Males In Age Group Research Articles

Temporal trends in age and stage-specific incidence of colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia: A registry-based cohort study between 1997 and 2017

BackgroundIn Saudi Arabia, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in men and the third in women, posing a significant health burden. A comprehensive report of CRC incidence rates and trends in Saudi Arabia is lacking. This study aims to examine trends in CRC incidence among the Saudi population. MethodsWe used data from the Saudi Cancer Registry to examine CRC age-specific incidence rates (ASIR) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) between 1997 and 2017. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to determine the magnitude and direction of observed trends stratified by age, sex, and CRC stage at diagnosis. Trends were measured using the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in CRC incidence rates. ResultsIn total, 19,463 new CRC cases were identified during the study period. Since 1997, ASR for CRC has steadily increased in men and women overall, irrespective of disease stages. The ASIR increased across all age groups and was more pronounced in older patients. Women aged 40–49 had a higher increase in incidence than men (AAPC= 5.3 % vs.4.7 %). Males aged 70–79 had an AAPC of 10.2 %, twice that of females (AAPC= 4.9 %). A consistent rise in ASIR was observed across all CRC stages and age groups in males and females. In recent years, males under 50 had a higher APC for distant CRC than females, while females aged 50–74 experienced a steeper increase in distant CRC than males. ConclusionWe report a marked increase in the incidence of CRC over time in Saudi Arabia, affecting men and women across all age groups and disease stages at diagnosis. Our findings underscore the need to identify underlying risk factors and to develop and implement effective prevention policies and strategies, including screening programs to facilitate early detection and treatment.

Using Routinely Collected Health Data to Estimate the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in Colombia.

With an increasing prevalence, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. However, a percentage of potentially modifiable cases have been reported. This article describes the prevalence of four of these potentially modifiable risk factors: hearing loss, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and hypertension. Descriptive cross-sectional study with data from 2018 to 2022, using the Colombian health system database SISPRO. The population of this study consisted of all people within the age range 50-100 with a main diagnosis of AD according to the ICD-10 codes. Subjects were divided by decades, and the prevalence ratio (PR) for the outcome of AD and each of its potentially modifiable risk factors was then calculated and adjusted by age using the Mantel-Haenszel formula. 167,556 cases of AD were identified, with 66.4% being females. Peak age was in octogenarians, and the five-years period prevalence for people older than 50 was 12.6 cases/1000 people. The PRs showed a positive association for all risk factors, except obesity. Following age correction, obesity's PR value shifted to positive in males and overall population but remained negative for females. The highest post-correction PR in the overall population was hypertension (1.44), followed by DM (1.34), hearing loss (1.31) and obesity (1.12). Notably, PRs had a greater magnitude in younger and male age groups. The results of this study are consistent with the fact that the prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors is higher within the group of people with AD as their main diagnosis.

Prevailing Ages in Acute, Recurrent and Chronic Urinary Tract Infections in Iraq, Kirkuk City

Background: Acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections are a major public health concern and occur in all age groups of males and females. They are a major and serious health problem that may lead to the subsequent development of serious symptoms with increased resistance to antibiotics.Aim: This study aimed to identify the most vulnerable ages in acute, recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections and the most common age groups for infection in Kirkuk cityMaterials and Methods: 151 urine samples were collected from patients with urinary tract infections who visited private clinics in Kirkuk Governorate. They were diagnosed by a urologist for the period from December 2022 to October 2023. The patients' ages ranged from 21-76 years. Microscopic examination, laboratory tests, culture and isolation of pathogens were performed to confirm the patients' cases.Results: In the current study, the number of male patients with urinary tract infections was 62, representing 41.1%, while the number of females was 89, representing 58.9%. The condition was diagnosed as acute, recurrent, or chronic. The results of the current study showed, that the number of samples for patients with acute urinary tract infections was 91 samples, representing 60.3% for both males and females. The number of males was 37, representing 40.7%, and the number of females was 54, representing 3.59%. As for the cases of patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, the percentage of males was 42.6%, with 23, while the percentage of females was 57.4%, with 31 samples. As for patients with chronic urinary tract infections, the percentage of males was 33.3%, with 2, while the percentage of females was 66.7%, with 4 samples. As for the age groups most affected by these cases, the ages ranged between 42-51, where the numbers were 62, with a percentage of 41.1%, followed by the age group 21-32 years, where the numbers were 42, with a percentage of 28.8%. In general, female infections were higher than males.Conclusion: This study, which was conducted on urinary tract patients in Kirkuk Governorate, showed that ages 42-51 years and ages 21-32 years are the most vulnerable groups to acute, chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections.

