Male Cohort Research Articles

Thyroid Ultrasonography Screening of a Cohort of Male University Students

Objective: To assess thyroid ultrasonographic (US) findings from a male cohort of asymptomatic Saudi Arabian university students. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three university students were enrolled in a quantitative prospective study from February 2024 to April 2024. They were conveniently selected, excluding females. A MyLab40 US equipment system was used with a 7 MHz transducer. The thyroid was evaluated with US for size, echotexture, and abnormalities. The chi-square test, correlations, and descriptive statistics were applied for the data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.5 ± 1.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.03 ± 6.6. 95.2% of participants had normal findings; positive findings were found in 4.8 % of the participants. Of these, 1.6 % had multiple nodules, and 3.2 % had signs of thyroiditis. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between right and left thyroid lobe lengths compared to BMI ( p = .7 right and left 0.3). Moreover, there was no association between the thyroid echo pattern and the BMI ( p = .4). Conclusion: This cohort study concluded that the thyroid US findings were very limited. There was no statistical correlation between the thyroid lobe length, thyroid echo pattern, compared to participants’ BMI.

Time to Onset of Dysphagia Following Head and Neck Radiation.

To evaluate the time of onset of dysphagia in a cohort of head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation or chemoradiation. Retrospective chart review of adult patients. 237 patients met inclusion criteria for the study. The average age at cancer diagnosis was 62 years (± 12.6) in a predominantly male cohort (n = 198, 83.5%). The most common subsite was oropharyngeal (n = 146, 60.8%) and squamous cell carcinoma in origin (n = 232, 97.9%). Of head and neck cancer patients diagnosed with new onset dysphagia or a dysphagia related diagnosis, nine (3.8%) were diagnosed at six months to 1 year, 12 (5.1%) at 1-2 years, and 17 (7.1%) at greater than 2 years. The mean radiation dose to the larynx was 43.8Gy (Gy) (± 14.5) and statistically significant across time the periods (p = 0.018, η2 = 0.161). No difference was found between age, HPV status, T stage, smoking history, or tumor site. The majority of head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiation who developed dysphagia did so within the acute time period (during treatment and up to 6 months post treatment). However, a substantial proportion of patients also developed dysphagia in later time periods (16%). The incidence of dysphagia in certain time periods may be impacted by laryngeal radiation dose. Therefore, we recommend long term monitoring/screening of these patients so early intervention can occur.

Abstract 4138397: Gender Difference in Prevalence and Survival of Pulmonary Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study of 502,173 UK Biobank Participants

Background: Research into pulmonary hypertension (PH) reveals significant sex-based disparities in long-term survival rates. Notably, women, despite being more susceptible to PH, often experience better survival outcomes than men—a phenomenon possibly linked to the "estrogen paradox." This study leverages the comprehensive UK Biobank to examine the role of sex in influencing these outcomes. By exploring differences in PH incidence and survival rates across genders, our research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms at play and inform more effective, gender-specific analysis. Methods: This prospective cohort study utilized data from the UK Biobank, with baseline assessment between 2006 and 2010 and follow-up until November 30, 2023, for England and Scotland, and May 31, 2022, for Wales. Through diagnostic codes, medical records, and imaging studies, 3,296 PH cases and 497,580 cases without PH were identified . We followed them for the mortality rates over a period of 10 years. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models to assess sex-specific survival differences, adjusting for confounders like age, BMI, ethnic, menopause, smoking status, and comorbidities. Results: During 7,978,349 person-years of follow-up, of 502,173 participants in this prospective cohort, 3,296 were diagnosed with PH, while 497,580 did not receive the PH diagnosis. The prevalence of PH in the male cohort and the female cohort were 0.76% (1743 of 228,991 men) and 0.57% (1553 of 273,182 women), respectively, with significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001). In the PH cohort, the mortality rates of patients were 47.06%. In the male patients with PH, the mortality rate was significantly higher than the female PH patients (51.78% vs. 41.53%, p<0.001). After stratifying women into menopause and no-menopause group, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that even the age of male group was significantly younger than the menopause group (p<0.001), the male still had worse survival situation. Conclusion: To conclude, the prevalence of PH in the male participants was significantly higher than the female participants. While the mortality rate in the male participants was also significantly higher than the female participants.

