Male Nude Research Articles

Abstract TP295: Temporal Characterization of Immune Responses in the Rat Brain Following Ischemic Stroke Using In-Depth Flow Cytometry Panels

Introduction: Rat models are widely used in stroke research as they are well suited for behavior studies and brain imaging techniques. However, methods for studying immune responses and identifying distinct leukocyte subsets in rats lag behind mice in part due to lack of specific antibodies for flow cytometry. Several flow cytometry antibody panels have been used to study the immune response of the rat brain after stroke, but they did not distinguish between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages, which is critical for stroke-induced neuroinflammation research. Here, we developed flow cytometry panels to measure myeloid and lymphoid leukocyte subsets in rat brain, blood, and spleen, with an emphasis on macrophage subtypes, and validated them in an ischemic stroke model. Method: Adult male (8-12 wk old) Nude and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to distal MCAO. Ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres, blood, and spleen were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry at different time points post-stroke. Cell populations were sorted using FACS and characterized using qPCR or morphological analysis to confirm our FACS gating strategy. Results: We discriminated microglia, 3 monocyte/macrophage subsets, granulocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, B cells, and T cells in the brain and periphery. The temporal profile of leukocyte subsets after stroke resembled those observed in mice, validating the reliability of our antibody panels: granulocytes and monocytes peaked in the first 2-3 days post-stroke, B and T cells peaked around 4-5 days, followed by a gradual increase of ‘microglia’ over 14 days. Using a combination of CD43 and His48 to differentiate monocyte/macrophage subpopulations, we observed a shift in these subsets over time, akin to the shift from pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophages reported in stroke-injured mouse brains. Notably, Nude rats differed from the SD rats in terms of His48 expression; SD rat brain monocyte/macrophage population was predominantly His48lo, while Nude rats had both His48lo and His48hi subsets. Conclusion: Our flow cytometry panels for rats distinguished leukocyte subsets, including monocyte/macrophage subpopulations, providing a valuable tool to study the complex immune responses in rat models of neurological disorders.

Vasculogenic Mesodermal Cells Derived From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Improve Limb Perfusion and Decrease Necrosis in Murine Models of Hindlimb Ischemia

Critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a national health care priority as there has been a 50% increase in amputations from 2010 to 2018. Unlike other cell products that simply secrete proangiogenic growth factors, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesodermal cells have the capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and form functioning blood vessels in vivo. Here we discuss the effects of intramuscular injection of human iPSC mesodermal cells (VSC100) on limb perfusion and limb necrosis. iPSCs were produced using methods including Yamanaka factors (Broxmeyer et al [21393480]). The iPSC cells were differentiated using sequential Activin A, BMP4, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor 2 to promote mesodermal and endothelial cell differentiation. Murine CLTI models were created via excision of the common femoral artery in male BALB-C Nude mice, aged 6 to 8 weeks. After creation of the CLTI model mice were randomized to 1 × 106 VSC100 cells labeled with td-tomato (red fluorescence) or vehicle control injected into the gastrocnemius and gracilis muscles (n = 10/group) at 7 to 14 days postinduction of ischemia. Limb perfusion was measured with laser speckle contrast imaging up to day 64, qualitative analysis of VSC100 differentiation into capillaries was assessed with immunohistochemical staining for isolectin B4 and human CD31 and confocal microscopy to detect td-tomato. Degree of tissue loss of the index limb was quantified with established necrosis scores. VSC100-treated BALB-C nude mice showed a significant increase in limb perfusion as compared to vehicle controls with average percent blood flow/contralateral limb ratios of 45% in treated groups compared to 25% in control (P < .001) at day 64 (Fig 1). Limb necrosis scores showed similar results, in that necrosis was statistically significantly reduced in iPSC-treated vs vehicle control treated groups (Fig 2). Immunohistochemical analysis showed qualitative significant deposition of cells of interest in our CLTI models. iPSC-derived VSC100 is a novel approach to treating CTLI as the cells are capable of forming functioning blood vessels in ischemia skeletal muscle, improve tissue perfusion, and mitigate tissue necrosis. These early results and data support further translational work to support development of an investigational new drug for future clinical trial studies.Fig 2Clinical scoring ratio of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in control vs treated groups. Mouse population same as in Fig 1 (n = 10/group).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Abstract 547: Vasculogenic Mesodermal Cells Derived From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Improve Limb Perfusion And Decrease Necrosis in Murine Models of Hindlimb Ischemia