Comparison between pancreatojejunostomy and pancreaticogastrostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy in a gastroenterology and hepatology teaching hospital

Background: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a surgical procedure used to treat diseases of the pancreatic Head, the distal common bile duct (CBD), and the duodenum, as well as trauma to the head of the pancreas. Once the pancreatic head and the duodenum are resected, the surgeon needs to reconnect the stomach, the biliary tract, and the pancreatic stump. The technique for reconstructing the biliary tract is fairly standard, represented by the anastomosis of the CBD to the jejunum, but the reconstruction of the pancreatic stump is a matter of debate. In general, two procedures can be used: pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), which is an anastomosis between the pancreatic stump and the jejunum, and pancreaticogastrostomy (PG), which is an anastomosis between the pancreatic stump and the stomach. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the impact of PJ and PG on the occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), morbidity, and mortality following PD. Patients and Methods: This study took place between April 1, 2021 and April 1, 2023 at Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City. The cases in the study were designed prospectively. It is a comparison between PG and PJ after undergoing Whipple surgery. A total of 30 patients were selected and divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 16 patients who underwent PJ, while the second group consisted of 14 patients who underwent PG. The cases were prepared in the surgical consultation clinic. On the one hand, through PG, it was determined whether the texture of the pancreas was soft and the size of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was less than 3 mm. On the other hand, through PJ, it was determined whether the texture of the pancreas was firm or hard and the size of the MPD was more than 3 mm. Results: The age group of males and females ranged from 11 to 68 (median 57) years. There were a total of 16 males and 14 females. The ampullary tumor was present in 11 patients of the PJ group and 7 patients of the PG group. Histopathology of tumors showed adenocarcinoma in 13 patients of the PJ group and in 6 patients of the PG group. POPF occurred in 3 patients of the PJ group, type A in 1 patient and type B in 2 patients, and no POPF was observed in the PG group. Hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient of the PG group and 2 patients of the PJ group. Delayed gastric emptying occurred in 5 patients: 3 patients of the PJ group (type A) and 2 patients of the PG group. SSI (surgical site infection) occurred in 7 patients: 5 patients of the PJ and 2 patients of the PG group. Finally, mortality occurred in 3 patients of the PJ group. Conclusion: Pancreatic intestinal anastomosis must be tailored to the surgeon's preferences and experience level, and any innovative technique that reduces the prevalence of POPF is welcome in pancreatic surgery. PG seems to be associated with less POPF, morbidity, and mortality than PJ after undergoing Whipple surgery, especially given the soft texture of the pancreas and the size of the MPD < 3 mm. Recommendations: 1. Because our study included a limited number of samples, further prospective randomized studies with larger samples are required to confirm that PG had fewer complications. 2 Surgeons should be encouraged to use PG more frequently in the future.

Burden and impact of substance abuse among epileptic patients attending epilepsy outpatient clinic

