. Healthy individuals over 50 years of age were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Upper extremity (grip) strength and lower extremity (knee) strength of the dominant side were measured. Static balance was performed on the force plate in different situations each for 30 seconds: bilateral stance with eyes open, bilateral stance with eyes closed, as well as dominant leg and non-dominant leg unilateral stance with eyes open. Gait was measured during level walking using an optical motion capture system. Additionally, the dynamic stability margin (DSM) was calculated for the level walking trials. The study results indicated that gait parameters were not significantly affected by age (p≥0.12), while knee and grip strength, along with several balance parameters, showed a significant decline with age. All individuals were able to maintain their bipedal balance, but their center of pressure movement increased significantly by age (p≤0.028). Z-scores were calculated to compare significant age parameters. Unipedal stance time was found to be the most affected by age compared to other contributing factors (p≤0.001). The duration of unipedal balance showed the most significant change per decade (non-dominant: -0.62 SDs; dominant: -0.53 SDs), while strength measures exhibited the lowest amount of change per decade (grip strength: -0.34 SDs; knee strength: -0.26 SDs). Sex differences were observed exclusively in strength parameters, with no discernible impact on the decline in balance parameters. These findings suggest that the duration of unipedal stance can serve as a reliable and gender-independent measure of neuromuscular aging for both elderly male and female subjects.

Association between oral health and hyperuricemia in Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2019.

Hyperuricemia plays an essential role in the gout. Despite the clinical significance of hyperuricemia, a direct relationship between oral health and hyperuricemia has not been established. We aim to investigate the association between oral health and hyperuricemia. We selected 17,557 subjects from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database for the years 2016-2019. Oral health-related variables included the number of dental caries, regular tooth brushing, use of secondary oral products, and regular dental examinations. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hyperuricemia were calculated using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model. Oral health status with dental caries and oral health behaviors, including tooth brushing, secondary oral products, and regular dental examination, were significantly associated with hyperuricemia in all participants. The adjusted OR and 95% CIs for hyperuricemia comparing more than three dental caries with no dental caries were 1.28 (1.08-1.52). The adjusted OR and 95% CIs for hyperuricemia in regular tooth brushing, use of secondary oral products, and regular dental examination were 0.78 (0.67-0.91), 0.91 (0.83-1.00), and 0.86 (0.78-0.95), respectively. Notably, the association between oral health and hyperuricemia was more prominent in male subjects. In addition, when subjects were grouped by the oral health scoring system, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was lower in groups with better oral health scores. We demonstrated that oral health status and behaviors are associated with hyperuricemia, particularly in males. Further studies are necessary to confirm the association between oral health and hyperuricemia.

Deodorising Garlic Body Odour by Ingesting Natural Food Additives Containing Phenolic Compounds and Polyphenol Oxidase

Garlic consumption is a well-known cause of unpleasant breath and body odour, with volatile organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl disulfide (DADS) and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) responsible for the characteristic odour. Certain foods that are rich in polyphenols (PPs) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) are known to deodorise garlic breath. However, no study into garlic body odour has been reported owing to the very low amounts of emitted volatile organosulfur compounds. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of ingesting natural food additives rich in both PPs and PPO on the emissions of skin-derived DADS and AMS using a passive flux sampler in conjunction with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Three healthy male subjects were subjected to garlic-consumption testing, with all subjects commonly observed to exhibit remarkably higher dermal DADS- and AMS-emission fluxes after consuming 45 g of cooked garlic, which then gradually decreased toward their initial baseline levels. In comparison, remarkably lower emission fluxes of both organosulfur compounds were observed after consuming a natural food additive following garlic consumption in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal amount of ingested natural food additive required to reduce garlic body odour was found to be 1–2 g. Considering the metabolic pathway associated with garlic-derived sulfur compounds and elimination reactions involving PPs and PPO, allyl mercaptan is likely to be a key substance involved in reducing garlic body odour through the ingestion of natural food additives.

Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of clomipramine, yohimbine and clomipramine/yohimbine combination: A clinical drug-drug interaction study.