Objectives: Critical Limb Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) is a health care priority with a 50% increase in amputations from 2010 to 2018. Unlike other cell products that simply secrete pro-angiogenic growth factors Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived mesodermal cells can differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells and form functioning blood vessels in vivo . We discuss the effects of intramuscular injection of human iPSC mesodermal cells (VSC100) on limb perfusion and limb necrosis. Methods: IPSCs were produced using methods including Yamanaka factors (Broxmeyer H. et al [21393480}). iPSC cells were differentiated using sequential Activin A, BMP4, VEGF, and FGF2 to promote mesodermal and endothelial cell (EC) differentiation. Murine CLTI models were created via excision of the common femoral artery in male BALB-C Nude mice, aged 6-8 weeks. After creation of the CLTI model mice were randomized to 1x10 6 VSC100 cells labeled with td-tomato (red fluorescence) or vehicle control injected into the gastrocnemius and gracilis muscles (N=10/group) at 7-14 days postinduction of ischemia. Limb perfusion was measured with Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) up to Day 64, qualitative analysis of VSC100 differentiation into capillaries was assessed with immunohistochemical staining for Isolectin B4 and human CD31 and confocal microscopy to detect td-tomato. Degree of tissue loss of the index limb was quantified with established necrosis scores. Results: VSC100 treated mice showed a significant increase in limb perfusion compared to controls, average percent blood flow/contralateral limb ratios of 45% in treated groups compared to 25% in control (p &lt; 0.001) at day 64 (Figure 1). Limb necrosis scores showed necrosis was statistically significantly reduced in iPSC treated versus vehicle control treated groups (Figure 2). Immunohistochemical analysis showed qualitative significant deposition of cells of interest in our CLTI models. Conclusions: iPSC derived VSC100 is a novel approach to treating CTLI as the cells can form functioning blood vessels in ischemic skeletal muscle, improve tissue perfusion, and mitigate tissue necrosis. These early results are being used for FDA applications for clinical trials utilizing iPSCs in CLTI patients.

Serum amyloid A3 deficiency impairs in vitro and in vivo adipocyte differentiation

ABSTRACT Obesity, caused by an excess adipose tissue, is one of the biggest health-threats of the 21st century. Adipose tissue expansion occurs through two processes: (i) hypertrophy, and (ii) hyperplasia, the formation of new adipocytes, also termed adipogenesis. Recently, serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) has been implicated in adipogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saa3 on adipogenesis using both an in vitro and in vivo murine model. Saa3 gene silenced pre-adipocytes ha a lower expression of pro-adipogenic markers and less lipid accumulation, indicating impaired adipogenesis. Furthermore, male NUDE mice, injected with Saa3 gene silenced pre-adipocytes developed smaller fat pads with smaller adipocytes and lower expression of pro-adipogenic markers than their control counterparts. This confirms that Saa3 gene silencing indeed impairs adipogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate a clear role for Saa3 in adipogenesis and open new perspectives in the battle against obesity.

Increasing Cases of Online Non-consensual Posting of Adult male Nude Pictures and Videos in Zambia: Views from rural and urban dwellers

Increasing Cases of Online Non-consensual Posting of Adult male Nude Pictures and Videos in Zambia: Views from rural and urban dwellers

Comparison of cryosurvival and spermatogenesis efficiency of cryopreserved neonatal mouse testicular tissue between three vitrification protocols and controlled-rate freezing

Grafting of cryopreserved testicular tissue is a promising tool for fertility and testicular function preservation in endangered species, mutant animals, or cancer patients for future use. In this study, we aimed to improve the whole neonatal mouse testicular tissue cryopreservation protocols by comparing cryosurvival, spermatogenesis, and androgen production of grafted testicular tissue after cryopreservation with three different vitrification protocols and an automated computed controlled-rate freezing. Whole neonatal mouse testes were vitrified with various vitrification solutions (V1) 40% EG + 18% Ficoll + 0.35 M Sucrose, (V2) DAP 213 (2 M DMSO + 1 M Acetamid + 3 M PG), or (V3) 15% EG + 15% PG + 0.5 M Sucrose (total solute concentration V1:74.34%, V2:44.0%, and V3:49.22% wt/vol). Alternatively, neonatal testicular tissue was also frozen in 0.7 M DMSO +5% fetal bovine serum using controlled-rate freezing and compared to fresh grafted testicular tissue, sham grafted controls, and the vitrification protocol groups. Fresh (n = 4) and frozen-thawed (n = 4) testes tissues were grafted onto the flank of castrated male NCr Nude recipient mouse. The grafts were harvested after three months. Fresh or frozen-thawed grafts with controlled-rate freezing had the highest rate of tissue survival compared to other vitrified protocols after harvesting (p < 0.05). Both controlled-rate freezing and V1 protocol groups displayed the most advanced stages of spermatogenesis with elongated spermatids and spermatozoa in 17.6 ± 1.3% and 16.3 ± 1.9% of seminiferous tubules based on histopathological evaluation, respectively. Hosts of the testicular graft from controlled-rate freezing had higher levels of serum testosterone compared to all other vitrified-thawed graft groups (p < 0.05). This study shows that completed spermatogenesis from whole neonatal mouse testes were obtained when frozen with controlled-rate freezing and V1 vitrification solution and that testicular cryopreservation efficacy vary with the protocol and vitrification technique.