BackgroundTo date, the burden and impact of substance use among epileptic patients were studied in a small number of studies and showed inconsistent findings, which may be attributed to the variation in age, test batteries, epilepsy subtypes, and substance use characteristics across research. The aim of the study was to determine the burden and impact of substance abuse among a sample of epileptic patients attending Alexandria University outpatient clinics. This study was conducted on 200 epileptic patients (100 male and 100 female patients). The diagnosis of epilepsy in those patients was confirmed by expert neurologists. Using the international league against epilepsy 2017 classification, they underwent a complete physical examination. EEG was done for all patients. Every patient was assessed using a semi-structured interview and a self-designed questionnaire to collect data concerning history of epilepsy, seizure type, EEG findings, as well as questions derived from the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). The Timeline between epilepsy and substance abuse, as well as the Effect of substance intake on epileptic seizures, were assessed.ResultsA total of 27 epileptic patients had a history of substance abuse; hence, the percentage of substance use among epileptic patients was 13.5%. Mean age in the male age group was (29.74 ± 11.52) years and (27.34 ± 9.35) years in females; mean seizure frequency per month was higher among males than females and this was statistically significant (P = 0.037*). More male (24%) than females (3%) had history of substance use and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001*). Regarding the Effect of substance intake on epileptic seizures, the male group (91.7%) had Seizure worsening, while in the female group, all three patients (100%) had seizures worsening with substance use. The mean Frequency of seizures was 4.48 ± 5.08 attacks per month for substance users and 2.49 ± 3.84 attacks per month for non-users; this was statistically significant. (t = 2.392) (P = 0.018*). Non-substance use patients had better compliance to treatment (79%) in comparison to 44.4%) of Substance use patients and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001*).ConclusionDrug abuse can have a negative impact on epilepsy in both sexes regarding seizure severity frequency, and even compliance with medication.

Increased trends in reported sexually transmitted infections according to age groups and sex in Spain, 2016–2022

Objective Our objective was to assess trends in three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) – gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis – in Spain, by age group and sex from 2016 to 2022. Study design Retrospective observational study Methods Data from epidemiological surveillance system were used to calculate the incidence rate for each STIs by age group and sex. Poisson regression was employed to examine the trends for 2016 to 2022. Results For gonorrhoea, higher incidence rates were observed among men than women for all period. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) varied between 1.14 (95% CI 1.12–1.16) for the 15–19 age group to 1.24 (1.23–1.25) for the 35–44 age group among men, and between 1.14 (1.09–1.19) for 55 years or more to 1.27 (1.24–1.29) for the 15–19 age group among women. For chlamydia, women showed higher incidence rate for all age groups than men during the period. Individuals aged 55 years and over showed the highest increase, IRR = 1.30 (1.27–1.34) for men, while it was the lowest for women, IRR = 1.22 (1.16–1.27). The incidence rates for syphilis were lower than for the other STIs. IRR values varied between 1.04 (1.02–1.06) in the 20–24 age group and 1.15 (1.14–1.16) in the 35–44 age group for males; and between 1.13 (1.06–1.16) for the 25–34 age group and 1.18 (1.13–1.25) for the 25–34 age group for females. Conclusion STIs are more frequent in people aged 25–34 and are increasing in all age groups. However, the rise is most pronounced among older men and among younger women.

Spinal pain prevalence and associated determinants: A population-based study using the National Survey for Wales.

Spinal pain (SP) remains the leading cause of disability worldwide. The present study aimed to establish a current prevalence of SP and associated determinants in Wales by retrospectively analyzing data from the National Survey for Wales Dataset (NSWD). The NSWD is a large-scale cross-sectional, representative sample of adults across Wales, UK. A univariable and multivariable regression analysis was carried out on self-reported answers to health and well-being questions contained within the NSWD (2016-2020) to determine the strength of association of various determinants and comorbidities related to spinal pain. A total population of 38,954 of adults were included in the analysis. The study population included interview responses of 21,735 females and 17,219 males. The prevalence of SP in Wales was 4.95% (95% CI: 4.74%-5.15%) with a total of 847 males (4.92%, CI: 4.60%-5.24%) and 1082 females (4.98%, CI: 4.69%-5.27%) reporting spinal pain. The age group with the highest prevalence of SP was in the 70+ years age group for both males (5.44%, CI: 4.82%-6.07%) and females (5.95%, CI: 5.37%-6.54%). The strength of association between age and SP reaches its peak at 50-59 years with an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of 3.74 (p = <0.001), that decreases slightly at 60-69 years and 70+ years. For various comorbidities included in the NSWD, significant associations with SP were confirmed for: mental illness (aOR = 1.42, p = <0.001), migraine (aOR = 2.73, p = <0.001), nervous system issues (aOR = 1.61, p = <0.001), arthritis (aOR = 1.30, p = <0.001) and issues with bones/joints/muscles (aOR = 1.93, p = <0.001). For lifestyle factors, associations were confirmed for current smokers (aOR = 1.41, p = <0.001) and ex-smokers (aOR = 1.23, p = 0.003). This study demonstrates a low prevalence of SP in Wales when compared to global estimates and strong associations to a variety of determinants. This still represents a significant societal burden and these findings may help inform public health initiatives to encourage prevention and evidence-based interventional strategies and ultimately, improve the quality of life for those suffering with SP in Wales.

