Male Smiles Research Articles

Laypersons' Assessment of Smile Esthetics in Young Individuals in Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

When planning esthetic dental treatments, understanding smile preferences is important for dental professionals. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected smile characteristics on the attractiveness of young Saudis as assessed by Saudilaypersons and explore gender-preferred changes in smile attractiveness. This observational study assessed the dynamic smile attractiveness of 168 Saudi individuals (84 males and 84 females), selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Dynamic smiles were elicited by viewing comedic content and captured with a camera standardized for consistent positioning. Videos were edited and adjusted to images, and the frames with the most pronounced smiles were chosen. The intra-rater reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen's kappa tests (κ). The highest and lowest 25th percentiles were categorized as attractive and unattractive smiles, respectively, on the visual analog scale (VAS) by laypersons. Six smile characteristics - anterior smile line, smile arc, upper lip curvature, posterior teeth displayed, smile index, and smile symmetry - were quantitatively evaluated from these images for each participant and classified into attractive and unattractive groups based on laypersons' VAS evaluations. Continuous variables were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test, and for the categorical variables, the Chi-square test was applied. The significance was set at 5%. The four randomly selected out of the 22 raters had good VAS reliability; ICCs varied from 0.661 to 0.94, with an average of 0.737, and Cohen's kappa tests for smile characteristics showed values from 0.617 to 0.89. Good agreement was also found with the smile index, with ICCs of 0.775, and dynamic smile symmetry, with ICCs of 0.872. Laypersonsrated female smiles as more attractive compared to male smiles (P = 0.004). Low or average anterior smile lines (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.03 for females), parallel smile arcs (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.02 for females), and higher smile indexes (P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.004for females) were significantly attractive, showing no significant gender differences. Conclusions:Laypersons reliably rated the young Saudis' dynamic smiles as attractive. Of the rated smile characteristics, those with a low or average anterior smile line, parallel smile arcs, and a larger smile index were deemed more attractive. This study's findings show no significant gender differences in the impact of the studied smile characteristics on attractiveness. This study's findings can help dental professionals customize treatment plans that meet patients' expectations.

Influence of gingival display on smile attractiveness assessed by Saudi Arabian laypersons and dental professionals

This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of changes in the gingival display of the maxillary teeth on smile attractiveness assessed by Saudi Arabian dental professionals and laypeople. A total of 138 dental professional and 182 laypeople rated the attractiveness of male and female smiles in a computerized survey. A smiling photograph of a male and a female dental students were selected and digitally manipulated to create changes the amount of gingival display from 4 mm of gingival display to 4mm of gingival covered by the upper lip in 1 mm increments. Each photo was accompanied by a visual analog scale (VAS) for rating. Among dental professionals, 61% rated the female photo with a 1-mm low lip line as the most attractive smile (VAS score ± SE, 7.3 ± 3.18), while 52.7% of laypeople considered the smile with a 2-mm low lip line as the most attractive (6.7 ± 3.4). Regarding male smile photos, 61.6% of dental professionals found the 1-mm low lip line the most attractive (7.3 ± 3.18). The same rating was given by 48.3% of laypeople (6.1 ± 3.6) (p ≤ 0.009). The least attractive smile photo was the smile showing 4 mm of gingiva for male and female smiles. More than half of the laypeople believed that an attractive smile highly affects social life and communication. The Saudi Arabian population appears to be sensitive to the amount of gingival display. The difference in female smile assessment between dental professionals and laypeople highlights the importance of dentist-patient consensus regarding decisions for esthetic treatments. Esthetic treatment is of a major concern for both dentist and patient. The careful assessment of smile pillars including gingival display must be tailored to each patient.

