Neutered Male Domestic Shorthair Research Articles

Subdural fluid accumulation with two meningiomas in a cat.

A case of two separate meningiomas with concurrent subdural fluid accumulation is presented. A 13-year-old, male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with behavior change and progressive neurologic signs localizing to the forebrain. Two extra-axial masses were seen along with a large subdural fluid collection on advanced imaging of the brain. Histology of the lesions was consistent with multiple meningiomas, while analysis of the subdural fluid was consistent with cerebrospinal fluid. A case of multiple feline meningiomas with peritumoral subdural fluid accumulation has not previously been reported.

Computed tomographic features of Morel-Lavallée lesions in 3 cats.

To describe the CT features of Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLLs) and their association with trauma in cats. This study aimed to investigate whether MLL fluid in cats accumulates between the dermis and deep fascia near superficial trauma, exhibits a vertical attenuation gradient, and shows no or only mild contrast enhancement on CT images. 3 young cats: a 1-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat, a 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat, and a 3-year-old neutered female British Shorthair cat. The clinical presentation of the 3 cats in the study involved recurrent swelling and fluid accumulation affecting at least 1 pelvic limb following trauma. In all cases, there was a fluid-filled space deep to the skin and superficial subcutaneous layer but superficial to the deep fascial plane overlying the muscular component of the pelvic limbs. The MLL fluid had a vertical attenuation gradient and no or only mild contrast enhancement. Morel-Lavallée lesions are often initially overlooked, likely due to distraction by concomitant significant bone injuries, and can be mistaken for hematomas, seromas, subcutaneous edema, contusions, or cellulitis, leading to less aggressive treatment. If left untreated, MLLs present a significant risk of extensive skin necrosis compared to other types of subcutaneous swelling.

Palatal dysgenesis in a feline causing complete obstruction of the nasopharynx: A case report.

The nasopharyngeal disease is common in felines. Nasopharyngeal stenosis is uncommonly a congenital problem, with most cases being secondary to other diseases. An 8-month-old male neutered domestic shorthair presented with a chief complaint of chronic nasal congestion, open-mouth breathing, and discharge. CT was performed, and palatal dysgenesis resulting in complete nasopharyngeal obstruction, secondary nasopharyngitis, and rostral nasal turbinate lysis were found. This was confirmed by an endoscopic evaluation of the nasopharynx region, which demonstrated a lack of connection between the nasopharynx and oropharynx. This is the first CT report documenting congenital palate dysgenesis resulting in complete obstruction of the nasopharynx.

Successful management of pelvic urethral strictures with balloon dilation in 3 cats.

To describe the successful management of pelvic urethral strictures in 3 young cats (1 after perineal urethrostomy, 1 after a third-time urethral obstruction, and 1 with prolonged lower urinary tract signs post-urethral obstruction) using balloon dilation and a short-term, indwelling urethral catheter. A 9-month-old neutered male domestic longhair cat with a urethral obstruction and a suspected congenitally narrowed urethra was treated via perineal urethrostomy. The cat later developed acute kidney injury, multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections, and a pelvic urethral stricture. A second case, a 2.3-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat, developed a stricture of the pelvic urethra after multiple obstructions and catheterizations. A third case, a 1.2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat, had persistent and prolonged lower urinary tract signs after treatment for a urinary obstruction. The cat also had an abnormally small urethral opening and was ultimately found to have a proximal urethral stricture. The strictures in all 3 cases were successfully treated with a combination of fluoroscopic-guided balloon dilation and short-term indwelling urethral catheterization while managing any present infection. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published case series of successful balloon dilations paired with the use of a short-term indwelling urethral catheter in cats that developed urethral strictures after catheterization due to urinary obstructions. This procedure appears safe and well tolerated and appears to offer a long-term, cost-effective solution to urethral strictures at the level of the pelvis.

Use of a gum elastic bougie in a cat with severe upper airway stenosis

Gum elastic bougie (GEB) is an airway management device for patients who are difficult to intubate and its use has been reported in human medicine. However, to our knowledge, no reports in veterinary medicine have described oxygenation using GEB. We describe a case in which GEB was used to maintain oxygenation in a cat with severe upper airway stenosis. A 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with a laryngeal tumor with severe upper airway stenosis. During anesthesia induction, the normal laryngeal structure could not be confirmed; orotracheal intubation was difficult, resulting in a "cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate" status. The GEB was inserted, making it possible to oxygenate the cat until a permanent tracheostoma could be created, but hypoventilation was noted. Although GEB are not useful for proper ventilation, they can be useful for temporary oxygenation in veterinary medicine when airway management is difficult.