Trends and gender differentials in age-specific suicide mortality, 2004-2020, Cyprus

Abstract Background Cyprus is rarely included in international studies of suicide trends and the only published national data is two decades old. In the context of the first National Strategy for Mental Health, this study assessed suicide trends in 2004-2020, spanning the 2008 global and 2012-2013 Cyprus financial recessions, but falling short of the COVID-19 pandemic due to delays in recording. Methods Suicide deaths were obtained from the Mortality Registry (ICD-10, including “undetermined”). Directly standardized rates were calculated for four gender/age groups. Annual change was estimated in Poisson regression models with interaction terms to assess differential trends over time periods. Results There were 560 deaths (4-times more in men, &amp;gt;80% classified as ‘violent’ in both genders). In men, the suicide rate doubled from 4-5 to 9-10 per 100000, with most of the increase prior to 2012, representing 9% annual change (Rate Ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15; p = 0.002). From 2013, the trend reversed (effect modification p-value &amp;lt; 0.001) with 4% annual decrease (95% CI -9%, 1%). Declines were not uniform across age-groups; rates in males aged 45-64 continued to rise, surpassing the previously high rate in males 25-44. In women, rates presented a declining trajectory from 4-5 per 100000 to 2-3 over this period, widening the gender differential. M-to-F ratio was 5.33 (95% CI 3.46, 8.19) in 2017-2020 compared to 2.73 (1.88, 3.95) in 2004-2008. A shift to violent methods was observed, with hanging now ranking as most common in both females (1 in 3) and males (1 in 2). Conclusions While relatively lower compared to other European countries, the gender differential in suicide mortality has widened in Cyprus, with steep rises in all male age-groups up to 2012 and continuing rises in males 45-64, but declines in female rates over the same period. Further analysis of trends in relation to unemployment and other socio-economic indicators is warranted as well as continuous monitoring of trends. Key messages • After steep rises in suicide across all male age-groups up to 2012, against a declining trajectory in female rates, rates in males 45-64 continued to rise, further widening the gender differential. • The age profiling and shift towards more violent methods in both genders should inform the first National Strategy for Mental Health, while continuous monitoring of trends is warranted.

Impacts of PM2.5 exposure near cement facilities on human health and years of life lost: A case study in Brazil

Cement factories significantly contribute to atmospheric pollution by generating fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can potentially increase the mortality risk. The lack of information on the health impacts of PM2.5 pollution from cement operations in Brazil prompted this investigation. We used corrected PM2.5 measurements from low-cost sensors from March 2021 to October 2022 in Rio Branco do Sul, city in the southern region of the country and home to Latin America's largest cement plant, to assess exposure data. Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) method was applied to estimate the years of life lost (YLL) and cost estimate due to deaths from non-accidental causes, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The total YLL attributable to PM2.5 concentration was estimated by calculating the attributable fraction (AF) through relative risk. We also collected PM2.5 using a Harvard impactor to evaluate health risks from toxic metals components. During the study period, the analysis of chemical characterization of PM2.5 showed enrichment factors for most elements and the possible influence of the calcination process facilities on the PM2.5 levels. The mean concentration of PM2.5 exceeded the annual WHO air quality guideline (AQG) level, accounted for 3.5%, 4.7%, and 4.3% of total YLL from all causes, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases, which corresponded to 0.23 (95% CI: 0.17–0.26), 0.06 (95% CI: 0.05–0.07) and 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.06) years loss in life expectancy, respectively. An indirect health cost attributable to PM2.5 resulted in US$ 1.4 million, equivalent to about 3.5% of the total local annual health costs in Rio Branco do Sul, underscoring the significant financial burden of PM2.5 exposures. The greatest economic loss was found in the male age group of 40–69 years and among those with cardiovascular disease, rather than those with respiratory disease. Despite this, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from inhalation of hazardous elements were within safe ranges. This work demonstrated PurpleAir's potential for air quality and public health applications. Our findings indicate health and economic benefits from reducing PM2.5 levels by adopting WHO air pollution standards. The results can guide policies toward delivering more effective health care.