Abstract 4145828: The Interplay Between Exercise Load, Myocardial fibrosis, Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Background: An increased prevalence of myocardial ventricular fibrosis, ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias has been reported amongst highly trained endurance athletes, but trials investigating these adverse phenotypes in adequately sized and accurately phenotyped cohorts are largely lacking. We aimed to define the prevalence of ventricular fibrosis, ventricular systolic dysfunction, arrhythmia and their interplay in healthy endurance athletes. Methods: We analysed a male cohort of 244 young elite endurance athletes (20yr), 134 middle-aged recreational athletes (56yr) and 65 middle-aged non-athletic controls (55yr). CMR assessed for non-hinge point and hinge point late gadolinium enhancement (NH-LGE and H-LGE) and LVEF and RVEF. 24-hour Holter was performed to assess ventricular arrhythmia. Complex arrhythmia was defined as couplets, triplets and NSVT. Exercise load was based on questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression assessed the relationship between exercise load, LGE, ventricular systolic dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmia. Results: Middle-aged athletes had more NH-LGE (19.4% vs 9.2% vs 4.5%, p<0.001) and H-LGE (29.9% vs 13.8% vs 15.6%, p=0.002) than middle-aged controls and young athletes respectively. Lifetime hours of endurance exercise and age increased the odds of NH-LGE (OR 1.034, 95% CI 1.001-1.069, p=0.044 and OR 1.032, 95% CI 1.006-1.058, p=0.014). A LVEF<50% and/or RVEF<45% was more prevalent in middle-aged and young athletes compared to controls (23.1% % vs 20.5% vs 7.7%, p=0.029). A higher lifetime training load increased the odds of RVEF<45% (OR 1.059, 95% CI 1.014-1.105, p=0.009). LGE did not predict LVEF>50% or RVEF<45%. Both complex arrhythmia and a burden of >0.1% VPB were more prevalent in middle-aged athletes compared to young athletes but not compared to controls (26.1% vs 9.8% vs 12.3%, p<0.001 and 13.6% vs 4.9% vs 7.7%, p=0.012 respectively). NH-LGE and RVEF<45% increased the odds of VPB burden >0.1%. (OR 3.845, 95% CI 1.465-10.089, p=0.006 and OR 5.230, 95% CI 1.698-16.106, p=0.004 respectively). Conclusion: NH-LGE is associated with exercise load and more prevalent in middle-aged athletes compared to younger athletes and age-matched controls. When present, LGE is not associated with a reduced ventricular function. On the other hand, NH-LGE and reduced RVEF are risk factors for increased ventricular ectopic burden and middle-aged athletes show significantly more complex arrhythmia compared to younger athletes.

Disability trends in Spain by sex: An Age-Period-Cohort analysis

ObjectivesDisability is a complex concept, and generally refers to a situation where the carrying out of daily routines and social interactions is made more difficult for people. Despite research suggesting an increase in disability worldwide, there are few studies that afford a longitudinal perspective, with most focused exclusively on older populations. This study takes a generational perspective with the aim of analyzing the trend of disability in Spain Study designAge-period-cohort analysis. MethodTo address a gap in the existing research, this study carries out an Age-Period-Cohort analysis to examine disability time-trends in Spain by sex, using data from various cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1999 (n = 218,185), 2008 (n = 258,187), and 2020 (n = 164,254). ResultsThe results of this study contribute to knowledge of disability time-trends, and provide overall-population scope and sex differentials. While age was found to be the primary factor in an increase in disability, this study afforded insight into a decline in disability over period, observed after removing the age effect. Further, after controlling for age and period, significant differences in the prevalence of disability by cohort were observed. Differences by sex were found, with differing patterns of disability observed for female and male cohorts. This study also found an increase in the prevalence of disability in the youngest cohort, despite a general decrease in disability for generations born after 1960. ConclusionsBetween generational cohorts, there are differing patterns for the prevalence of disability which cannot be explained by age, or by the period through which the cohort has lived.