Clomipramine (CLOMI) has shown effectiveness in treating premature ejaculation but is linked to erectile dysfunction and reduced libido. Yohimbine (YOH), by contrast, is effective in treating erectile dysfunction and may improve libido. Combining CLOMI and YOH could potentially leverage the benefits of both drugs. This study aimed to investigate the interactions between these drugs and to evaluate their safety profile. A prospective, open-labelled, single-centre, pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interaction study was performed in 15 healthy male subjects. Single-dose and steady-state PK were investigated using noncompartmental analysis after mono- and combination therapy of the 2 orally applied drugs. Plasma sampling was performed at baseline, 0.5 (YOH), 1, 1.5 (YOH), 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h (CLOMI). Differences in the area under the curve after multiple dosing (MD) were determined using an equivalence boundary of 80-125%. The geometric mean ratio of the area under the curve up to 12 h for MD CLOMI (combination vs. monotherapy) was 112% (90% confidence interval: 104-120%), whereas for MD YOH this ratio was 137% (90% confidence interval: 112-168%). The study drugs were safe and well tolerated as mono- and combination therapy, with no major adverse events reported. A PK assessment of clomipramine and yohimbine indicated a clinically significant drug-drug interaction for MD YOH in combination with CLOMI. This might be explained by competitive, CLOMI-related inhibition of YOH metabolism, probably mediated by cytochrome P450 2D6. However, according to European Medicines Agency guidelines, the effect can be classified as interaction absent (<1,25 fold) or minor (>1.25-<2-fold). Given the complimentary mechanisms of action and the favourable safety profiles, the findings pave the way for future efficacy studies.

TMG Symmetry and Kinematic Analysis of the Impact of Different Plyometric Programs on Female Athletes’ Lower-Body Muscles

Asymmetries in sports are common and can lead to various issues; however, different training programs can facilitate change. This study aimed to assess the effects of opposing plyometric programs on tensiomyography lateral symmetry (TMG LS)/inter-limb asymmetry in female athletes’ lower-body muscles, alongside kinematic and body composition parameters. Twenty female subjects from basketball, volleyball, and track and field (sprinting disciplines) were divided into two experimental groups (n = 10 each). Two six-week plyometric programs (two sessions/week) were implemented: the first program (E1) focused on eccentric exercises, depth landings, while the second (E2) emphasized concentric exercises, squat jumps. TMG assessed LS in six muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius lateralis, and gastrocnemius medialis. A kinematic analysis of the countermovement jump (CMJ) and body composition was conducted using “Kinovea; Version 0.9.4” software and InBody 770, respectively. The results showed significant increases in LS percentages (E1—VL 9.9%, BF 18.0%, GM 10.6% and E2—BF 22.5%, p &lt; 0.05), and a significant large effect in E1 for VL, and in E2 for BF, p &lt; 0.01). They also showed that E1 had a significant effect on VL, and that E2 had a significant large effect on BF (p &lt; 0.01). E1 also led to increased lean muscle mass in both legs (left: 1.88%, right: 2.74%) and decreased BMIs (−0.4, p &lt; 0.05). Both programs improved LS, with E1 enhancing muscle mass and lower-body positioning in CMJ. We recommend future studies use varied jump tests, incorporate 3D kinematic analysis, include male subjects, and examine more muscles to enhance TMG LS analysis.

Impact of chronic ankle instability on gait loading strategy in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a comparative study

BackgroundLateral ankle sprains rank among the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries, while chronic ankle instability (CAI) is its most common cascade. In addition to the conflicting results of the previous studies and their methodological flaws, the specific gait loading strategy is still not well studied.PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the fluctuations in gait loading strategy in people with chronic ankle instability compared to health control.MethodsA total of 56 male subjects participated in this study and were allocated into two groups: (A) CAI group: 28 subjects with unilateral CAI (age 24.79 ± 2.64 and BMI 26.25 ± 3.50); and (B) control group: 28 subjects without a history of ankle sprains (age 24.57 ± 1.17 and BMI 26.46 ± 2.597). Stance time, weight acceptance time, and load distribution were measured to investigate gait loading strategy.ResultsThe study findings revealed that the CAI group had a significant higher load over the lateral rearfoot. However, MANOVA indicates that there was no overall significant difference in gait loading strategy between the CAI and control groups. Furthermore, in terms of stance time, time of weight acceptance phase, load over medial foot, and load over lateral foot, CAI and healthy controls seemed to walk similarly.ConclusionsThe findings revealed that individuals with CAI had the significant alteration in the lateral rearfoot loading, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism to address instability during the weight acceptance phase. This could manifest a laterally deviated center of pressure and increased frontal plane inversion during the early stance phase. However, it is acknowledged that these alterations could be both the result and the origin of CAI. The study highlights the vulnerability of CAI during the early stance phase, emphasizing the need for gait reeducation as individuals return to walking as healthcare clinicians should focus on treatment modalities aimed at reducing rearfoot inversion in individuals with CAI.