Insights Of Cardiac Changes In Sudden Deaths In Kalaburagi District- An Autopsy Study.

Introduction: Sudden and unexpected death often arises as a complication of diverse cardiac ailments. The occurrence of sudden cardiac-related deaths is increasingly prevalent in both urban and rural settings. This surge presents a formidable challenge for forensic physicians tasked with conducting autopsies to ascertain the precise cause and manner of death, particularly in individuals previously considered healthy. Consequently, this study aims to shed light on infrequent lesions that may go unnoticed during the individual's lifetime, offering valuable insights into this phenomenon. Aims and Objectives of the study: 1) To study the demographic distribution of cardiac specimens of sudden death. 2) To study the histomorphology features in cardiac specimens in sudden death. 3) To grade the atherosclerotic lesions as per Modified American Heart Association Classification of Atherosclerotic Lesion. Materials and method: This is a retrospective study of 3 years from December 2020 to November 2023.The data of medicolegal autopsies was retrieved from the records of department of Pathology, Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi. A total of 371 medicolegal autopsy specimens were received in the department. Out of which 114 cardiac specimens (sent with other organs) of sudden death were studied. Results: Out of 114 cases of sudden death, 57% of the deaths occurred in outdoor location and remaining 43% occurred in hospitalized patients and homes. The commonest age group of sudden cardiac death was 31 to 40 years of age (27%). We found males were affected more commonly (84%) than females. The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease (74.6%) followed by myocardial infarction (7.6%). Conclusion: The most common cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease, which is common in young males (age group 31-40 years).

Assessment of Adverse Effects Associated with Antipsychotics in Patients with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia causes major disruptions in a person's life, making it challenging to go to work or school, maintain a routine, interact with others, finish daily duties, or take care of oneself. This study aimed to assess adverse effects of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. This study is relevant in identifying the side effects and improving the treatment options which HELPs reducing side effects and improved quality of life of patients. Antipsychotic drugs can lessen or alleviate psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. Antipsychotic medications can have side effects that range from being mildly unpleasant to extremely unpleasant. A total of 42 patients complying the inclusion criteria were included in the study among which The majority were in the age group of 35-44 and with male gender dominanc. The study observed no significant relationship between the occurrence of the side effects and age but found to have a significant relation between weight gain and male gender. The drug which was most prescribed was Risperidone, followed by Olanzapine. From this study it was evident that, side effects such as akathisia, tremors, insomnia, weight gain, dizziness, weight gain etc was due to second generation antipsychotics from usage over a longer period of time. This study observed that male age groups were more prone to get weight gain as side effect while taking second generation side effects. While no significant comparison with age was found. The study concluded that adverse effect can be attenuated by alternating the drugs instead of long term usage.

Body Composition, Nutritional Status, and Socio-Demographic Factors Among University Students and Teachers in Bangladesh: A Pilot Study