Penile circumference in the Chinese population measured by Rigiscan

Background: This study aimed to assess the penile circumference in its flaccid and erect states using a Rigiscan monitoring device and Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation (AVSS) within a large Chinese male cohort to establish an objective standard. Methods: 1,134 men participated between January 2019 and June 2021. 803 men, achieving a hardness of 80% or more, were included. Circumferences of the penis’ base and tip in its flaccid and erect states were documented, and averages were compared across age groups and Chinese regions. Age-related correlations were explored. Results: Flaccid penile base and tip averaged 7.25 ± 0.60 cm and 7.20 ± 0.71 cm. At 80% erection, they were 9.70 ± 0.65 cm and 9.65 ± 0.75 cm. The increase in circumference from flaccid to 80% erect for the base and tip was approximately 25.31% and 25.47%, respectively. Correlations between flaccid and erect states were significant (tip: R = 0.807, base: R = 0.828, both p < 0.01). No significant age or regional variations in penile circumference were found. Conclusion: Our data on 803 subjects measured with Rigiscan showed that penile circumferences in flaccid and erect states show a strong correlation, in Chinese population. Penile size does not seem significantly influenced by age or region.

Prevalence and implications of fragile X premutation screening in Thailand

The fragile X premutation is a public health concern worldwide. Implementing a comprehensive screening program for FMR1 premutation alleles could empower individuals and families with information, supporting informed health decisions and potentially reducing the incidence of fragile X syndrome (FXS). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FMR1 premutations in the Thai population. We screened 369 female blood donors and 449 males with tremor and/or ataxia who tested negative for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, and 3 for FMR1 CGG repeat expansions. Among the female blood donors, 0.27% (1/369) had a premutation allele, and 1.08% (4/369) had intermediate alleles. One female with a premutation carrier had 89 CGG repeats with one AGG interruption. In the male cohort, no premutations or full mutations were found; however, intermediate alleles were identified in 0.67% (3/449) of the males. This study provides the evidence of fragile X premutation screening in the Thai population. These findings contribute to the understanding of FMR1 premutation prevalence in Thailand and should encourage wider discussions on the feasibility for a national fragile X carrier screening program in Thailand to reduce the burden of fragile X-associated disorders.

The association of second-hand smoke with hypertension among adult males in Bali, Indonesia

Second-hand smoke (SHS), also known as passive smoking, is a widely accepted risk factor for hypertension. This study aimed to determine the association of SHS and hypertension among a cohort of adult males in Bali, Indonesia. A nation-wide cross-sectional study of males aged ≥18 years was included in the study. We included 7,087 males in this study out of 14,494 subjects in Bali, that participated in the Indonesian Basic Health Survey (IBHS) 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the association. The prevalence of hypertension among male adults was 32.3%. Among the hypertensive males, about 20.9% of the subjects was exposed to SHS. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant association between SHS (OR=1.16; 95%CI,1.02-1.32) and hypertension with adjusted odd ratio of age (aOR=1.03; 95%CI,1.02-1.04) and residence (aOR=1.10; 95%CI,0.99-1.23). The prevalence of hypertension among older males who were exposed to SHS was higher among urban residents. A public health campaign of anti-smoking is urgently needed to increase awareness of SHS exposure among older males who live in urban areas.

Clinical characteristics of male patients with breast cancer in the Latino population.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in Mexico, with male breast cancer accounting for only 1% of all breast cancer cases. A limited number of studies have described the clinical-pathological profiles of males with breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries. This study presents an analysis of patients with breast cancer seen at three different institutions in México. A retrospective review of the medical records was performed to analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of 49 men diagnosed with breast cancer and their overall survival. The mean age at diagnosis was 64.65years. A significant proportion of patients presented at diagnosis with stage IV disease (n = 11, 22.45%), had triple-negative subtype (n = 6, 12.24%), and nuclear grade III (n = 20, 40.8%). Primary endocrine resistance was observed in 10 patients (31.25%). Genetic analysis was performed on 24 patients (48.9%), revealing a germline BRCA pathogenic variant in 8.33%. Our findings described the clinical and pathological profile of breast cancer in a male cohort in Mexico, with a significantly high proportion of advanced disease, triple-negative subtype, nuclear grade III, and endocrine resistance. Further comprehensive studies, including research into somatic mutations, are needed.