Remission of feline oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma by combinational therapy of toceranib and meloxicam: a case report.

A 15-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 2-month history of stridor, snoring, hoarseness, dysphagia and weight loss. Non- anesthetized contrast computed tomography of the head revealed a heterogeneous enhanced mass which was suspected as a malignant tumor the oropharynx, extending from the caudal soft palate. Fine needle aspiration under anesthesia was performed from deep tissue of the mass. Cytology revealed cells consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated with toceranib (10 mg/cat, p.o., EOD or thrice weekly) and meloxicam (0.025〜0.300 mg/kg, s.c. or p.o., SID, EOD or thrice weekly). Radiologically, the cancer resolved almost completely by day 8. The cancer recurred after 13 days of meloxicam suspension. Progression-free survival was 30 days. The range of creatinine was 1.83〜3.39 mg/dL during follow-up. This is the first reported case of an oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a cat treated with combinational therapy of toceranib and high dose meloxicam.

Animal Behavior Case of the Month.

SignalmentThe patient was a 3-year-old 7.6-kg neutered male domestic shorthair cat.HistoryThe cat entered a shelter as a stray and was then adopted by his owners 1 year prior to presentation. It was adopted with an 8-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat. They were both indoor cats with supervised access to an enclosed deck. Since adoption, the patient had urinated outside of litter boxes about 90% of the time. It occurred only in the basement and on various surfaces, including the concrete floor, a utility sink, a paint tray, training pads, and clothing. It squatted while urinating, urinated

Use of human intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia in two cats

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male neutered Maine Coon cat (Cat 1) presented to a referral centre with a 1‐day history of lethargy. A 3‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat (Cat 2) presented with a 1‐week history of inappetence and lethargy. Complete blood count revealed a severe, mildly regenerative, normocytic, normochromic anaemia for Cat 1, and a severe, non‐regenerative normocytic normochromic anaemia for Cat 2. Following further investigations, a diagnosis of non‐associative immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia was made. Treatment with immunosuppressive dosages of glucocorticoids was started; however, given the lack of response and severity of disease in both cases, it was decided to administer human intravenous immunoglobulin. There was improvement of haematocrit 2 days following the infusion for Cat 1, and 5 days after for Cat 2. Both cats were discharged from the hospital. Cat 1 remained in remission 6 months following the diagnosis, and Cat 2 was lost to follow‐up.

Coxofemoral luxation as a complication of localised tetanus in a cat

Case summaryA 9-month-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented 2 weeks after castration with a 48 h history of acute-onset lateral recumbency and severe hindlimb rigidity. Physical examination findings included hyperthermia, tachypnoea, hindlimb rigidity and a healed orchidectomy site. Neurological examination of the head and forelimbs was normal; however, there was a spastic, non-ambulatory paraparesis of the hindlimbs, which was more severe on the left. Abnormal findings included mildly elevated serum creatine kinase levels and on electromyography there was bilateral pathological spontaneous activity of the biceps femoris muscles. A tentative diagnosis of tetanus was made based on clinical presentation. Treatment was initiated with tetanus antitoxin, diazepam, metronidazole, buprenorphine and physiotherapy of the hindlimbs. There was an improvement over the following 20 days. Twenty-five days later the cat presented with acute, painful, non-weightbearing lameness of the left hindlimb. Physical examination was suggestive of craniodorsal coxofemoral joint luxation, which was confirmed radiographically. This was treated with analgesia and rest. A marked clinical improvement was observed at the 3-month follow-up.Relevance and novel informationTo our knowledge, there have been no previously published reports of spontaneous coxofemoral joint luxation as a complication of hindlimb localised tetanus infection in cats. This report suggests that coxofemoral luxation should be considered as a possible complication in young cats with hindlimb localised tetanus.

Cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardia in a cat with suspected Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in the absence of structural cardiac disease

AbstractThe objective of this publication is to provide the clinical presentation, electrocardiographic findings and therapy for management of suspected Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in a cat without evidence of underlying cardiomyopathy or systemic disease. A 2‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for continued investigations following recent transient loss of consciousness episodes. Electrocardiography showed a sustained supraventricular tachycardia, which was successfully converted to sinus rhythm with intravenous diltiazem administration. Ventricular pre‐excitation was presumed during the electrocardiogram postconversion and oral diltiazem was instituted. Cardiac troponin I was measured, conversely to prior reports, which was significantly high on presentation and decreased after treatment. The new information provided by this case report is that it represents an original description of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome in a cat without any obvious underlying cardiomyopathy, and treatment protocol resulted in a successful outcome to date.

Suspected local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) after several bupivacaine injections through an epidural catheter in a cat

AbstractA 9‐year‐old male neutered domestic short hair cat was referred to our practice after a road traffic accident. On presentation, the cat was obtunded, with bilateral hindlimb fractures. The fractures were surgically repaired, and an epidural catheter was placed for perioperative pain management. Postoperative analgesia consisted of bupivacaine administered intermittently through the epidural catheter. In the days after surgery, the cat became duller and more obtunded, and marked bilateral mydriasis with absence of a pupillary reflex was noted. After ruling out different causes for mydriasis and weaning the cat from systemic opioids, local anaesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) emerged the primary differential diagnosis. Bupivacaine plasma concentrations were measured and found a fourfold increase in concentration over that reported after a perineural block. Mydriasis and absent pupillary light reflex, among other clinical signs, could be early indicators of LAST secondary to accumulation of the local anaesthetic in patients with an epidural catheter.

Focal Cortical Resection and Hippocampectomy in a Cat With Drug-Resistant Structural Epilepsy.

Epilepsy surgery is a common therapeutic option in humans with drug-resistant epilepsy. However, there are few reports of intracranial epilepsy surgery for naturally occurring epilepsy in veterinary medicine. A 12-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat with presumed congenital cortical abnormalities (atrophy) in the right temporo-occipital cortex and hippocampus had been affected with epilepsy from 3 months of age. In addition to recurrent epileptic seizures, the cat exhibited cognitive dysfunction, bilateral blindness, and right forebrain signs. Seizures had been partially controlled (approximately 0.3–0.7 seizures per month) by phenobarbital, zonisamide, diazepam, and gabapentin until 10 years of age; however, they gradually became uncontrollable (approximately 2–3 seizures per month). In order to plan epilepsy surgery, presurgical evaluations including advanced structural magnetic resonance imaging and long-term intracranial video-electroencephalography monitoring were conducted to identify the epileptogenic zone. The epileptogenic zone was suspected in the right atrophied temporo-occipital cortex and hippocampus. Two-step surgery was planned, and a focal cortical resection of that area was performed initially. After the first surgery, seizures were not observed for 2 months, but they then recurred. The second surgery was performed to remove the right atrophic hippocampus and extended area of the right cortex, which showed spikes on intraoperative electrocorticography. After the second operation, although epileptogenic spikes remained in the contralateral occipital lobe, which was suspected as the second epileptogenic focus, seizure frequency decreased to <0.3 seizure per month under treatment with antiseizure drugs at 1.5 years after surgery. There were no apparent complications associated with either operation, although the original neurological signs were unchanged. This is the first exploratory study of intracranial epilepsy surgery for naturally occurring epilepsy, with modern electroclinical and imaging evidence, in veterinary medicine. Along with the spread of advanced diagnostic modalities and neurosurgical devices in veterinary medicine, epilepsy surgery may be an alternative treatment option for drug-resistant epilepsy in cats.

Successful resolution of urothorax secondary to non-traumatic uroabdomen in a cat managed with peritoneal dialysis as a bridge to surgery

Case summaryA 9-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of severe hemodynamic collapse and suspected lower urinary tract disease. On admission, severe metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia and azotemia, and electrocardiographic findings consistent with cardiotoxicity were identified. The diagnosis of uroabdomen was made based on abdominal fluid to plasma concentration ratios of creatinine and potassium. A central line catheter was placed percutaneously into the abdomen for peritoneal drainage and used for peritoneal dialysis as a bridge to surgery. Retrograde contrast cystography confirmed rupture of the urinary bladder. Point-of-care ultrasound of the chest postoperatively revealed the presence of mild pleural effusion. Echocardiography was then performed showing no evidence of cardiac disease. Pleural fluid analysis revealed a transudate with a creatinine ratio of 2.38 ([Creatinine]pleural fluid/[Creatinine]plasma), consistent with the diagnosis of urothorax. The cat recovered uneventfully from surgery and was monitored for signs of respiratory distress during the rest of its stay in hospital. The cat was discharged 4 days later and the pleural effusion resolved without further medical intervention.Relevance and novel informationThere is limited information on the causes of urothorax and uroabdomen management of feline patients. Pleural effusion is a complication observed in critically ill cats secondary to fluid overload, underlying cardiomyopathy, primary thoracic pathology or a combination of these. To our knowledge, this is the first report of urothorax in a cat secondary to non-traumatic uroabdomen. Careful monitoring of respiratory signs consistent with pleural space disease is recommended in cases of uroabdomen.

