Male Dentists Research Articles

Association between the number of existing teeth and maintenance dialysis therapy: A cross-sectional study of adult male dentists.

Dental caries and periodontal disease are typical oral diseases frequently observed in patients with renal diseases. Tooth loss is an outcome of dental caries and periodontal disease, and the number of existing teeth is an indicator of oral health status. However, the association between the number of existing teeth and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health status, expressed by the number of existing teeth, and ESKD. We analyzed data from the second survey of the Longitudinal Evaluation of Multi-phasic, Odontological, and Nutritional Associations in Dentists, a cohort study conducted among members of the Japan Dental Association. From August 2016 to July 2017, self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 16,128 male dentists and 8,722 responded. Among them, 7,479 men with complete data on age, number of existing teeth, and ESKD were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, with ESKD as the dependent variable and the number of existing teeth (≥23 teeth and <23 teeth) as the independent variable. Subgroup analysis by age (<65 years and ≥65 years) was also conducted. The <23 teeth group had a significantly higher rate of ESKD than did the ≥23 teeth group. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking habits, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, there was no significant association between having <23 teeth and ESKD in all participants. However, the subgroup analysis revealed a significant association after adjustment for covariates in participants aged <65 years but not in those aged ≥65 years. In conclusion, having <23 teeth was associated with the risk of requiring maintenance dialysis therapy among Japanese men aged <65 years. Therefore, tooth loss may be associated with renal function decline.

The necessity and reasons for referrals to endodontists among general dentists in Mashhad: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: This study aimed to identify the necessity and reasons for patient referral to endodontists among general dentists in Mashhad, Iran, in 2021. Materials and Methods: This research employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Two hundred general dentists participated in the survey, answering a questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity. The questions focused on their reasoning for deciding to perform or not perform root canal treatment, their rationale for referring or not referring patients to endodontists, and the factors influencing these decisions. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-19 software, using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests (α = 0.05). Results: Of the respondents, 68% performed root canal therapy routinely, while 8.5% reported never performing root treatment. Men were more likely to perform root canal therapy than women (P &lt; 0.001). Among the dentists who performed root canal therapy, 76.5% considered endodontic referrals necessary, and the number of referrals was higher among female dentists than male dentists (P &lt; 0.001). Overall, the main reasons for referral to endodontists include noncooperation of the patient, open apex, and mouth opening limitations. Fear of losing the patient and the high costs of specialized treatment were the reasons for nonreferral to endodontists. Conclusion: There is a need to eliminate the barriers to endodontic referral among general dentists in Mashhad. Economic issues played a substantial role in dentists’ unwillingness to perform root canal therapy and endodontic referral. The study provides insights into the reasons for referral, which can guide the development of strategies to improve endodontic care and patient outcomes.

Prevalence of Carpel Tunnel Syndrome among Dentists, A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a neuromuscular disorder predominantly seen in professions demanding repetitive and forceful hand movements, notably among dentists. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CTS among dentists and its impact on their professional activities. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CTS in dentists and understand how it affects their daily professional tasks. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire to evaluate sensory and functional impairments in a sample of 50 dentists. The questionnaire encompassed demographic details, the Functional Status Scale (FSS), and the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 28.0. Results: The study sample comprised 38% female and 62% male dentists, primarily aged between 20-30 years (48%), followed by 31-40 years (30%), and 41-50 years (22%). It was found that female dentists exhibited a higher prevalence of CTS compared to male counterparts. Regarding symptoms, 40% of the participants reported mild hand or wrist pain during the day, while 10% experienced moderate pain. Furthermore, 30% of the dentists reported experiencing wrist pain 1-2 times per day. A notable 40% felt slight weakness in the hands, and 6% reported moderate weakness. Conclusion: The study concludes that CTS is highly prevalent among dentists, with a more significant impact observed in female practitioners. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive measures and ergonomic interventions in dental practice to reduce the risk and burden of CTS.