BackgroundBody composition, particularly visceral fat content, is regarded as an important determinant of major metabolic disorder. People with similar BMI could have differential body fat and muscle composition with different metabolic outcome. Epidemiological research largely focuses on BMI or relative body weight across the range of height and waist hip ratio (WHR) as a index of central body shape; however, body composition has hitherto given little importance in Bangladesh. Therefore, we designed a small pilot cross sectional study to assess anthropometrics, the body composition by bioelectrical impedance and nutritional status and its differences among students and teacher of Islamic University, Bangladesh. MethodsA total of 133 participants (median age of 22.51±3.86 years), students and teachers, were recruited. In addition to BMI and waist-hip ratio (WHR), a body composition analyzer (based on bioelectrical impedance) was used to determine the body composition parameter. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, T test and Pearson correlations were done. ResultsConsiderable differences were observed among various age groups and genders. Most of the respondents had a higher metabolic age (definition) than the chronological age, and 42.86% had high fat percentage. Male had lower body fat (19.56% vs 26.29%) but more visceral fat (4.96% vs 4.32) than female. Visceral fat was significantly (p<0.001) raised in older age groups than younger ones (10.26% vs 4.33%, P<0.05). The cut-off values of BMI were normal in range for both genders, and WHR for male and female were 0.83 and 0.81 respectively. Body protein, muscle, water, moisture, and abio-salt content were higher at the age of 40 years, and female respondents had the lowest ones compared to males. ConclusionUnhealthy visceral fat was higher in male and older age group. A healthy level of all body composition parameters was observed in young age groups compared to the older ones.

A comprehensive study of risk factors predicting hydrocephalus following decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injuries

IntroductionDecompressive craniectomy [DC] is one of the leading armaments to lower refractory intracranial pressure. Post-DC hydrocephalus [PDCH] occurs in 11.9–36% of patients undergoing DCs for TBIs. Various theories have been given regarding pathophysiological mechanism of PDCH but remain dubious. Risk factors predicting PDCH still under research. Exact timeline regarding developmental process of PDCH remains undefined.MethodThis retrospective study was conducted on 422 patients who underwent DCs in our tertiary care trauma center over the period of one year. 60 patients out of 422 who developed PDCH were analyzed with respect to demographic variables and preoperative and postoperative risk factors. A total of 20 randomly selected patients, who underwent DCs but did not develop hydrocephalus, were selected and compared with patients who developed PDCH. Outcome analysis was done by dichotomizing the groups into independent and dependent groups.ResultsAmong 422 patients undergoing DC, 14.21%[n = 60] developed PDCH. Younger [34.2 y vs 43.3 y, p = 0.0004] male age group was predominant in our study. Age [p = 0.021, multivariate analysis] and midline shift [p = 0.008, multivariate analysis] were significant preoperative predicting risk factors for PDCH. Interhemispheric hygroma [p = 0.031], brain bulge [ p = 0.008], and blood in postoperative scan [p = 0.029] were significant postoperative risk factors. Lower GCS score at admission [p = 0.0003], postoperative day 10 and at the time of establishment of PDCH were significantly predicted surgery to hydrocephalus time. Midline shift [p = 0.007] and thickness of interhemispheric hygroma [p = 0.021] were associated with poor outcome in patients with PDCH.ConclusionYounger age group and presence of midline shift are significant preoperative predictors of PDCH. Blood in postoperative scan, interhemispheric hygroma and brain bulge in postoperative period are significant predictors for PDCH. Deterioration in GCS score in postoperative period following DC should be taken as high index of suspicion for developing PDCH.

The Mediating Role of Social Interaction Between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement Among University Students

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of parenting styles in social interaction and academic achievements among university students, with a specific focus on the mediating role of social interaction. Additionally, the study examines the impact of demographic variables such as gender on these relationships. A sample of 250 students (156 females and 94 males) age group 19 to 30 was selected by random sampling method from Government College University Faisalabad. In study the Parenting Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) with 30 items to assess parenting styles and the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) with 24 items to measure social interactions are used to collect the data.Correlational analysis run to measure the relationship of parenting behavior, social interaction and academic achievements. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant relationships among various parenting styles, academic and social interaction scales. Authoritative parenting emerged as the most beneficial style positively influencing both social interaction and academic achievement.Authoritarian parenting, while showing some positive correlation with social interaction, did not demonstrate a significant positive impact on academic achievement. This suggests that while the structured and disciplined environment created by authoritarian parents may foster certain social skills, it might also create an environment that restricts creativity, critical thinking, and the intrinsic motivation needed for academic success. To see the mediating role of social interaction, run the regression analysis. Analysis suggests that while parenting style significantly predicts social interaction, social interaction does not appear to mediate the relationship of parenting style and academic performance. To measure out the gender differences,run independent samples t-test that analysis suggests both males and females have similar levels of social interaction skills and there is no significant difference in PAQ scores between males and females (t = 0.589, p = .498). This indicates that there are no significant effects of parenting styles on gender differences.

