Male Palpal Tibia Research Articles

The Mediterranean species of genus Loxosceles Heineken amp; Lowe, 1832 (Araneae: Sicariidae): Loxosceles imazighen sp. n. from Morocco and first description of the female of L. mrazig Ribera amp; Planas, 2009 from Tunisia.

The aim of this paper is to describe a new species of the genus Loxosceles Heineken Lowe, 1832 from Morocco, Loxosceles imazighen sp. n., and to describe for the first time a female of Loxoxceles mrazig Ribera Planas, 2009 from Tunisia. Both species live in xeric and desert environments and are located in southern Atlas Range. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16S) and nuclear (H3, 28S) markers, revel that these species are closely related and that they constitute a separate evolutionary lineage of L. rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and of the set of endemic species of the Canary Islands. L. imazighen sp. n. differs from L. mrazig, the closest species morphologically and geographically, in the shapes and proportions of the male palpal tibia and the shapes and dispositions of the female seminal receptacles. In addition, L. mrazig females show morphological variability in their genitalia, mainly in the inner and outer lobes. Although that variability cannot be associated with different populations, since it also appears within individual populations, and is not related to genetic or geographic distances.

New combination and redescription of Bumba humile, description of four new species and new records from Brazil (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

The taxonomic history of Bumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 is mainly based on the inclusion of the new species. Bumba have been characterized by the type IV urticating setae present, retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, palpal bulb resting in a ventral distal excavation of palpal tibia, metatarsus I passes between the two branches of tibial apophysis when flexed, presence of spiniform setae on prolateral and retrolateral sides of maxillae and coxae I-IV. In this paper we include the row of teeth (denticulate row) in the median region of the inferior prolateral keel in all male palps. This structure range from a residual tooth to a ridge of up to five teeth. Both, the denticulate row and the retrolateral process on male palpal tibia in males could be considered as putative synapomorphies for Bumba. Here, Homoeomma humile Vellard, 1924 is transferred to Bumba and redescribed, while the female is described for the first time. Bumba cabocla (Pérez-Miles, 2000) is synonymyzed with B. horrida (Schmidt, 1994). Bumba pulcherrimaklaasi (Schmidt, 1991) is transferred to Cyclosternum Ausserer, 1871. Four new species are described and illustrated: Bumba tapajossp. nov. from state of Pará, Bumba cuiabasp. nov. and Bumba rondoniasp. nov., both from states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso, respectively, and Bumba mineirossp. nov. from Paraguay and the Brazilian states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. Diagnosis of B. horrida and B. lennoni are extended and figures of this species are presented.

A new species of Ami Pérez-Miles, 2008 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from the Amazon rainforest, Brazil

A new species of Ami Perez-Miles, 2008 is described from the state of Amazonas in Brazil based on three males from Manaus. Ami valentinae sp. nov. is closely related to A. armihuariensis and A. caxiuana by the presence of a granular area on the embolus, but it differs from the first species by the presence of two retrolateral process on the male palpal tibia and differs by the latter by the morphology of the male palpal organ. A. valentinae sp. nov. is the first species of Ami reported for the Amazonas state and second species described for Brazil.

Chinja, a new genus of spider from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania(Araneae, Zoropsidae).

The new zoropsid spider genus Chinja Polotow Griswold is diagnosed and described and the following two new species are described: C. chinja sp. nov. and C. scharffi sp. nov. The species were collected in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and appear to be endemic to this region. The genus belongs to the oval-calamistrum clade (OC Clade), which also includes Dionycha and Lycosoidea. Based on the synapomorphies and diagnostic characters of members of the OC Clade, Chinja is considered a member of Zoropsidae, although without a clear subfamily placement due to insufficient data. Males of Chinja can be distinguished from other Zoropsidae by a straight PER, by lacking a tibial crack, by having a male palpal cymbium with a retrobasal process and the male palpal tibia with an RTA and a retromedian cluster of stout setae. Females have a divided cribellum with cribellar spigots evenly arranged, and the epigynum with the median plate broad and laterally procurved into hooks, and the lateral lobes each with a wide tooth. The following set of characters can be also helpful to identify the genus: presence of a third tarsal claw, absence of claw tufts and presence of a cribellum and calamistrum.

Cladistic reanalysis and historical biogeography of the genus Lycinus Thorell, 1894 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae) with description of two new species from western Argentina.