HPV vaccination in Croatia (2016-2023): Increased vaccine uptake and declining sex disparities

Abstract Background The Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer, and is associated with the development of vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and head and neck cancer. The availability of the HPV vaccine has enabled generations of young people to be protected from HPV-related cancers. In 2016, a national immunization program targeting 14-year-old girls and boys has been initiated in Croatia. To date, systematic data on HPV vaccination coverage (VC) in Croatia is lacking. This study aims to determine HPV VC, examine trends in HPV vaccination in Croatia from 2016 to 2023 in the context of the national vaccination program, and assess differences between sexes. Methods The study is designed as a retrospective analysis covering the data from 2016 to 2023, collected from primary healthcare providers. HPV VC within 2000-2008 birth cohorts (BC) are analyzed for all vaccinated with at least one dose and assessed by sex. The trend in HPV vaccination is shown using joinpoint regression. The chi-square for trend is used to compare the vaccination coverage of females (FVC) and males (MVC). The rate ratio between FVC and MVC is calculated. Results HPV VR increased significantly among observed BCs from 6,44 % in 2000 BC to 44,22 % in 2008 BC (FVC rose from 10,67 % to 52,78 %, and males MVC from 2,47 % to 36,05 %). Joinpoint analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in all birth cohorts, while the steeper increase is seen in 2000-2006 BCs (APC = 35,47, P &amp;lt; 0,05) than in 2006-2008 BCs (APC = 13,93, P &amp;lt; 0,05). FVC is significantly higher than MVC in all birth cohorts (Extended Mantel-Haenszel chi-square for linear trend = 809.23, P &amp;lt; 0,001). The highest FVC/MVC rate ratio was observed in the initial 2000 BC (4,31), and the lowest in the last 2008 BC (1,46). Conclusions In Croatia, HPV VC continuously increases among observed BCs. The positive trend is present in both sexes, and the rate ratio between female and male cohorts is decreasing. Key messages • The study presents a systematical overview of HPV vaccination coverage in Croatia from the beginning of the national immunization program, which is crucial for monitoring progress. • In the following years, if the revealed trends persist or advance, Croatia could be closer to reaching Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan concerning eliminating HPV-related diseases.

Acute myocardial infarction leads to distinct sex differences in the coding transcriptome of human monocytes with a potential impact in disease aetiopathology

Abstract Background Immune responses are intricately linked to human disease, not only during pathogenic infections but also in sterile injury events such as in cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis is the main driver leading to coronary artery disease (CAD) and subsequent development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure. The vital role of monocytes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is well established. In the onset of AMI, monocytes act as first responders, both in the inflammatory and tissue repair phases. It is now apparent that sex-specific differences in the inflammatory responses leading to AMI impact the severity and outcome of patients. Yet, the immune responses during AMI have been under-investigated in women, often under-represented in clinical studies, and more research in this topic is required. Purpose Identification of sex-specific differences in the coding transcriptome of monocytes subpopulations in the onset of AMI compared to matched healthy subjects and CAD patients. Methods We isolated monocytes from male and female AMI patients, CAD patients and healthy controls. FACS sorting of monocytes (CD14 and CD16) resulted into classical, intermediate, and non-classical subpopulations. We performed ribosomal depletion and bulk Illumina RNA sequencing for each monocyte subpopulation. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were calculated using specific R packages. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed with Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Other computational tools were used to determine enrichment of genes linked to GWAS identified in cardiovascular diseases or to infer pathway responsive genes upon perturbation (Progeny). Network comparison and visualization were performed using Cytoscape platform. Results Whereas observing a clear overlap of most pathways such as homeostasis, regulation of signalling cascades and inflammatory response, we also identified other pathways contrasting strongly between both sexes. In fact, TGF beta/ SMAD signalling, wound healing and epithelial to mesenchymal transition are increased in female cells. On the contrast the more pro-inflammatory BMP/SMAD signalling is increased in male cells accompanied by decreased respiratory electron transport and translation. Additionally, when comparing our data to signatures identified in trauma patients, we observe clear mapping of our gene sets, which are upregulated in AMI, with the first 3 trauma associated signatures, whereas one of the signatures associated to homeostasis associates clearly with our CAD data as well as the healthy subjects. Conclusions Human monocytes display a specific coding transcriptome and certain pathways are differentially expressed in AMI and differ greatly between male and female cohorts. Interestingly, our DEG map closely to trauma associated signatures, highlighting potential similarities in disease aetiopathology between trauma and AMI patients.