Sex differences in prelimbic cortex calcium dynamics during stress and fear learning

In recent years, research has progressively increased the importance of considering sex differences in stress and fear memory studies. Many studies have traditionally focused on male subjects, potentially overlooking critical differences with females. Emerging evidence suggests that males and females can exhibit distinct behavioral and neurophysiological responses to stress and fear conditioning. These differences may be attributable to variations in hormone levels, brain structure, and neural circuitry, particularly in regions such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we explored sex differences in prelimbic cortex (PL) calcium activity in animals submitted to immobilization stress (IMO), fear conditioning (FC), and fear extinction (FE). While no significant sex differences were found in behavioral responses, we did observe differences in several PL calcium activity parameters. To determine whether these results were related to behaviors beyond stress and fear memory, we conducted correlation studies between the movement of the animals and PL activity during IMO and freezing behavior during FC and FE. Our findings revealed a clear correlation between PL calcium activity with movement during stress exposure and freezing behavior, with no sex differences observed in these correlations. These results suggest a significant role for the PL in movement and locomotion, in addition to its involvement in fear-related processes. The inclusion of both female and male subjects is crucial for studies like this to fully understand the role of the PFC and other brain areas in stress and fear responses. Recognizing sex differences enhances our comprehension of brain function and can lead to more personalized and effective approaches in the study and treatment of stress and fear-related conditions.

The Correlation between Interleukin-6 and D-dimer in Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients

Severe and critical COVID-19 patients are known to experience hyperinflammatory conditions and endothelial damage primarily characterized by increased levels of IL-6 and D-dimer. This group of patients is also considered at risk of experiencing hemostasis disorders including decreased platelet counts, prolonged PT and APTT, as well as increased fibrinogen. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between IL-6 and D-dimer in severe and critical COVID-19 patients. The relationship between IL-6 and other hemostasis parameters such as platelet count, PT, APTT, and fibrinogen were also analyzed. A descriptive-correlative observational design was used with a retrospective cross-sectional approach. The subjects were severe and critical COVID-19 patients at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung treated between January to December 2021 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secondary data were taken from medical records and the Laboratory Information System (LIS). Correlation analysis between IL-6 and D-dimer as well as hemostasis parameters was carried out using the Spearman test. The results showed that among the total 167 subjects, the median age was 60 years. The number of male subjects was 110 (65.86%), while the most common comorbidity was hypertension (45.51%). The analysis showed a very weak and insignificant correlation between IL-6 and platelets (r= -0.044; p=0.571), IL-6 and PT (r=0.115; p=0.137), IL-6 and APTT (r=0.109; p=0.159), as well as IL-6 and fibrinogen (r= -0.087; p=0.264). However, the correlation between IL-6 and D-dimer was significant (r= 0.199; p=0.010). Interleukin-6 did not correlate with hemostasis parameters but correlated with D-dimer. This means that IL-6 and D-dimer may provide information about the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients and help monitor disease progression.