Awareness of Health Professional Regulations, Associated Factors, and Malpractice Consequences among Dentists

Introduction: The rising number of complaints against dentists in Saudi Arabia was the main motivator to conduct this study, which aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding health professional regulations among dentists, identify the associated factors, and explore the consequences of malpractice experience. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between February and July 2022 among dentists working at public or private dental clinics in Saudi Arabia and who had medical malpractice insurance coverage. To conduct the research, a predestined questionnaire comprised three sections: section 1 included 13 questions aimed to assess the knowledge related to the health professional regulations in Saudi Arabia; section 2 evaluated the most significant changes in providing dental care as a result of complaint experience; and section 3 assessed the impact of the complaint on dentists’ professional practice and physical and psychological conditions. Results: The study included 148 dentists who responded to the questionnaire. The dentists’ median score of their knowledge concerning legal health regulations in Saudi Arabia was 7 (range: 6–9) out of 13. The median score was higher among dentists who had been sued compared with those who had never been sued (8 [IQR: 7–9.75] vs. 7 [IQR: 5.25–9], respectively), although no significant difference was detected (p > 0.05). A significantly higher median score (p = 0.029) was recorded among male dentists (median = 7 [IQR: 6–10]) compared to female dentists (median = 7 [IQR: 5–8]). Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge of dental care legal regulations among the included dentists was good to some extent. Several dentists with a history of malpractice changed their behavior toward patients. This change in behavior was more common among dentists who had been previously sued.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Periodontal and Dental Diseases During Pregnancy Among Obstetricians and Dentists in King Saud University Medical City.

Providing effective dental treatment during pregnancy is related to controlling oral diseases and helps maintain a healthy oral cavity. One of the possible treatment options for endodontic disease is to treat the odontogenic infection, maintain a healthy oral environment, and minimize the expected complications that can occur later in pregnancy or during the postpartum period. Sufficient awareness among obstetricians and dentists is essential to delivering appropriate preventive and curative care to pregnant patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding oral health care and providing dental treatment among King Saud University Medical City obstetricians and dentists during pregnancy and the association of dental and periodontal disease with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study was conducted in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, from December 2022 to June 2023 (six months). The data were collected from 381 participants in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January 2023 to June 2023. The study targeted male and female general dentists and obstetricians living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and excluded those who are not dentists and obstetricians or not living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Out of a total of 381 completed responses, 281 (73.8%) of the participants were dentists, while 100 (26.2%) were obstetricians. It was observed that the majority of the participants agreed that oral health is a part of prenatal care, while the minority did not agree (0.3%). Of the 281 (73.8%) respondents, most of them reported periodontal disease can cause preterm birth, low birth weight, and gestational diabetes (73.2%), while only 0.5% answered no. Two hundred and seventy-eight of the participants answered that it is essential to consult with an obstetrician before treating pregnant patients. The overall knowledge of dentists and obstetricians was adequate regarding dental disease during pregnancy. However, more education should be assessed and continuously improved regarding the treatment options, as well as future recommendations regarding the medications used in dental clinics and awareness programs promoting dental health care in pregnant patients.

Longitudinal changes of the natural craniofacial and dentoalveolar complex in the fourth decade of life