Gender differences in the use of coronary computed tomography angiography, functional testing, coronary angiography, revascularization, and outcomes - a 10-year Danish, nationwide, registry-based foll

Abstract Background and aims Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) serves as a noninvasive imaging modality, that guides downstream preventive and invasive treatment. However, differences in its use in relation to gender has not been investigated. Methods This nationwide register-based cohort study investigated all residents in Denmark between 2008 and 2018, consisting of individuals aged 50-80 years without coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population was stratified into male and female cohorts (n = 1469724). The outcomes included CCTA, functional testing, invasive coronary angiography (ICA), myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results Among individuals who underwent CCTA, a slightly higher use was observed among females (absolute risk [AR] 4.2% individuals aged ≥50-59 years, AR 4.1% individuals aged ≥60-69 years, and AR 2.3% individuals aged ≥70-80 years) compared to males (absolute risk [AR] 4.0% individuals aged ≥50-59 years, AR 3.6% individuals aged ≥60-69 years, and AR 2.3% individuals aged ≥70-80 years). Conversely, the use of functional testing, were lower among females (AR 4.5% individuals aged ≥50-59 years, AR 5.2% individuals aged ≥60-69 years, and AR 4.3% individuals aged ≥70-80 years) compared to males (AR 6.2% individuals aged ≥50-59 years, AR 7.1% individuals aged ≥60-69 years, and AR 6.3% individuals aged ≥70-80 years), similar differences were observed for ICA, revascularization, MI risks, and MACCE. Conclusion Men were less likely to undergo CCTA compared to women. Conversely, use of functional testing, ICA, and revascularization along with an increased risk of MI or MACCE were higher in men.Figure 1

Increased risk of infective endocarditis following transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P)

Abstract Background Transient bacteremia is a well-known complication of transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). Still, the associated risk of bacteremia and subsequent infective endocarditis (endocarditis) after TUR-P has been sparsely examined. Purpose To examine the risk of bacteremia and infective endocarditis following TUR-P. Methods We identified all patients who underwent TUR-P between 2010-2020 with ICD-10 codes from Danish nationwide registries. Patients were compared to an age-matched cohort of males from the general population (1:1 match-ratio). We defined a 6-month exposure window following TUR-P and examined the risk of bacteremia and endocarditis within the first 6 months and compared with the following 6-12 months after TUR-P. Microbiology findings were based on complete data on blood culture results. Incidences of bacteremia and endocarditis were calculated, and groups were compared with cumulative incidences. To account for predisposing endocarditis risk factors, multivariable time-dependent Cox regression analyses were performed on the associated risk of bacteremia and endocarditis. Results In total, 25.781 patients underwent TUR-P. Median age was 70.7 years (IQR: 64.9-76.3). Incidence of bacteremia was higher in the TUR-P group than the control group (727.47 [681.49-776.56] per 10,000 person years vs 84.75 [95% CI: 70.19-102.35)] per 10,000 person years). Incidence of endocarditis was also higher in the TUR-P group than the control group (34.64 [95% CI: 25.78-46.55] per 10,000 person years vs 3.14 [95% CI: 1.18-8.35] per 10,000 person years). In 72.7% of endocarditis-cases, Enterococcus Faecalis was the disease-causing pathogen in the TUR-P group. As compared with an age-matched control group, we found an increased associated risk of bacteremia in patients undergoing TUR-P within the first 6 months from the procedure (adj. HR: 7.72 [95% CI: 6.25-9.53]) and the increased risk persisted within the following 6-12 months (adj. HR 2.31 [95% CI: 1.83-2.91]). TUR-P was also associated with endocarditis within 6 months from the procedure (8.16 [95% CI 3.06-21.79]), but not significantly the following 6-12 months after (2.15 [95% CI: 0.91-5.07]) as compared with the age-matched control group. Conclusion Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) is associated with an almost 8 times increased risk of bacteremia and an 8 times increased risk of infective endocarditis. Our findings emphasize the necessity for development of better preventive strategies against infective endocarditis after TUR-P.Risk of endocarditis post-TUR-P