Bodies on the Threshold: The Significance of Fabrics in John Singer Sargent’s Male Nudes, 1890–1915

John Singer Sargent’s studies of the male nude remain one of the least explored aspects of the artist’s production. Taking into account his passion for textiles, which he collected and used repeatedly in his work, this article analyses a group of charcoal drawings, watercolours, lithographs and oil paintings of semi-draped male models from the period between 1890 and 1915, some of which have never received scholarly attention. Examining them as an independent project unified by the presence of fabrics – rather than as preparatory works or isolated formal exercises – exposes the ambiguities of Sargent’s approach to the male form, which cannot be limited to clean-cut categories such as ‘academic’ or ‘homoerotic’. A closer exploration of the treatment of the relationship between body and cloth reveals the significance of the use of textiles as a means of expanding the possibilities of interpretation of these works. This might have enabled a queer reading of them within the realm of the artist’s home and studio.

Evaluation of Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement in Adult Male NMRI Nude Mice.

Temperature monitoring during critical care provides important data required to guide treatment delivery. Body temperature is an easily quantified clinical parameter that can yield much information concerning the health of an animal. In research settings, temperature has been adopted as a means to judge humane endpoints. Therefore, reliable, noninvasive, and inexpensive methods for temperature monitoring are becoming a necessity in research laboratories. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and agreement of using an infrared camera as an alternative method of temperature measurement in mice and to compare the accuracy of this noninvasive method with established subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and rectal techniques. Measurement of body-surface temperature by using an infrared camera was compared with these 3 established methods in male NMRI nude mice (n = 10; age, 10 mo); data were obtained 3 times daily over 14 d. Subcutaneous temperatures were measured remotely by using a previously implanted subcutaneous temperature transponder, after which temperature was measured by using noncontact infrared thermometry and a rectal probe. Measurements from intraperitoneal data loggers were obtained retrospectively. The data show that using an infrared camera provides a simple, reliable method for measuring body temperature in male NMRI nu/nu mice that minimizes handling and is minimally invasive. Whether infrared thermometry is a useful method for measuring body temperature in furred mice warrants further investigation.

Vulnerable but Aloof Versus Naughty and Nice: Contrasting the Presentation of Male and Female Nude Models in Viva and Playboy

The current research examined contested meanings of nudity by comparing images of nude men and women that appeared in Viva, a 1970s women's magazine founded with the intention of foregrounding male nudity, to corresponding issues of Playboy. A major difference was obtained between male models and Playboy Playmates regarding direction of gaze and nudity. Although gaze aversion is often interpreted as a sign of submission and direct gaze is seen as a dominance cue, men in Viva displayed a high level of gaze aversion and women in Playboy often gazed directly at the camera, especially when their pubic area was exposed. Additional content analysis examined the personality characteristics attributed to male models in Viva and Playmates in Playboy in their biographical sketches. In Viva, men were presented as possessing “bad boy” traits that may have been intended to compensate for the loss of power associated with male nudity. Playmates could be viewed as being naughty (by virtue of posing nude) and nice in the characterization of their personalities.

Enhancement of blood porphyrin emission intensity with aminolevulinic acid administration: A new concept for photodynamic diagnosis of early prostate cancer

The objective of this paper was to verify if the oral administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in animals with prostate tumor can increase the sensitivity of cancer diagnosis by protoporphyrin IX blood autofluorescence. In this study, the autofluorescence of blood porphyrin was analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy on healthy male NUDE mice and in those with prostate cancer induced by the inoculation of DU145 cells. A total of 18 male NUDE mice, ∼8 weeks old on arrival were divided into 3 groups: Control, Tumor and ALA Tumor. The autofluorescence of blood porphyrin of the groups was analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopy at different days after tumor induction, to monitor the tumor progression. Emission spectra were obtained by exciting the samples at 405 nm. The animals inoculated had their blood collected with and without oral ALA solution administration to compare PPIX endogenous (Tumor group) and exogenous (ALA Tumor group) signal intensity and to establish a method to diagnosis early prostate cancer. Significant differences were observed in autofluorescence intensities measured in the 575-725 nm spectral regions for the studied groups. The results showed an enhancement of almost 100% in blood PPIX fluorescence, using the oral administration of δ-aminolevulinic acid on male NUDE mice with prostate cancer, making fluorescence measurements more accurate and sensitive since the first week after tumor induction.