Hip adduction and abduction strength values in elite-level male and female youth soccer players: A comparison between sexes, and across age-groups

ObjectivesTo report isometric hip adduction squeeze and abduction press strength values of elite-level youth male and female soccer players and examine if differences exist between sexes, and age-groups. DesignCross-sectional cohort study. SettingElite youth soccer academy. Participants102 soccer players (n = 64; male, n = 38 female) competing in the national youth soccer leagues from under (U) 14–19 years of age level (U-14, U-15, U-17, U-19). Main outcome measuresIsometric hip adduction and abduction strength values were measured with a ForceFrame in various testing positions. ResultsIsometric hip adduction and abduction strength values are presented. Male U-17 and U-19 players demonstrated significantly greater (p < 0.05) absolute(N) and relative (N/kg) hip adduction and abduction strength than their female counterparts, with large (η2 = 0.068–0.227) and medium-to-large (η2 = 0.049–0.234) effect size, respectively. Significant differences in absolute strength, but not relative strength, were observed for hip adduction and abduction between male age-groups (U-14, U-15, U-17, U-19), with hip abduction strength differences only existing between U-14 and U-17 groups. No significant differences in hip strength were observed between U-17 and U-19 groups for female players. ConclusionMale youth soccer players have higher absolute and relative hip adduction and abduction strength than females at the U-17 and U-19 level.

Frequency of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antibiotic Resistance Among Children

Background: Childhood urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent diseases. In recent years, the overuse of common antibiotics has increased antibiotic resistance among urinary tract pathogens worldwide, with changes in the pattern of microbial resistance varying by geographical area and time. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the pattern of microbial resistance of UTI pathogens in pediatric patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children aged &lt; 13 years with UTI and positive urine cultures, who were admitted to Bahrami Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2015 and 2019, were evaluated. The pathogens' frequency, their antimicrobial resistance, and clinical and demographic information were extracted from the patients' files. Statistical relationships between clinical and demographic data and antibiotic resistance were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: The files of 202 patients were evaluated. The majority of patients were female (79.2%). UTI was more common among the 12 - 60 months age group (36.3%) in females and the 1 - 12 months age group (50%) in males. The most common UTI pathogen was Escherichia coli (85.1%). The lowest rates of microbial resistance were related to Meropenem (0% resistance), Gentamicin (9.2%), and Amikacin (10.8%). Conversely, the highest resistance rates were observed for Cotrimoxazole (74.6%), Ampicillin (74.5%), and Cephalothin (64.9%). Conclusions: UTI is more common in females aged 1 to 60 months. E. coli is the most common cause of UTI. Microbial resistance to antibiotics used for empirical treatment, such as ceftriaxone, is high and changes over time. It is recommended to use alternative antibiotics and avoid the inappropriate administration of antibiotics.

Assessment on Mental Health among Males Age Group 18-23 Years: A Study from Tamilnadu, India

Mental illnesses change a person's thoughts, perceptions, and consciousness about themselves, other people, and the outside world through a variety of experiences and occurrences of differing intensities. The core components of human identity are emotion, perception, cognition, and action, and these are the key areas that are affected by mental illnesses. At Sree Ramakrishna Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences and Hospital kulasekharam, Tamil Nadu, India, this study was carried out. Male participants in the study range in age from 18 to 23. Verbal consent was obtained when the study's purpose was explained. This questionnaire had thirty responses. There were thirty questions in the survey. The elements of the questionnaire addressed exercise, sleep, thoughts, eating habits, gadget use, and addictions. The male volunteers were excluded from the study due to their unwillingness or lack of cooperation. According to our research, they need greater knowledge on eating a good diet, getting enough sleep, and drinking enough water, as well as about the harmful impacts of emotions and the problems they can bring. More guidance on mental health and mental strengthening exercises is required.