This study aimed to longitudinally examine the changes in craniofacial and dentoalveolar regions during the third and fourth decades of life. The data from this study constitute the cephalometric films and plaster models of 8 female and 8 male dental students or dentists. The mean chronological ages of the subjects at the first observation period was 22.09 years for females and 22.64 years for males. The material was collected over 3 intervals: 1985-1989, 1998-2000, and 2016-2017. The observation period was approximately 28 years. Acquired cephalometric recordings and dental models were assessed for subjects in their 20s (baseline), 30s, and 40s. Maxillary, mandibular, maxillomandibular, soft-tissue, and dentoalveolar cephalometric variables were measured with a cephalometric analysis software, and dental cast measurements were made with a digital caliper. Changes in the cephalometric films and dental casts were evaluated statistically. Statistical analysis showed that the length of the midfacial region increased with age. The height of the lower face increased significantly in females and the mandible can be seen mildly rotating to the posterior as it increased in length. The nose moved slightly forward and downward in males and females. Upper lip height was significantly increased in females; however, there was a significant reduction in upper lip thickness for males and females. Soft-tissue pogonion measurements showed a significant forward and downward chin movement in females. Overjet was significantly increased in females, whereas the mandibular arch length was significantly decreased for both sexes, although it was more prominent in females. There was a loss of space in the anterior segments of males and females, resulting in increased crowding. However, the loss of space was only significant in the mandible. We observed significant changes in skeletal, soft-tissue, and dentoalveolar variables of subjects in their third and fourth decades of life. The fact that many changes have occurred throughout this study demonstrates that the process of maturation and aging is ongoing.

Survey investigation of articaine use in the United States

BackgroundLocal anesthesia is an essential component of dentistry, but there is limited quantifiable understanding of what techniques and local anesthetic solutions are used by practicing dentists. Use of the local anesthetic articaine has been highly debated in dentistry regarding its efficacy and risks for paresthesia. The aims of this study were to expand the knowledge of local anesthesia practices of dentists in the United States through a large-scale survey and associate potential influencing factors regarding articaine use specifically. MethodsThe 23-item survey was sent to 10,340 practicing dentists in the United States, gathering demographic data and local anesthesia approaches and concerns. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. ResultsA total of 1,128 dentists completed the survey. Previous experience with articaine was reported by 97.6% of respondents, with 3.3% no longer using articaine. Sixty percent of respondents indicated using articaine for most local anesthetic injections administered. Multivariable regression analysis found those reporting to use articaine for all local anesthetic injections involving vasoconstrictors were more likely to be male (odds ratio, 1.59; P = .002) or general dentists (odds ratio, 1.63; P < .001). ConclusionsArticaine has a perceived benefit to practitioners as most respondents reported using articaine as their primary local anesthetic. A practitioner’s sex and type were found to affect the profile of use of articaine. Practical ImplicationsAssembling evidence-based local anesthesia practices would be beneficial to ensure US practitioners are more standardized in administering local anesthetics, particularly articaine, in the safest and most efficacious way.

Knowledge, practice, and attitude evaluation of forensic dentistry among Iraqi dentists: Questionnaire-based study

Abstract Background: Forensic dentistry is a branch of forensic science that deals with the examination, analysis, and interpretation of dental evidence in legal investigations. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, practice, and attitudes of Iraqi dentists toward forensic dentistry. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was designed with four sections and distributed to dentists. The four sections were demographic, knowledge (assessed the dentists’ knowledge and consisted of 14 questions), practice (evaluated the dentists’ practices and consisted of six questions), and attitude (consisted of two questions to assess the dentists’ attitudes). For the knowledge, practice, and attitude sections, the answers were either “yes” (correct), “no,” or “I don’t know” (incorrect). The correct answer frequencies were calculated, and the mean scores of responses were compared among the different variables. Results: A total of 414 dentists responded, including 196 male dentists and 218 female dentists. The mean age of the responders was 32.57 years, and the responders were divided according to age into: 304 (≤40 years), and 110 dentists (˃40 years), according to qualifications into: 168 (postgraduate) and 246 (graduate), and according to experience years: 228 (≤10 years) and 186 (˃10 years). The questions related to using teeth as indicators of age received the highest number of correct answers, whereas the use of palatal rugae and lips in forensic dentistry received the lowest scores. Conclusion: Iraq dentists had limited knowledge, practice, and attitude about forensic dentistry. Therefore, it is important for undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as official training courses, to focus more attention on forensic dentistry.