Intrinsic Fluorescence of Protoporphyrin IX from Blood Samples Can Yield Information on the Growth of Prostate Tumours

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men, and unfortunately many prostate tumours remain asymptomatic until they reach advanced stages. Diagnosis is typically performed through Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) quantification, Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and Transrectal Ultrasonography (TU). The antigen (PSA) is secreted by all prostatic epithelial cells and not exclusively by cancerous ones, so its concentration also increases in the presence of other prostatic diseases. DRE and TU are not reliable for early detection, when histological analysis of prostate tissue obtained from a biopsy is necessary. In this context, fluorescence techniques are very important for the diagnosis of cancer. In this paper we explore the potential of using endogenous phorphyrin blood fluorescence as tumour marker for prostate cancer. Substances such as porphyrin derivatives accumulate substantially more in tumours than in normal tissues; thus, measuring blood porphyrin concentration by autofluorescence intensity may provide a good parameter for determining tumour stage. In this study, the autofluorescence of blood porphyrin was analyzed using fluorescence and excitation spectroscopy on healthy male NUDE mice and in those with prostate cancer induced by inoculation of DU145 cells. A significant contrast between the blood of normal and cancer subjects could be established. Blood porphyrin fluorophore showed an enhancement on the fluorescence band around 632nm following tumour growth. Fluorescence detection has advantages over other light-based investigation methods: high sensitivity, high speed and safety. However it does carry the drawback of low specificity of detection. The extraction of blood porphyrin using acetone can solve this problem, since optical excitation of further molecular species can be excluded, and light scattering from blood samples is negligible.

The Open Drawer: Archives for Archives' Sake: Social Nudism, Masculinity, and the Male Nude in the Work of William Theo Brown and Wynn Chamberlain in the 1960s

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Open Drawer: Archives for Archives' Sake: Social Nudism, Masculinity, and the Male Nude in the Work of William Theo Brown and Wynn Chamberlain in the 1960sLucy R. Lippard and DAVID MCCARTHYLucy R. Lippard Search for more articles by this author and DAVID MCCARTHY Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Archives of American Art Journal Volume 49, Number 1/2SPRING 2010 Sponsored by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/aaa.49.1_2.23025798 Views: 3Total views on this site © 2010 Smithsonian InstitutionPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Sexing up the secondary art curriculum: a strategy for discussing Robert Mapplethorpe's photographs of S&amp;M and the black male nude in art classrooms

Representations of the body present valuable resources for questioning how historical, political and social conditions function to shape attitudes and identities. Viewed within a framework of discourses about power, domination, pleasure and subordination, the explicit representation of bodies and acts does not have to be delimited as pornographic exposure. In this article I suggest a strategy for viewing Robert Mapplethorpe's photographs which demonstrate their potential as a resource for engaging students with discourses of sexuality and race as a part of the secondary art curriculum. I focus my discussion on two particular photographs: Joe (1978) from Mapplethorpe's sadomasochism series and Ajitto (1981) from his series of black male nudes. I demonstrate that these, sometimes problematic, artworks can offer students a point of intervention into contemporary cultural debates about sexuality, race and subjecthood.

Effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 on adipogenesis in vivo

To study the functional role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in obesity, the effect of its overexpression on de novo adipogenesis was evaluated in murine models in vivo. Therefore, 3T3-F442A preadipocytes expressing murine PAI-1 (mPAI-1) or control cells were injected in the back of male NUDE mice, which were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for four weeks. De novo fat pads that formed from the PAI-1 expressing cells were larger (21 +/- 2.4 mg vs. 14 +/- 1.4 mg; p = 0.017) and showed a higher adipocyte density (373 +/- 28 mm(-2) vs. 301 +/- 12 mm(-2); p = 0.03) as compared to those formed from control cells. In a second model, male NUDE mice were injected in the tail vein with an adenoviral construct expressing mPAI-1 or with the empty vector, and three days later with 3T3-F442A cells. After four weeks of HFD, total body weight and de novo fat pad weight were comparable for both groups. Mild adipocyte hypotrophy was observed in the de novo fat pads of the PAI-1 overexpressing mice (1180 +/- 33 microm(2) vs. 1285 +/- 32 microm(2); p = 0.024), whereas the blood vessel size was significantly smaller than in controls (30 +/- 1.8 microm(2) vs. 63 +/- 3.6 microm(2); p < 0.0001). Thus, the effect of local or systemic PAI-1 (over)expression on adipocyte or blood vessel size and density of de novo formed fat pads appears to be different, and concentration-dependent. Whereas local expression resulted in larger fat pads, systemic overexpression had no effect on de novo adipogenesis, although angiogenesis appeared to be impaired.