Renal adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat

Case summaryA 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was diagnosed with renal adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic osteopathy. The cat was referred for chronic ambulation difficulties. The physical examination showed a painful thickening of all four limbs, a right cranial abdominal mass and a conjunctival hyperaemia. Radiographic findings were consistent with extensive periosteal new bone formation involving not only the diaphyses of the fore- and hindlimbs, but also of the pelvis, tarsus and carpus. Abdominal ultrasonography and CT revealed a mass within the right kidney and a primary neoplasm was suspected. A ureteronephrectomy of the right kidney was performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of renal adenocarcinoma. Although clinical improvement of the lameness occurred after surgery, no radiographic changes of hypertrophic osteopathy lesions were observed at the 9-month follow-up.Relevance and novel informationFeline cases of hypertrophic osteopathy are rarely reported in the literature and only a few of them were associated with abdominal neoplastic diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first case of renal adenocarcinoma associated with hypertrophic osteopathy in a cat.

Liver lobe torsion in a cat with diaphragmatic hernia

A 10-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was referred with a 2-week history of dyspnoea and anorexia following injury in a car accident. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography revealed a diaphragmatic...

Computed tomographic findings in a case of feline insulinoma

Insulinomas are functional insulin-secreting tumours of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets which are rare in cats. Clinical signs are a result of hypoglycaemia and include seizures, collapse, weakness,...

Abnormal Sysmex XT‐2000iV DIFF scattergram in a cat with a prominent mastocytemia

A 2-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented to the emergency service of the National Veterinary School of Toulouse (France) for acute vomiting and diarrhea with lethargy, inappetence, and adypsia for the past 48hours. Complete blood counts were performed with the ProCyte DX at the emergency department and with the Sysmex XT-2000iV at the laboratory 2weeks later. The scattergrams from the two analyzers revealed similar unusual and abnormal dot plots. The Sysmex XT-2000iV DIFF scattergram also showed no clear separation between different leukocyte populations. The eosinophil cluster was in an abnormal location compared with that of the "typical" location in a normal cat. A blood smear evaluation revealed the presence of numerous mast cells. Thus, we hypothesized that the Sysmex XT-2000iV had detected the mast cell population, and this led to errors in the differential counts. To explore this hypothesis, we manually gated on the DIFF scattergram and performed a manual differential on the blood smear. With this new gating strategy, the Sysmex XT-2000iV and manual differentials were similar. Thus, in the case of systemic mastocytosis, mast cells can be located between the lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil clusters on scattergrams.

Osteoblastoma in the Distal Humerus of a Cat

A 7-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented with chronic lameness in the right forelimb. A cystic bony lesion was identified in the distal right humerus and amputation was performed. The epiphyseal trabecular bones of the capitulum and trochlea was replaced by a tan to pink, expansile mass that was surrounded by a thin rim of cortical bone. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of a bland, osteoid producing spindle cell population within a well-vascularized fibrous stroma. Radiographical and histological features were consistent with osteoblastoma. Osteoblastoma and the related osteoid osteoma are uncommon, benign osteoblastic tumours that are reported rarely in animals. These tumours should be considered as differential diagnoses for slow growing, cystic bony lesions in cats.

Delayed forebrain syndrome due to presumptive traumatic intranasal meningoencephalocele in a cat

A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred with 1-month history of three generalised tonic-clonic epileptic seizures and left-sided thoracic limb knuckling. Nine months previously, the cat was bitten...

Use of computed tomography in the diagnosis of caecal inversion in a dog and a cat

Case 1: A nine-month-old entire male beagle presented with a history of chronic diarrhoea, intermittent haematochezia and rectal prolapse. An exploratory laparotomy performed prior to presentation reported visualisation of a...