Analysis of the esthetic preferences of Spanish laypersons and dentists regarding the different width proportions of the maxillary anterior teeth

Statement of problemMultiple esthetic width proportions have been described for maxillary anterior teeth. However, the esthetic characteristics of each have not been compared simultaneously to determine which proportion is preferred by dentists and laypersons. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the preferences of dentists and laypersons with respect to internationally recognized dental esthetic proportions. It also sought to determine whether a relationship existed among dentists' preferences as per their specialty and among laypersons as per their academic field. Material and methodsTwo smile images, one male and one female, were digitally modified to meet the golden proportion and the recurring esthetic dental (70%) and golden percentage. The 2 resulting sets of images (original images and digitally altered ones) were presented to dentists and laypersons through a Web-based survey site. The Pearson chi-squared and Fisher tests were used to assess the differences in the esthetic preferences among the groups (α=.05). ResultsA total of 363 answers were obtained from dentists and 750 from laypersons. Both groups considered recurring esthetic dental to be the most esthetic proportion and golden proportion to be the least esthetic proportion. The dentists' preferences as per their specialty followed the same trend, whereas the laypersons' preferences were more scattered according to their academic field. The recurring esthetic dental proportion was preferred in images of both sexes, golden proportion smiles were the least preferred for female smiles, and golden percentage was the least preferred for male smiles. ConclusionsThe results obtained indicated that the preferred esthetic proportion both for dentists and laypersons was the recurring esthetic dental 70%, with the dentists’ specialty or laypersons branch of knowledge not affecting choice.

Effect of the interproximal contact level on the perception of smile esthetics.

Many dental and facial components affect smile esthetics, and dental professionals' opinions regarding dental esthetics may not always coincide with the perceptions and expectations of the patients. This work is designed to determine the dimensions of the interproximal contact areas that are considered the most or least attractive according to a group of laypersons, dentists and technicians. Two photographs of female and male smiles showing a full smile were taken with a Nikon® camera and digitally altered using Adobe® Photoshop. The length of the interproximal contact areas was altered to generate 2 sets of images (3 images of the female and 3 images of the male smile in each set). A group of 40 laypersons, 40 dentists and 40 dental technicians were asked to select the most and the least attractive image in each set. An interproximal contact ratio of 50:40:30 [%] was the most attractive arrangement (40.00% and 38.33% for the female and male smiles, respectively). The 'reversed' ratio of 30:40:50 [%] was the least attractive to the participants (57.50% and 44.17% for the female and male smiles, respectively). There were differences in the rankings of the most and the least attractive smiles among the 3 groups of evaluators. The 'ideal' interproximal contact ratio of 50:40:30 [%] is perceived to be the most attractive. However, the smile esthetics perception among dental professionals is not always in agreement with the perception of laypersons.

Comparison of gingival display in smile attractiveness among restorative dentists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, periodontists, and laypeople

Statement of problemMultidisciplinary treatment needs a common goal, and dentists should understand the esthetic perception of laypeople and the other specialists involved. Such information is sparse. PurposeThe purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the influence of gingival display on perceived smile esthetics among restorative dentists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, periodontists, and laypeople. Material and methodsPhotographs of the smiles of 2 volunteers (1 female and 1 male) were manipulated on a computer to produce gingival exposure of 1, 3, and 5 mm and central incisor coverage of 3 and 5 mm. The images were evaluated by using a 100-mm visual analog scale by 155 raters divided into 5 groups (restorative dentists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, periodontists, and laypeople). ResultsThe dental specialists, mainly orthodontists and periodontists, were more sensitive about alterations in gingival display than the laypeople. For the female smile, higher mean scores were attributed to 1 mm of gingival exposure by all groups of raters. For the male smile, 3 mm of central incisor coverage received higher mean scores, except for the laypeople, who considered gingival display of 1 mm to be more attractive. For both smiles, 5 mm of gingival display was judged to be the least attractive. ConclusionsConsidering the differences in opinion between dental specialists and laypeople and the acceptable variations in gingival display, the preferences of patients should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment decision-making process.

Smile Attractiveness: Differences among the Perceptions of Dental Professionals and Laypersons.