Men are much Harder

Drawing on 45 interviews, this article addresses how heterosexual men and women respond to and discuss opposite and same-sex nude images in distinctive ways. Viewing both female and male nudes provides an opportunity to observe the sexual and gender identity work men and women perform when confronted with this cultural object. Both men and women have access to shared, readily available cultural scripts for interpreting and responding to female nude images. Neither men nor women are culturally adept at the interpretation and use of nude male images, particularly the man in the soft porn frame. Men respond to this male nude with overt rejection and stated disinterest. Women are more likely to reject the seductive advance or welcome it with attached feelings of guilt.

(Post)modernism and Feminist Art HistoryThe Reception of the Male Nude in Twentieth‐century Greek Painting

This article, based on the author's PhD (Reading University, UK, 2000), examines the processes and discourses leading to a hegemonic framework of meaning in art history and criticism in 20th-century Greece. The ideological construct of the periphery (versus an assumed centre), the quest for a national subject in art and the inconclusive debates on modernism and postmodernism constitute key issues in this enquiry, which takes as its case study the interplay of present (dominant) and absent (suppressed) meanings in readings of the male nude, with specific reference to the work of Greek artists Yannis Tsarouchis and Aspa Stassinopoulou. The article, the first study of the subject in a materialist-feminist context, uses the reception of the male nude by the 20th-century Greek art scene to raise more general issues concerning the reasons that often lead to the marginalisation of feminist politics in the art discourse of the self-identified 'margins' of modernism.

Women and the Male Nude

Women and the Male Nude

Appreciation and desire: The male nude in the photography of Robert Mapplethorpe

The representations of male bodies in Robert Mapplethorpe's nudes invite viewers to assume divergent and potentially contesting receptive stances. These different responses are enabled by the structural ambiguities of the photographs themselves. Mapplethorpe's male nudes appropriate past images and associations that evoke the canonical, classical genre of the nude as well as the artist's past work to present his models simultaneously as formal objects of appreciation and erotic objects of desire. These differing yet concurrent depictions entail corresponding degrees of distance and intimacy on the part of the viewer. In this light, Mapplethorpe's male nudes elucidate how textual ambiguity invites different modes of reception. The tensions in the photographs do not resolve themselves, nor do they offer the viewer synthetic clues.

Social Nudism, Masculinity, and the Male Nude in the Work of William Theo Brown and Wynn Chamberlain in the 1960s

Previous articleNext article No AccessSocial Nudism, Masculinity, and the Male Nude in the Work of William Theo Brown and Wynn Chamberlain in the 1960sDavid McCarthyDavid McCarthy Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Archives of American Art Journal Volume 38, Number 1/21998 Sponsored by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/aaa.38.1_2.1557770 Views: 12Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1999 Archives of American Art, Smithsonian InstitutionPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Davina Cooper Theorising Nudist Equality: An Encounter Between Political Fantasy and Public Appearance, Antipode 43, no.22 (Jan 2011): 326–357.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00833.xIan Nicholson Baring the soul: Paul Bindrim, Abraham Maslow and ‘Nude psychotherapy’, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 43, no.44 (Jan 2007): 337–359.https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20272Caroline Daley From bush to beach: nudism in Australasia, Journal of Historical Geography 31, no.11 (Jan 2005): 149–167.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2004.03.020

Titian Drawings: A Progress Report

The limited purpose of this article is to survey the modern literature on the drawings of Titian up untii the present, and to introduce some new material. From Hadeln's conservative views to the comprehensive but flawed approach of Tietze and Tietze-Conrat, scholars have by turns expanded or reduced Titian's oeuvre through the addition or later excision of many studies by Domenico Campagnola, and in response to Dryer's controversial allegation that many other works are fakes. A number of new attributions have not gained acceptance. Wethey seriously muddied the waters still further with his recent volume. Some order has since been restored by Chiari's admirably clear treatment, but it focuses on secure drawings and avoids peripheral works. The Standing Male Nude acquired by the J. Paul Getty Museum is accorded in the article a detailed discussion for the first time, and a half dozen other little-known studies are placed within Titian's development as a draftsman. An excursus sets out to clarify Tintoretto's beginnings by transferring to him three drawings formerly thought to be by Titian. On the complex subject of Titian's drawings, this article is by no means the last word, merely the latest.