Attitude &amp; Preference of Children Aged 4 to 12 Years and Their Parents about the Type of Attire and Gender of Dentists

Objective: Dentist's gender and appearance, significantly, affect the child's acceptance and makes him cooperate better during the treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preference of children aged 4 to 12 years regarding attire and gender of the dentist.&#x0D; Methods: Four hundred children aged 4 to 12 years were randomly selected from the pediatric department of Kerman Dental Faculty, then they were given a questionnaire that included demographic information and eight images of male and female dentists with different attire. The parent and the child were asked to choose the picture of their desired dentist; After collecting the data, SPSS 26 software was used to check the data. To describe the data, descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation) and to analyze the data, Chi-Square tests, T-Test, ANOVA, and Tukey's test were used.&#x0D; Results: Children participating in this study included 49.3% boys and 50.7 % girls with their parents (18.75% fathers, and 81.25% mothers). The findings showed that 30.75% of children and 36 % of parents chose a dentist with colored scrubs and fantasy patterns. Also, most children (66.75%) and parents (72.5%) wanted to be treated by a female dentist. Certainly, most children preferred to be treated by a dentist of the same gender (P=0.0001).&#x0D; Conclusion: the majority of Children and parents generally preferred female dentists, but many children tended to choose dentists of the same gender. most girls and parents chose cartoon attire, and most boys chose white coats.

Assessment of Personality Traits among Pediatric Dentists in India: A Cross-sectional Study.

To identify the most common personality traits among pediatric dentists in India. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Big Five personality test (BFPT). It included 50 questions based on five personality traits-extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. The questionnaire was e-mailed and also sent through WhatsApp messages as a Google Form to all the pediatric dentists in India. Scoring for each trait was done based on the specific formula provided. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney U test. A total of 390 pediatric dentists responded and filled out the questionnaire. The agreeableness trait was the most commonly exhibited trait, followed by the conscientiousness trait. Emotional stability was the least exhibited trait. Emotional stability was statistically different between male and female pediatric dentists. Agreeableness and emotional stability were the most and least expressed traits, respectively, among the participants. This survey showed that pediatric dentists in India could have a high tolerance and competent behavior. Dentists may possess unique personality traits that distinguish them from the general population. Within the dental profession, there could be variations in personality traits depending on the specialty they practice. Asokan S, PR G, Dhanabalan O, et al. Assessment of Personality Traits Among Pediatric Dentists in India: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):489-493.

Frequency of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of Upper Limb among Dentists of Division Gujranwala

Background: Faulty and poor posture has been a cause of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dentists. Due to the nature of their work, they are more prone to develop upper limb MSDs in the upper limbs. Objectives: To find out the frequency of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of upper limbs among dentists of division Gujranwala. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Gujranwala Division, Pakistan, from April 2022 to July 2022. Convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. The study included 250 male and female dentists, aged 25-40 years, having working hours &gt; 5 hours and with work experience of at least 1-2 years, both from the public and private sectors of the Gujranwala Division. The work-related musculoskeletal disorders were determined using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results: Among the study participants, there were 127(50.8%) females and 123 (49.2%) males. The mean age of the participants was 32.77±6.23 years. Musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs were found in 231(92.2%) participants. The most common region involved were; the shoulder in 141 (56.4%), the wrist in 82 (32.2%) followed by the elbow in 8 (3.2%). Among the participants, 141(56.4%) worked in different work slots of 8-10 hours. One hundred and seventy-one participants were habitual of working in a sitting posture. Conclusion: Upper Limb Musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among dentists of the Gujranwala Division with the major regions involved being the shoulder and wrist

Comparative study of the saddle chair with two other conventional types of chair on the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and perceived comfort in dentists