The Secondary Sex Ratio and Male Mortality at Pre-Reproductive Ages: A Test of Selection In Utero.

The secondary sex ratio (i.e., the ratio of male to female live births; hereafter referred to as the SSR) falls in populations encountering ambient stressors. Much theory and some empirical work indicates that males born to low SSR cohorts may be "positively selected" in that excess culling in utero may correspond with greater than expected survival among live-born males in that cohort. We extend prior work by testing, in historical Utah, whether the SSR varies positively with male mortality at pre-reproductive ages. This study uses detailed records from the Utah Population Database to focus on Utahns born 1850-1940. We use rigorous time-series methods, which control for strong secular declines in mortality as well as ambient perturbations shared equally among males and females, to investigate the male culling inference. We observe a positive relation between the SSR and male mortality during youth (i.e., 5 to < 20 years; p < 0.05) but not in infancy or early childhood. In this historical population, the SSR appears to gauge hardiness of surviving male cohorts. However, whether the high fertility and/or family structure context of Latter-day Saints in historical Utah explains the age-specific pattern of male mortality warrants further scrutiny.

Correlation between obesity and income: A statistical analysis using linear regression models

Abstract. The rate of obesity across the world has seen a steady increase in the past several decades. This disease can lead to significant harm associated with ones body functioning and mental health. The potential causes of obesity incorporate social, environmental, and personal factors. This article attempts to cover the correlation between obesity and income level using a linear regression model. Samples were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey about 545 individuals from 2017 to 2020. The dataset was subdivided into four cohorts, which include non-Hispanic White male, non-Hispanic White female, non-Hispanic Black male, and non-Hispanic Black female, respectively, to avoid variables that might confound with the explanatory variable. The study found out that the correlation for White male, White female, and Black female can be either positive, negative, or non-existent, and positive on the other hand for the Black male cohort. However, the study concluded that the linear regression model is ineffective for the topic of analysis as the metrics indicate. The incompatibility of the model can be attributed to the fact that other variables that can possibly confound with the explanatory variable are neglected and not filtered out.

Meta-Analysis and DIA-MS-Based Proteomic Investigation of COPD Patients and Asymptomatic Smokers in the Indian Population.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is India's second largest cause of death and is largely caused by smoking. Asymptomatic smokers develop COPD due to genetic, environmental, and molecular variables, making early screening crucial. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) based-proteomics offers an unbiased method to analyze proteomic profiles. This study is the first to use DIA-based proteomics to analyze individual serum samples from three distinct male cohorts: healthy individuals (n = 10), asymptomatic smokers (n = 10), and COPD patients (n = 10). This comprehensive approach identified 667 proteins with a 1% false discovery rate. Differentially expressed proteins included 40 in the normal versus asymptomatic comparison, 88 in the COPD versus normal comparison, and 40 in the COPD versus asymptomatic comparison. Among them, protein-associated genes such as PRDX6, ELANE, PRKCSH, PRTN3, and MNDA could help differentiate COPD from asymptomatic smokers, while ELANE, H3-3A, IGHE, SLC4A1, and SERPINA11 could differentiate COPD from healthy subjects. Pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses revealed significant alterations in hemostasis, immune system functions, fibrin clot formation, and post-translational protein modifications. Key proteins were validated using a parallel reaction monitoring assay. DIA data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD055242. Our findings reveal key protein classifiers in COPD patients, asymptomatic smokers, and healthy individuals, helping clinicians understand disease pathobiology and improve disease management and quality of life.