The aim of this study was to analyze the acceptable values of female and male smile attractiveness based on different amounts of gingival display and buccal corridor widths, as judged by dental professionals and laypersons. The frontal smile photographs of a male and female model were modified to create seven different smile photographs of the same individual with different amounts of gingival display and buccal corridor widths. Overall, 249 evaluators in four groups (Group 1=orthodontists, Group 2=prosthodontists, Group 3=oral surgeons, and Group 4=laypersons) evaluated 28 images of different smiles with a visual analogue scale. Significant statistical differences were found among the evaluator's scores (p<0.05). For female smiles, the highest scores were obtained for 12% and 0% buccal corridor width. For male smiles, the highest scores were obtained for 4%, 0%, 12%, and 16% buccal corridor width for Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. The highest scores were obtained for +2 mm and -3 mm of gingival display for female smiles. The amount of gingival display, the buccal corridor width, and the knowledge in the field affects the perceptions of smile attractiveness. Thus, 3 mm of gingival display and buccal corridor width larger than 16% should be avoided for esthetic reasons during dental treatment.

Morphological Simulation of Different Incisal Embrasures: Perception of Laypersons, Orthodontic Patients, General Dentists and Orthodontists

This study aimed to evaluate how different forms of incisal embrasures influence the esthetic perception of the smile, the preferences of each group of evaluators, and the influence of gingival display. Two photographs of a broad male and female smiles were digitally manipulated to remove imperfections and asymmetries. A second manipulation was performed on the four maxillary incisors, creating 3 different forms of incisal embrasures: rounded, semi-rounded and squared. The lower region of the upper lip was shifted down to simulate a smile with and without gingival display, resulting in a total of 12 photos. A presentation in digital media was structured with instructions and the photos to be studied by 240 evaluators, who were divided into four groups: laypersons, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, general dentists and orthodontists. The statistical analysis comprised the Multiple Factor ANOVA (SPANOVA), and the Tukey's post-test was applied at a 5% significance level. The semi-rounded form was generally preferred, with a score of 70.83 for the male smile, and 77.26 for the female smile. Gingival display generated a statistically significant influence on how the embrasures were perceived, with the semi-rounded being preferred when associated with gingival display. Orthodontists were the most stringent in their evaluations. Patients and laypersons exhibited different patterns of esthetic perception. The form of the incisal embrasures associated with gingival display influenced the evaluators' esthetic perception. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups of patients and orthodontists. Incisal embrasures play an important role in smile esthetics and influence the attractiveness perception. In general, the semi-rounded embrasure form is the most preferred. Different groups' perceptions on tooth morphology reinforce the importance of patient participation in treatment planning. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:68-78, 2017).

Esthetics: patients' perceptions of dental attractiveness.

The importance of dentofacial attractiveness to the psychosocial well-being of an individual has been well established. Very little information is available regarding dental patient perceptions of a pleasing esthetic image. The purpose of this study was to identify factors distinctive to attractive smiles versus unattractive smiles, as perceived by patients. Standardized format photographs (5 x 7 in, matte finish, at f-32 and 1:2 magnification) of eight male and eight female smiles, framing only lips and teeth, were viewed by 297 subjects. The smiles exhibited differences in symmetry, tooth shade, number of teeth displayed, and height of maxillary lip line, and included both restored and unrestored teeth. Respondents ranked the photographs in order from most to least appealing appearance. Respondents viewed each series of photographs in a similar lighting and time period. A questionnaire identified the respondent's age, sex, race, education, income, and home town. Twenty-five demographic groups were established from the information in the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using stepwise discriminant analysis to determine the combination of smile characteristics that best predicted the ranking. The same female smile was chosen as the most attractive by 24 of the 25 demographic groups. This smile is characterized by natural teeth having light shade, high lip line, a large display of teeth, and radiating symmetry. Two female smiles typified by darker shade and asymmetry were rated by all groups as being least attractive. Two male smiles were judged equal as the most pleasing esthetically. Respondents favored those smiles characterized by light shade, a moderate display of teeth, moderate lip line, and a symmetrical arrangement of teeth. One male smile characterized by darker shade was rated as least attractive. In all cases, tooth shade was the most important factor, followed in sequence by unrestored natural teeth and number of teeth displayed. No correlation was found to exist between specific demographic groups and smile variables.