Introduction: dentists often have to adopt awkward, asymmetric, static postures and tilt their heads forward while working. If this situation continues for a long time every day, it leads to excessive pressure on the involved muscles and joints and causes symptoms such as pain and discomfort, especially in the neck, shoulders, back, and waist. Considering the importance of prevention, and early treatment of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists, this research investigates the effect of three types of chairs used in dentistry on the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and the comfort perceived by dentists using each chair.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conveyed in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. The present study includes a survey of a group of 70 male dentists. In this study, three types of chairs were compared. To evaluate body comfort, Corlette, and Bishop’s local discomfort questionnaire was used. The RULA method was used to determine the risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders and to assess each dentist's body condition.&#x0D; Results: The highest level of comfort was reported in the saddle model chair (the difference in the average intensity of discomfort before and after the work shift in the whole body = 12.39), the third type chair (13.04), and the second type chair (18/76). The dentists' posture evaluation results showed that the final score of RULA in three types of chairs varies from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 7.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the average intensity of discomfort in the whole body after using the saddle chair compared to the state before using it has significantly decreased compared to the other two types of chairs, which implies the positive effect of using the saddle chair in reducing musculoskeletal discomfort. The results of posture evaluation indicate that the use of the saddle chair, compared to the other two chairs, improves the working conditions and facilitates the work.

Factors Associated with Avoiding Referrals by Dental Teleconsulting Sessions in Brazil.

This cross-sectional analytical study assessed the frequency of avoided referrals of primary care to other care levels by dental teleconsulting and its association with individual and contextual variables using a multilevel approach. It appraised asynchronous dental teleconsulting sessions from the secondary database of the Monitoring and Evaluation System of the Telehealth Results during 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The outcome was "whether referral to secondary care was avoided". Individual variables were related to teleconsulting and professionals that requested it: sex, dental specialty, and dentistry field. Contextual variables were related to each municipality that requested responses: Municipal Human Development Index, oral health teams (OHTs) in primary health care coverage, dental specialty centers coverage, illiteracy rate, Gini index, longevity, and per capita income. A descriptive analysis was made using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling software was used to perform multilevel analyses to assess the association of individual and contextual variables with avoiding patient referral to other care levels. Most teleconsulting sessions avoided patient referral to other care levels (65.1%). Contextual variables explained 44.23% of the variance in the outcome. Female dentists were more likely to avoid patient referrals than male dentists (OR = 1.74; CI = 0.99-3.44; p = 0.055). In addition, an increase of one percentage point in OHT/PHC coverage of municipalities increased the likelihood of avoiding patient referral by 1% (OR = 1.01; CI = 1.00-1.02; p = 0.02). Teleconsulting sessions efficiently avoided patient referral to other care levels. Both contextual and individual factors were associated with avoided referrals by teleconsulting sessions.

Dentistry and Gender Gap: An Overview of the Italian Situation.

Recently, the issue of the gender gap in dentistry and in the leadership in the dental field has placed new challenges on dental profession representatives and politicians. Indeed, the inequity between genders in healthcare workforces represents a limit to the progression of those in the professions, inhibiting talented colleagues from accessing high positions in the academic world and not providing adequate role models to inspire future generations. The Italian population practicing dentistry in 2021 was composed of 74% males and 26% females. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of the gender gap in the dental field in Italy by focusing on the gender distribution of professional leaders in institutional category associations and invited speakers at dental conferences accredited for the Continue Education in Medicine program. The search strategy considered three different fields in the national dentistry scene: the dental committee boards, the union category associations, and the cultural field. The roles in the dental boards were retrieved from the website of the National Medical and Dental Committee from 2018 to 2022; the roles in the union category associations at the provincial, regional, and national levels were retrieved from the related web pages, considering the period from 2018 to 2021; and the information about the speakers at national conferences from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021 was retrieved from the National Agency for Regional Health Services (Agenzia nazionale per i servizi sanitari regionali (AGENAS)) websites. The extracted data were grouped and examined using descriptive statistics (frequency), and due to the categorical nature of the data, non-parametric tests (chi-square tests) were used to assess any differences between the two genders. The null hypothesis was that there were no statistical differences between the two genders' distributions. A p-value was considered significant when <0.05. In addition, aiming to understand the representation of male and female dentists, a comparison of the distributions of males and females in the dental boards with the percentages of female and male dentists operating in Italy in 2021 was performed using a binomial test. The analysis of the data regarding the composition of the dental boards and of the union category association boards revealed a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the roles between the two genders at the regional and local levels, with a p-value of <0.05, and a significantly low representation of the women practicing dentistry (p < 0.05). In Italy, women practicing dentistry are underrepresented in dental organizations and in cultural events, given the low numbers of female dentists in leadership and/or speaker roles in the years 2018-2021. Even though the glass ceiling effect continues to affect Italian female dentists, initiatives and political measures have been taken to improve this condition and reach gender equity.