The genus Lycinus includes ten species, one from Argentina, eight from Chile, and one from Brazil. Two new species from western Argentina are described, and some data on natural history are presented. A cladistic reanalysis with the newly described species is carried out, and a reconstruction of ancestral areas and primary Brooks Parsimony Analysis are performed. The origins of the main groups of Lycinusarealso discussed in that light. Lycinus lagigliai sp. nov. and Lycinus nevadoensis sp. nov. are described. The distribution of these species comprised western Argentina at Mendoza province. The cladistic reanalysis showed Lycinus as monophyletic supported only by the synapomorphy of dorsal spines on male palpal tibia. The tree topology was as follows: (Lycinus epipiptus, Lycinus domeyko ((Lycinus longipes, L. nevadoensis sp. nov.) (Lycinus portoseguro, L. lagigliai sp. nov.))(Lycinuscaldera (Lycinusgajardoi,Lycinuschoros))(Lycinustofo,Lycinusquilicura)).The biogeographical analysis showed a close relationship of the species from the Andean region and the South American Transition Zone. The reconstructionof ancestral areas recognized four vicariant nodes. A hitherto two unknown Lycinus species are recognized and formally described, along with a cladistic reanalysis and historical biogeographical hypotheses.

Ami armihuariensis, a new species from Peru (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

Ami armihuariensis sp. nov. from Cuzco region, Peru is described, diagnosed and figured. Males of Ami armihuariensis sp. nov. differ from all other congeners, except A. pijaos, by the presence of only one retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, from A. pijaos by the granulation in tegular area of male palpal bulb. Additionally, photographs of A. yupanquii spermatheca are for the first time presented in order to emphasize the characteristic shape of spermathecae in this genus.

Ceraticelus vesperusChamberlin & Ivie, 1939 is a Synonym ofC. fissiceps(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) (Araneae: Linyphiidae)

Examined specimens of Ceraticelus fissiceps (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) and C. vesperus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939 were indistinguishable in diagnostic characters, apart from some variation in clypeal slope. Statistical analysis shows no geographic cline between putative species, but rather greater variability of this character in the western spiders. There was also variation among specimens within each putative species in degree of development of the tooth of the apophysis of the male palpal tibia. Ceraticelus vesperus is therefore synonymized with C. fissiceps, Ceraticelus fissiceps is redescribed, and a lectotype is designated. The role of online tools that allow curators to identify and compare their holdings is noted.

The genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe (Araneae: Sicariidae) in Cuba and Hispaniola, West Indies.

The three known species of the genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe from Cuba and Hispaniola are revised and two new species, Loxosceles maisi sp. nov. and Loxosceles mogote sp. nov., are described from the eastern region of Cuba. These new species are included in the reclusa group, and are considered close to Loxosceles taino Gertsch & Ennik as they have a greatly thickened male palpal tibia, a projecting cymbium, and large receptacles in the female genitalia. The distribution ranges of the known Cuban and Hispaniolan species are extended.

Loxosceles niedeguidonae (Araneae, Sicariidae) a new species of brown spider from Brazilian semi-arid region

A new species of recluse spider, Loxosceles niedeguidonae sp. n., is described from the Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, State of Piauí, Brazil. This is the first endemic species described from Brazilian semi-arid environment. The species is included in gaucho group of Gertsch (1967) due to its spermathecal shape and is considered close to Loxosceles chapadensis Bertani, Fukushima & Nagahama, 2010 by the unusual long male palpal tibia, a character not common for species of this group. An updated key for Loxosceles species of gaucho group is presented.

Taxonomy of the Leiobunum calcar species-group (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae)

Abstract The Leiobunum calcar species-group is erected to accommodate four species of North American harvestmen, namely, L. nigropalpi (Wood 1868), L. euserratipalpe new species, L. calcar (Wood 1868) and L. hoffmani new species. The group is characterized by several sexually dimorphic characters, including an elongate penis lacking subterminal sacs, base of male palpal tibia projecting ventrally and denticulate, and unique female sterno-opercular mechanism that appears to act as a pregenital barricade. The four species are distinguished by penial and palpal features in the male and by details of the sterno-opercular mechanism in females. The history of confusion between L. serratipalpe Roewer 1910 and L. calcar is reviewed, and the new species L. euserratipalpe is proposed to accommodate the concept of L. serratipalpe developed by North American systematists as well as the synonymy of L. serratipalpe Roewer with L. calcar. All species are diagnosed, described and illustrated, and a key to species is prov...

Loxosceles chapadensis (Araneae: Sicariidae): a new recluse spider species of the gaucho group from Brazil

Abstract A new species of the medically important recluse spider genus Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe 1832 is described from the State of Bahia, Brazil. The species occurs between rocks and crevices, as well as in and around man-made structures. The new species belongs to the gaucho group, as evidenced by the spermathecal shape and color pattern. The presence of a long male palpal tibia is unusual in the gaucho group; thus, the inclusion of the new species in this group is discussed.