Mating behaviour in ageing Teratorhabditis palmarum (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

ABSTRACT Teratorhabditis palmarum Gerber and Giblin-Davis, 1990, a free-living nematode, is able to produce hundreds of thousands of offspring in a short time. Reproduction is the main feature that defines life and, therefore, it plays an important role in determining what kinds of selective parameters play a powerful role in the maturity and evolution of mating systems. In the present study, we estimated the features of mating behaviour of Teratorhabditis using long-time microscopic videography and repeated observations. The mating behaviour of Teratorhabditis could be separated into a series of successive behaviours, including pre-mating (searching and contacting), mating (copulating) and post-mating (enduring). Here, we present the mating behaviour of 2- and 10-day-old virgin males and females. The mean time of the four phases – searching, contacting, copulating and enduring – varied significantly, at 24.6 ± 4.6 min, 36 ± 5.7 min, 31 ± 4.1 min and 10 ± 2.3 min in 2-day-old and 38.2 ± 3.3 min, 44.3 ± 5.0 min, 39 ± 4.3 min and 11 ± 3.2 min in 10-day-old individuals, respectively. Attraction between the sexes was observed, indicating the probable involvement of sex pheromone(s) in mating behaviour. In all age groups of males there was a significant increase in the duration of mating as the females aged. As the mobility of ageing individuals was reduced, this may have directly influenced the durations of the various phases of mating behaviour.

Decadal Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Economically Developed Regions in China.

To estimate decadal trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in economically developed regions in China and its association with city economic levels. Using a comprehensive Chinese healthcare database, repeated cross-sectional studies were conducted on adults who had annual health check-ups from 2012 to 2021 in 4 economically developed cities. MetS was defined by the criteria of the Chinese Diabetes Society in 2013. The crude prevalence of MetS adjusted for sex and age was reported. The association between prevalence, calendar year, and city gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was analyzed by regression model. 158 274 participants aged 18 years and older were included. The unadjusted prevalence of MetS increased from 15.5% (95% CI: 14.2%-16.8%) to 20.0% (95% CI: 19.5%-20.5%) from 2012 to 2021. The adjusted overall prevalence has increased steadily from 12.8% to 20.8% after controlling age and sex (P < .001). Male and older age groups had a higher MetS prevalence. In the regression model of the association between the MetS prevalence, calendar year, and city GDP per capita, calendar year had a positive association with the prevalence (P < .001, 95% CI: 0.648-1.954) and city GDP per capita had a negative association (P = .030, 95% CI: -0.136 to -0.007). The MetS prevalence increased steadily in the economically developed regions in China among the health check-up population during 2012-2021. The MetS prevalence is shown to be negatively associated with GDP per capita in the study population.

Sociodemographic features, serum urea, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in chronic kidney disease patients – A record based retrospective study

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive reduction in renal function. It is a condition where the kidneys lose their normal function, especially excretory and regulatory functions. Urea and creatinine are good indicators of a normal functioning kidney and an increase in the serum indicates kidney dysfunction. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine are widely accepted and the most common parameters to assess renal functions. The present study was done to assess the serum urea, creatinine levels, and BUN-creatinine ratio (BCR) in CKD subjects. Material and Methods: It was a record-based retrospective study. Data were obtained from the Medical Records Department. The patients diagnosed with CKD in August 2023 were extracted from the records. Details such as hospital ID, age, gender, and blood parameters such as serum urea, creatinine levels, and BCR were obtained. Categorical data were summarized as frequency (percentage). Results: It was found that the number of male patients was 24 (75.4%) and the number of female patients was 14 (24.6%). The majority of patients belonging to the age group category of 50–75 were 42 in number (73.6%). Abnormal creatinine values were found in 54 patients (94.7%). Conclusion: The present study found that male gender and age group 50–75 years were most commonly affected with CKD. The serum creatinine level was found to be predominately abnormal compared to the serum urea level and BCR.