Perspectives and Misconceptions of an Online Adult Male Cohort Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening.

Congruent with most guideline publishers, the Canadian Urological Association (CUA) recommends shared decision-making (SDM) on PSA screening (PSAS) for prostate cancer (PCa) following a discussion of its benefits and harms. However, there are limited data on how the general male population feels about these topics. A survey was completed by 906 male-identifying participants (age > 18) recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), which is a crowdsourcing platform providing minimal compensation. Participants answered questions regarding demographics (15), personal/family history (9), PCa/PSA knowledge (41), and opinions regarding PSAS (45). The median age was 38.2 (SD = 12.0), with 22% reporting a family history of PCa and 20% reporting personally undergoing PSAS. Although most participants had heard of PCa (85%) and that they could be screened for it (81%), they generally did not feel knowledgeable about PCa or PSAS guidelines. Most want to talk to their clinician about PCa and PSAS (74%) and are supportive of SDM (48%) or patient-centered decision-making (25%). In general, participants thought PSAS was still worthwhile, even if it led to additional testing or side effects. Similarly, participants thought higher-risk patients should be screened earlier (p < 0.001). A number of misconceptions were evident in the responses. Men approaching the age of PSAS do not feel knowledgeable about PCa or PSAS and want their clinician to discuss these topics with them. The majority believe in PSAS and would like to undergo this screening following SDM. Clinicians also have a role in correcting common misconceptions about PCa.

Prognostic value of the fat-free mass index-based cachexia index in patients with colorectal cancer

Studies have shown that the cachexia index (CXI) is a useful predictor of cachexia in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the application of the CXI is limited stemming from the intricacy and additional cost of radiographic examinations. This study aimed to develop an easy-to-use and practical CXI based on fat-free mass index (FFMI-CXI) to evaluate the prognostic value of FFMI-CXI in CRC. A total of 656 patients with CRC were enrolled in the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) study. The FFMI-CXI was calculated as [FFMI (kg)/height (m)2 × serum albumin (g/L)]/neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. The cutoff value for FFMI-CXI was determined through the analysis of ROC curves and Youden’s index for both male and female cohorts. Kaplan–Meier survival curves with log-rank tests were conducted to compare time–event relationships between different groups. Cox proportional hazards regression models incorporating both univariate and multivariate variables were employed to explore the independent prognostic factors associated with OS. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of the FFMI-CXI with secondary outcomes. The major outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS). Based on the cutoff values, 331 patients had low FFMI-CXI, and 325 patients had high FFMI-CXI. Patients in the low FFMI-CXI subgroup were significantly older and had advanced TNM stage, malnutrition, high systemic inflammation, long hospitalizations, high hospitalization costs, adverse short-term outcomes, and all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that FFMI-CXI (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.33–0.66; p < 0.001) and TNM stage (HR 3.38, 95% CI 2.63–4.35; p < 0.001) were independently associated with OS in CRC patients. K-M survival curves revealed that the CRC patients with a high FFMI-CXI had significantly more favorable OS than those with low FFMI-CXI (62.84% vs. 84.31%; log-rank p < 0.001). Furthermore, the FFMI-CXI was valuable for predicting 90-day outcomes, malnutrition, cancer cachexia, length of hospitalization, and hospitalization expenses. This study revealed that the FFMI-CXI can be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with CRC. Patients with low FFMI-CXI should receive more attention.

Correlation between body mass index and gender-specific 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study.