Dentists’ perception of third molar surgery in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional pilot study

Concerns about the indications for the surgical removal of third molars have not yet reached a decisive agreement. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perception and practice of Saudi' dentists when encountering third molars clinical situations including diagnosis, treatment, and postsurgical care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted and approved by the ethics research committee at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz (PSAU). The survey comprised of four sets of questions with multiple-choice answers including the participants' details and type of practice (private or government), clinical awareness and attitude regarding lower third molars surgery, and the confidence level of dentists when performing third molars extraction. The survey was published online with a timeframe of three months to respond. 196 participants responded to the designated survey (55 dental interns and 141 general dental practitioners (GPs)). Most responses (80.1%) were from Riyadh province (central region). There was a significant difference between GPs and interns in terms of impacted third molars with associated cystic lesions, bony impactions, and diffuse pain (P<0.05). Male dentists tend to prescribe antibiotics more than female dentists (P=0.001) and GPs more than interns (P=0.027). The results also indicated that male dentists were more confident than females when performing third molar extraction. Generally, female dentists preferred to have further training on such surgery (P<0.05). Continuing professional development programs both during dental internship and general practice are recommended to improve the required skills of third molar extraction.

Dentist Disciplinary Action: What Do Dentists Get in Trouble for?

This study aims to determine the reasons for disciplinary action, the consequences and any associations with demographic factors for Canadian dentists. Publicly available regulatory body disciplinary action cases from 10 Canadian provinces were coded. Demographic factors were also coded. There were 344 dentist cases from five provinces between January2010 and December2020. The rate of disciplinary action was low (1.38 cases/1,000 practitioners/year). Clinical incompetence was the most common category of disciplinary action, followed by professional misconduct and dishonest business practices. Male dentists were overrepresented in the disciplinary action cases compared to the rest of the workforce. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to describe the outcomes of regulatory body disciplinary action for Canadian dentists.

Exploring the impact of household, personal, and employment characteristics on dentistry’s income gap between men and women

BackgroundThis study provides an update on the income gap between men and women in dentistry, evaluating the impact of dentists’ household, personal, and employment characteristics on income differences. MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the US Census Bureau’s 5-year American Community Survey (2014-2018). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis (ordinary least squares regressions, Oaxaca-Blinder regression decomposition on logged personal income). ResultsFemale dentists were less likely to be White and born in the United States and more likely to be bilingual than male dentists. Adjusted estimates indicated that male dentists earned 22% more than female dentists (risk ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.29). Black dentists earned 24% less (risk ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.85) and other race non-Hispanic dentists earned 17% less (risk ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.97) than non-Hispanic White dentists, after adjustment for covariates. Dentists with a nondentist partner or spouse earned more than those without a partner or spouse, and dentists with 3 or more children earned 19% more than those who were childless (P < .001; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.31). The income gap between sexes was $51,784 (in 2018 dollars); 27.2% of this gap was explained by observable personal (that is, race and ethnicity, bilingualism), employment (for example, hours worked and employee or ownership status), and household (for example, partner or spouse occupation and education) characteristics. ConclusionsThe dental workforce is diversifying, but sex and racial disparities in income persist. The income gap between sexes, although reduced over time, is now less explainable than in the past. Practical ImplicationsThe diversification of the dental workforce is a promising sign for an increasingly diverse population’s present and future oral health, but it is important that existing income gaps between men and women are addressed.