FEATURES OF THE PAPILLARY PATTERN OF THE MIDDLE AND PROXIMAL PHALANGES OF THE FINGERS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Cardiovascular diseases remain the most pressing healthcare problem in most countries of the world in the 21st century, despite the continuous improvement of diagnostic and treatment methods for cardiac patients. Today, the mortality rate for patients within a year after myocardial infarction remains quite high at 9.1%. Despite the large number of scientific papers, most of the available information sources reflect the possibility of using dermatoglyphs of the palms and distal phalanges as diagnostic markers for predicting the susceptibility to AMI and practically do not cover the possibility of using dermatoglyphs of the middle and proximal phalanges, although they also have a powerful prognostic potential. The material of our study were dermatoglyphs of the middle and proximal phalanges of the fingers obtained from 167 male subjects aged 35-69 years. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (83) included men with a history of AMI by questionnaire; Group 2 (84) included men who had never had AMI. The criteria for inclusion in the study groups were voluntary consent, absence of genetic pathology, endocrine and musculoskeletal system pathology, age over 35 and under 69 years. Exclusion criteria were refusal to participate in the study at any stage, presence of genetic pathology, endocrine and musculoskeletal system pathology, age under 35 and over 69 years. The scope and methods of the research do not contradict the basic principles of the Helsinki Declaration on Biometric Research (1974), adapted at the 41st International Assembly in Hong Kong (1989), in which a person is the subject of research. The research was conducted in compliance with the following basic principles: respect for the individual, information of the individual, and assessment of the risk of harm and benefit. Results and discussion. The dermatoglyphic parameters on the middle phalanges that determine the susceptibility to AMI in men with a high level of reliability are: Lu, Lr, Hdu, Hdr, Adu, Adsr, ApNu, ApNr, ApLr, DaN, Vu, Vr, Vm, Dhu, Fu, Fr, NdNu, Lsr, на PPh: Hdu, Adu, Adsu, Adsr, ApNr, ApNsu, Ladu, Ladr, ApLu, ApLr, DaN, DaLu, DaLr, Vu, Vr, Vm, Dhu, Dhr, Fu, Fr, Cl, NdNr, Npu, Dn, ApNpu, ApNpr, Vms, Lsu, Lsr; on the proximal phalanges are present: Ladr, Dhr, Ladu, ApNpr, Dn, Cl, ApLu, Vm, DaN, ApLr, Fr, ApNpu, Lsu, Adsr, Dhu, Hpu, ApNr, NdAdu. The result of the analysis was the construction of a model that allowed us to predict the susceptibility of men to AMI based on the use of dermatoglyphic parameters of the middle phalanges of the fingers with a probability of more than 68 % and dermatoglyphs located on the proximal phalanges with a probability of about 79 %. Conclusion. The incidence of AMI is a medical and social problem. The incidence of this disease among young working-age population is increasing every year and entails a number of negative consequences, including high mortality, disability and others. Therefore, the search for new diagnostic criteria for predicting the susceptibility to AMI, which can form the basis of screening tests, remains relevant. We have established prognostic markers (dermatoglyphs of the middle and proximal phalanges of the fingers): Vu, Vm, Hdr, Lr, Adsr, ApNu, Vr, NdNu, Hdu, Lsr, S, ApNr, Adu, Adr, Lsu, Npr, Lu, Dhu. The obtained results may play a significant role in the future as one of the factors of prevention of AMI development.

Electrophysiological Changes in Median Nerve among Young Male Cigarette Smokers

Background: Cigarette smoking has been associated with numerous cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Chronic smoking may also disrupt neuronal function and damage neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Median nerve conduction study is an important electrodiagnostic test for the detection of peripheral nerve dysfunction. Objectives: To observe the impact of cigarette smoking on the electrophysiological status of median motor and sensory nerves in apparently healthy male cigarette smokers. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2017 to June 2018 on thirty male cigarette smokers aged 25 to 40 years. For comparison, thirty age and BMI matched non-smoker healthy male subjects were selected as controls. Motor and sensory nerve conduction parameters (latency, amplitude and nerve conduction velocity) of right median nerve were evaluated by standard methods, using standard nerve conduction study and electromyography machines in the Department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. For statistical analysis, unpaired t test was performed. Results: In this study, median sensory nerve latency was significantly prolonged (p ˂ 0.001) and sensory nerve conduction velocity was significantly slower (p ˂ 0.001) in cigarette smokers. The mean amplitude was also slightly reduced in smokers, but statistically, it was insignificant. However, the distal latency of median motor nerve was slightly prolonged whereas, the amplitude and motor nerve conduction velocity were slightly reduced in cigarette smokers in comparison to those of non-smokers. But the differences were not statistically significant. In addition, 10% of cigarette smokers had subclinical impairment in median sensory nerve function. Conclusion: Chronic cigarette smoking induces significant electrophysiological changes in median sensory nerve fibers and causes sensory nerve dysfunction, while it does not markedly affect median motor nerve fibers in young individuals. KYAMC Journal Volume: 15, No: 01, April 2024: 03-07.