A revision of Japanese spiders of the genus Dolomedes (Araneae: Pisauridae) with its phylogeny based on mt-DNA

Japanese spiders of the genus Dolomedes are revised and its phylogeny is inferred by mt-DNA. Dolomedes japonicus Bosenberg & Strand 1906 and D. angustivirgatus Kishida 1936 are removed from the synonymy. Dolomedes fimbriatoides Bosenberg & Strand 1906 and D. hinoi Kayashima 1952 are newly synonymized with D. sulfureus L. Koch 1878, and D. stellatus Kishida 1936 is synonimized with D. japonicus. Two new species, D. fontus and D. silvicola are described. Relative leg length and proportion of male palpal tibia are considered as good keys to indentify Dolomedes spiders, whose genital organs closely resemble one another. Dolomedes sulfureus and D. silvicola, often found on vegetation, have much longer legs and male palpal tibia than their relatives that inhabit near water and run on water surface or hide under water when disturbed. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using mt-COI revealed the following; ((((raptor, yawatai), japonica), orion), (((angustivirgatus, sulfureus), fontus), (silvicola, saganus)), horishanus).

Two new species of spiders of the family Zodariidae (Araneae) from eastern Nepal

Two new species of Zodariidae of the genus Suffasia Jocqué, 1991, obtained from the easternmost part of Nepal are described under the names, Suffasia martensi sp. nov., and S. kanchenjunga sp. nov. Both new species can be distinguished from each other and from all the known species of the genus, Suffasia tigrina (Simon, 1893) from India, S. tumegaster Jocqué, 1992 from Nepal, S. attiduya Benjamin & Jocqué, 2000 and S. mahasumana Benjamin & Jocqué, 2000 from Sri Lanka by the peculiar shape of male palpal tibia. In both species, the tibia is very thick, and it has a dorsal spine in S. kanchenjunga. The females of both species have an epigynum with a long scape, which is slightly widened in front in S. kanchenjunga.

Discovery of the spider family Desidae (Araneae) in South China, with description of a new species of the genus Badumna Thorell, 1890

A new species of the genus Badumna Thorell, 1890, from Yunnan Province, China is described under the name of B. tangae sp. nov. This is the first Desidae spider discovered and described from China. The new species is similar to B. insignis (L. Koch, 1872) occurring in Japan, Australia and New Zealand. But it differs from the latter by ALE largest; female with epigynal transverse ridge wide and triangular, copulatory ducts with three coils; male palpal tibia with a small, apicomedially placed, retrolateral ventral apophysis.

Notes on the genus Iracema Pérez-Miles, 2000 with the first description of the male of I. horrida (Schmidt, 1994) (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

The formerly unknown male of Paraphysa horrida is described and the species transferred to the genus Iracema. This genus is rediagnosed and can be recognized by having the combination of the following characters: type IV of urticating hairs, bulb resting in a ventral distal excavation of the male palpal tibia, male metatarsus I touching both branches of tibial spur when flexed, labium with less than 20 labial cuspules, and presence of many spiniform setae on the prolateral and retrolateral sides of maxillae and coxae I-IV.

A review of the spider family Filistatidae in Argentina (Arachnida, Araneae), with a cladistic reanalysis of filistatid genera

AbstractThe spider family Filistatidae is represented in Argentina by at least twelve species. The synanthropic and apparently introduced Kukulcania hibernalis (Hentz) is the only representative of the Filistatinae. The remaining species all belong to Prithinae. Two new prithine genera are described: Lihuelistata is erected for Filistata metamerica Mello-Leitão, and Misionella is erected for Filistata mendensis Mello-Leitão. Pikelinia Mello-Leitão is represented by P. tambilloi (Mello-Leitão), P. patagonica (Mello-Leitão), newly transferred from Malalistata, and seven new species: P. colloncura, P. mahuell, P. roigi, P. kolla, P. ticucho, P. toba and P. puna. The genus Malalistata Mello-Leitão is newly synonymized with Pikelinia. Filistata fasciata Banks, is transferred to Pikelinia. A cladistic analysis of filistatid genera is made, based on a data matrix of 13 terminals scored for 29 characters. Pikelinia, Lihuelistata and Misionella form a monophyletic group united by the partial fusion of cymbium and tegulum and the incrassate male palpal tibia. The resulting cladogram conflicts with a previous hypothesis of relationships only on the placement of Filistatinella. The morphology of posterior respiratory system of filistatids is examined, and its connections with abdominal muscles elucidated. On that base, it is demonstrated that the remnants of posterior respiratory system of prithines are homologous of entapophyses (muscular apodemes) instead of book-lungs.