To investigate the potential correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the 28-day mortality rate among sepsis patients and the gender difference in this association. The current research was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 14,883 male and female cohorts of sepsis patients were included in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV V2.2) database. Patients in each gender cohort were further classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese according to BMI and the World Health Organization (WHO) BMI categories. The 28-day mortality from the date of ICU hospitalization was the primary outcome measure. The BMI and 28-day mortality exhibited an L-shaped relationship (p for nonlinearity <0.001) with significant gender-specific differences. Subgroup analysis revealed different association patterns between the male and female cohorts. Specifically, BMI and mortality exhibited a U-shaped curve relationship among the males (p for nonlinearity <0.001) and an L-shaped relationship among the females (p for nonlinearity = 0.045). This study proposes a link between extreme BMI and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Underweight patients have an increased risk of mortality; however, this risk decreases in overweight and obese patients. Upon stratifying by sex, a U-shaped pattern was observed, indicating an association between BMI and 28-day mortality in males, while an L-shaped pattern emerged in females.

6777 Exploring the comorbidity in males with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism unveils a pattern mirroring that of Turner syndrome

Abstract Disclosure: K. Stochholm: None. C.H. Gravholt: None. A. Berglund: None. Background: Males with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism are rare with an apparent prevalence of 6 per 100,000 newborn males. Knowledge about associated health outcomes are limited. Females with 45,X/46,XY fall under the Turner syndrome diagnosis but males do not. Aim: To investigate the comorbidity pattern in a national cohort of males with 45,X/46,XY. Methods: Morbidity were investigated using Cox regression analysis on administratively longitudinally collected registry data regarding hospital diagnoses, prescribed medication, and surgery codes. Data were retrieved for all males diagnosed with 45,X/46,XY from 1960 to 2018 (n=135) and for 13,500 age-matched males from the general population, who served as comparator. Results: 45,X/46,XY was associated an increased overall risk of receiving a hospital diagnosis (HR: 1.6, CI: 1.3-1.9), being prescribed medication (HR: 1.2, CI: 1.03-1.5), and undergoing a surgical procedure (HR: 1.8, CI: 1.4-2.1). Dividing hospital diagnoses into 18 chapters according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), 45,X/46,XY had a significantly increased risk of diagnoses in all but three chapters. Among diagnoses with a significantly increased risk were gonadal dysfunction (HR=63.7, CI: 34.8-116.9), short stature (HR=24.7, CI: 10.0-60.6), pubertal disorders (HR=25.8, CI:7.2-92.6), type 1 (HR=4.1, CI: 1.8-9.4) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (HR=3.4, CI: 1.7-6.6), thyroid disorders (HR=3.8, CI: 1.4-10.4), obesity (HR=4.4, CI: 2.3-8.2), osteoporosis and osteopenia (HR=5.4, CI: 2.4-12.3), hearing loss (HR=2.2, CI: 1.3-3.8), otitis media (HR=1.6, CI: 1.3-1.9), ischemic heart disease (HR=2.4, CI: 1.3-4.4), hypertension (HR=2.3, CI: 1.4-3.9), inflammatory bowel disease (HR=2.5, CI: 1.2-5.4), cryptorchidism (HR=11.9, CI: 7.8-17.8), hypospadias (25.9, CI: 14.0-47.8), testis cancer (HR=6.4, CI: 2.0-20.6), infertility (HR=23.5, CI: 16.0-34.4), gynecomastia (HR=4.6, CI: 1.7-12.5), horse shoe kidney (HR=177,8, CI: 16.1-1968.8), coarctation of the aortae (HR=66.0, CI: 11.0-394.9), and bicuspid aortic valve (HR=53.4, CI: 12.7-223.7). Conclusion: Males with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism exhibit heightened morbidity, evidenced by a notable surge in hospital diagnoses, prescribed medications, and surgical interventions. This increased morbidity is linked to a broad spectrum of diseases, showcasing a comorbidity pattern reminiscent of Turner syndrome. This study emphasizes the need for systematic follow-up in individuals with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, highlighting the imperative for proactive healthcare management in this population. Presentation: 6/1/2024