Role of canine vertical position and gingival zenith level on smile aesthetics and qualitative evaluation of perception by orthodontists, general dentists and laypersons: A descriptive cross-sectional study

: Our objectives were to verify the impact of alterations in the vertical position of the maxillary canines in smile aesthetic perceptions and to determine whether exposure of the gingival margins directly affects laypersons' and orthodontists' perceptions.: To evaluate the impact of vertical position and gingival zenith level of maxillary canine on smile esthetics as judged by orthodontists, general dentist and laypersons: This is a qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at studying the role of vertical position and gingival zenith level on the smile esthetic perception. A smiling photograph of a male subject with and without exposing the gingival zeniths was selected, and vertical positions and gingival zenith levels of canine were symmetrically modified in increments of 0.5 mm, creating two sets of 4 new modified images varying from 1.0 mm of intrusion to 1.0 mm of extrusion and 1.0 mm of increasing and decreasing the height with gingival exposure. The total of 15 images were evaluated by 40 orthodontists, 40 general dentists and 40 laypersons, who determined the level of attractiveness of each smile on a visual analog scale.: Both smile arc ( &amp;#60;0.05) and gingival display amount ( &amp;#60;0.001) had statistically significant influences on the perception of smile attractiveness. Smile attractiveness scores with reference to gingival display amount showed a statistically significant ( &amp;#60;0.001) difference between the rater groups. A significant ( &amp;#60;0.05) interaction between smile arc and gingival display amount was observed. No significant difference were noted with standard smiles and intrusion smiles. Also, with 0.5mm extrusion and intrusion images in low smile. The intra-evaluator groups showed no significant difference between intrusion and extrusion high as well as low smile images, (value&amp;#60;0.05 for all). significant difference was seen in extrusion and intrusion high smile at 0.5mm and low smile images at 1mm level, extrusion and intrusion low smile images at 0.5mm level, (value&amp;#62;0.05 for all), significantly higher intrusion and extrusion high smile images at 0.5mm level, (-value&amp;#60;0.05 for all). extrusion and intrusion high as well as low smile images at 1mm and 0.5mm levels, (-value&amp;#60;0.05 for all).: Orthodontists were more critical in their assessments. There were no differences in the esthetic evaluations of smiles with and without gingival margin exposure for both groups of evaluators. For all the three evaluator groups, the most attractive ones were the standard smile and smile with the intrusion of 0.5 in high smile, standard and extrusion of 0.5 mm in the low smile group 0.5 mm of increased gingival zenith level (GZL) as perceived by orthodontists and general dentists, while for laypeople it was the standard smile. The unattractive smiles have extrusion and intrusion of 1mm for all the three evaluator groups 1 mm followed of decreased GZL of canine, for orthodontists and general dentist with 1mm increased. Laypeople, orthodontists scored all the images more critically by giving lesser scores compared to the general dentists and laypeople.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Postexercise Hypotension in Young Adults: The Role of Histamine Receptors.

We tested hypothesis that aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) induced postexercise hypotension (PEH), and the reduction in blood pressure (BP) was due to peripheral vasodilation via the histamine receptors. Ten male subjects participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to walk for 10 min at 6.4 km/h, 0% grade with or without BFR after taking histamine receptor blockade. Following exercise, BP was measured at 10 min interval for 60 min. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were evaluated. Our results indicated that MAP was significantly lowered immediately after exercise at 20 min, 30 min, and 40 min before the blockade as opposed to after the blockade. A significant reduction in diastolic BP (DBP) occurred. There were no significant differences in HR, SV, CO, and TPR between before the blockade and after the blockade. MAP was substantially decreased at 20 min, 30 min, and 40 min before the blockade compared to resting (-3.2 ± 2.2, -3.3 ± 2.8, and -2.9 ± 2.5, respectively) while increasing MAP after the blockade. The current study demonstrated that low-intensity aerobic exercise with BFR lowered MAP via histamine receptor-induced peripheral vasodilation. In conclusion, BFR exercise training using short periods and low intensity would be greatly beneficial as a potential treatment to lower BP.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AORTIC DIAMETER AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES IN MEN: A CT STUDY