Location Factors Impact the Career Choice of German Dental Practitioners - An Empirical Analytical Approach to Multi-Criteria Decision-Making.

In light of the increasing number of employed dentists and the decreasing rate of self-employed dentists, the factors that impact the decision to set up a dental office in Germany were investigated. Central to this approach is the provision of comprehensive dental care. Using a pairwise comparison technique, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), location factors identified as relevant in a systematic literature review and then prioritized by the professionals were weighted and ranked. According to this, five factors generally dominate the decision to open a dental office. These are, in descending order: environment for the family, quality of life in the private environment, real income, perception of location, and good infrastructure. The strongest impact on the rank order of the influencing factors is the socio-demographic characteristic of gender. For female dentists, the family environment is in the first place (p = .3196/C.R. = 0.1502). For male colleagues, this influence ranks third (p = .1550/C.R. = 0.1468) and real income receives the first place (p = .244/C.R. = 0.1468). For female dentists, the influence of income ranks fifth (p = .076/C.R. = 0.1502). Female and male dentists who grew up in rural areas were less likely to prefer employment (13.6%) than subjects of urban origin (40.2%). The method of AHP is a way to map a priority list of all relevant factors. It can successfully show variations related to specific personal attributes. Obviously, there are factors that are of greater importance for the decision-making process to set up a dental office.

Comparing knowledge and opinions of medical and dental students in the field of pediatric anesthesia.

Dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) is one of the common treatment methods today for dental treatment in children, so dentists' point of view in this field is very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was evaluation the awareness and attitude of pediatric dentists and final-year dental students about dental treatment for children under GA. To conduct this study, 150 people, including 75 general dentists (GD) and 75 final-year dental students (FYDS), were randomly selected in Tehran. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 15 questions (7 awareness questions and 8 attitude questions) was used to evaluate the awareness and attitude of the participants. After extracting the raw results, statistical analysis of the results was done using SPSS-Ver. 22 software. 60% of the participants (90 people) were men and the remaining 40% (60 people) were women. The results showed that the level of awareness of male dentists was significantly higher than that of female dentists (P = 0.015). In addition, although the awareness level of FYDS was lower than GD, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.130). The average level of awareness among different age groups had a significant difference (P = 0.009), so the age group of 36-45 years compared to the younger age groups (25-35 years) and the older age groups (36-45 and 55 -46 years), had a higher level of awareness. According to the findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to use appropriate educational methods to improve the level of awareness and attitude of children's dentists.

Clinical-Epidemiological Profile of Dental Professionals Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Southern Peru: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dental professionals have been identified as being at high risk for COVID-19 infection due to close contact with patients and the nature of dental treatments. However, the prevalence of infected dentists in Peru has not been determined. An online electronic survey was sent to dentists registered with the College of Dentists of Arequipa to collect sociodemographic data, medical conditions, and employment characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The clinical characteristics and adverse effects of dentists diagnosed with COVID-19 were also recorded. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 infection was 44%. The highest number of diagnosed patients ranged in age from 31 to 40 years (n = 111; 48.9%). A total of 45.9% of female and 41.6% of male dentists were diagnosed with COVID-19 (p = 0.425). A relationship was found between the district of origin and infection, and dentists working in the public sector during 2021 showed a greater trend of becoming infected (57.6%) (p < 0.05). The antigen swab test was the diagnostic test most frequently used (38%), and cough was the symptom most reported. Only 0.6% reported being hospitalized, 10.6% reported needing oxygen during hospitalization, and 0.6% were admitted to an intensive care unit. As in previous studies in other countries, the rate of COVID-19 infection among Peruvian dentists is high. It is recommended that dentists carry out infection control measures while ministries of health and dental associations take measures to ensure their safety.