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death globally, with Ukraine experiencing a mortality rate of 64.3% in 2019, predominantly affecting men. Aortic aneurysms, assessed by aorta diameter, are significant among these diseases. While computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing aortic syndromes, there's a lack of comprehensive data on aortic morphometrics in Ukraine, particularly in men. This research aims to bridge this gap by analyzing CT-derived data on the ascending aorta in Ukrainian men. Aim. To enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide treatment strategies, including surgical interventions, by understanding the correlation between aortic morphology, age, and anthropometric variables in this high-risk demographic. Materials and methods. The study used DICOM images from computed tomography angiography of the aorta with contrast enhancement and ECG synchronization. Methods included anthropometric assessments, CT imaging, and statistical analysis. The study involved 62 male subjects without heart or ascending aorta pathology. Data included age, body length, and weight, which were used to calculate BMI and BSA. Diameter measurements of the aorta were taken at specific levels: the aortic ring, aortic sinus, sinotubular junction, maximum diameter of the ascending aorta, mid-section of the ascending aorta, and just before the brachiocephalic trunk departure. Statistical analyses employed the Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis, with a significance level of p&lt;0.05. Results. The study encompassed 62 male subjects without cardiovascular pathology, with an average age of 52.56±13.52 years, average body length of 1.76±0.07 m, average body weight of 84.74±14.14 kg, average BMI of 27.54± 4.74 kg/m², and BSA of 2.03±0.18 m². A moderate positive correlation between age and aortic diameter was observed, ranging from +0.35 for the average diameter of the aorta at the aortic ring level to +0.57 for the maximum diameter of the aorta (p&lt;0.05). However, no significant correlations were found between aortic diameters and body height in men (p&gt;0.05). Notably, a moderate positive correlation was observed between body weight and aortic diameter at the sinotubular junction level (r=+0.61, p&lt;0.001) and the aortic sinus level (r=+0.34, p= 0.027). Furthermore, an increase in aortic diameter at the sinotubular junction level was significantly correlated with an increase in BMI (r=+0.59, p&lt;0.001) and BSA (r=+0.57, p&lt;0.001). Additionally, body surface area demonstrated a significant positive correlation with an aortic diameter at the aortic sinus level, exhibiting a moderate positive correlation (r=+0.35, р=0.023). Men with a BMI of 25 kg/m² or higher (n=45) showed significantly larger aortic diameters at almost all levels (excluding the aortic ring diameter) compared to those with lower BMIs (р&lt;0.05). Conclusions. CT-morphometric indicators of the diameter of the aorta in men normally increase with age. Body weight is directly correlated with the diameter of the aorta at the level of the sinotubular junction and aortic sinuses. In men with excess body weight and obesity, larger values of the diameters of the aorta were established at all studied levels, except for the level of the sinotubular junction.

Anatomical mapping of the 4th intercostal nerve's lateral cutaneous branch in both sexes: implications for advanced breast Reconstruction.

This study aims to map the point of emergence of the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve in both sexes, addressing gaps in the current literature. The findings are intended to support surgeons in restoring breast function by providing precise anatomical data, regardless of the specific surgical technique employed. An anatomical study was conducted using 50 sides from 25 formalin-preserved full-body donors, with equal representation of male and female subjects. Measurements were taken to determine the fascial point of emergence of the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve relative to the anterior axillary line and the transverse line. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate the influence of variables such as sex, height, and side. Our findings indicate that the fascial point of emergence of the lateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve is consistently located within 20 to 24mm relative to the transverse line in 37 (74%) cases, and within 4 to 10mm relative to the anterior axillary line in 39 (78%) cases, regardless of sex, height, or side. The multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between these variables and the position of the point of emergence (p > 0.05). These results provide surgeons with a practical tool for nerve coaptation during breast reconstruction, showing that sex and height do not affect the anatomical localization of the point of emergence. Precise knowledge of this point can improve surgical accuracy and enhance sensory recovery, leading to better patient outcomes.

Prevalence of Vibrio Species Isolated from Water Bodies in Buguma Community in Rivers State, Nigeria

Aim: To assess the prevalence of Vibrio species isolated from water bodies and stool samples in Buguma community in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study with simple randomized sampling technique. Methodology: The study used a total of 80 samples comprising of 40 stool and 40 water samples from different water bodies where public toilets were collected in Buguma community in Rivers State, Nigeria. The Vibrio species were isolated from the samples using Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt agar (TCBS), and blood agar as a confirmatory after which biochemical tests were carried out for further identification. Data collected was analyzed with Graph pad prism version 8. The prevalence and distribution of Vibrio were presented in frequencies and percentages with all analysis done at a 95% confidence interval and P-values less than .05 were considered significant. Results: From chi-square analysis there was a 35% prevalence rate in water bodies samples in comparison to stool samples that had a 7.5% prevalence (P value = .56). A higher prevalence was also reported in the female subjects (7.6%) compared to the male subjects (7.4%). There was a statistically significant difference in consumption of shellfish which poses to be a risk factor (P value = .01). There was also a statistically significant difference in prevalence of Vibrio species in water bodies and Vibrio species isolated from human stool sample (P value = .0026). Conclusion: Higher prevalence of Vibrio species was found in water bodies compared to stool. The consumption of shellfish is potential a risk factor for Vibriosis in Buguma community in Rivers State of Nigeria.