Adult Male Research Articles

Use of capture–recapture models to evaluate abundance and dynamics of a stocked Muskellunge population

AbstractTo evaluate the success of a stocking program in Fox Lake, Minnesota, adult (≥76 cm total length) Muskellunge were captured with large nearshore trap nets and individually marked with passive integrated transponder tags during the 2011–2013 and 2015–2017 spawning seasons; then, capture–recapture data were analyzed at two different time scales. Despite substantial sampling effort, daily capture histories within a single season only supported closed‐population abundance estimates for both sexes in half the years; estimates were imprecise, and there was evidence of trap shyness or violation of the short‐term closure assumption in some years. Jolly–Seber models over all years supported relatively precise abundance estimates for both sexes every year, as well as estimates of annual survival, recruitment, and population growth rate. Link–Barker Jolly–Seber models provided estimates of population growth rate λ ≈ 1 indicating that per‐capita annual recruitment rates of only about 0.15–0.20 were adequate to maintain the adult population given the high annual apparent survival rates of 0.80 for adult females and 0.89 for adult males. POPAN Jolly–Seber models revealed that about 80 adult females and 90–126 adult males were vulnerable to capture each year in the 385 ha lake, and about 16–18 fish of each sex recruited to the adult population annually. This study illustrates the importance of open‐population models with multiple years of data to evaluate the abundance and population dynamics of a low‐density, long‐lived species.

Melatonin attenuates affective disorders and cognitive deficits induced by perinatal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide via antioxidant pathway in adult male and female rats.

The massive use of herbicides, particularly glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), raises several worries, notably their neurotoxic effects. Several studies have explored the consequences of developmental exposure. Our work aims to determine the impact of maternal exposure to GBH on behavioral disorders and memory deficits, as well as the involvement of oxidative stress in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, our study explores the neuroprotective properties of melatonin in male and female offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with GBH 75 mg/kg during gestation and lactation. After weaning, the offspring were treated with melatonin (4mg/kg) from postnatal days 30-58. Our results show that GBH increases anxiety-like behavior levels in offspring, as well as depression-like behavior. GBH also impairs working memory in progeny. While markers of oxidative stress show a disturbance in lipid peroxidation and catalase activity, with a more pronounced effect in females, on the other hand, melatonin considerably attenuated the neurotoxic impact observed in the offspring, with higher efficacy in females. The oxidative stress results confirm the antioxidant power of melatonin to counteract the damaging effects of exposure to environmental contaminants such as glyphosate-based pesticides. It will then be interesting to further our work to fully understand the sex-dependent effect of melatonin.

Repeatability of alkaline inorganic phosphate quantification in the skeletal muscle using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T.

The detection of a secondary inorganic phosphate (Pi) resonance, a possible marker of mitochondrial content in vivo, using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS), poses technical challenges at 3Tesla (T). Overcoming these challenges is imperative for the integration of this biomarker into clinical research. To evaluate the repeatability and reliability of measuring resting skeletal muscle alkaline Pi (Pialk) using with 31P-MRS at 3 T. After an initial set of experiments on five subjects to optimize the sequence, resting 31P-MRS of the quadriceps muscles were acquired on two visits (~4days apart) using an intra-subjects design, from 13 sedentary to moderately active young male and female adults (22 ± 3years old) within a whole-body 3T MR system. Measurement variability attributed to changes in coil position, shimming procedure, and spectral analysis were quantified. 31P-MRS data were acquired with a 31P/-proton (1H) dual-tuned surface coil positioned on the quadriceps using a pulse-acquire sequence. Test-retest absolute and relative repeatability was analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. After sequence parameter optimization, Pialk demonstrated high intra-subject repeatability (CV: 10.6 ± 5.4%, ICC: 0.80). Proximo-distal change in coil position along the length of the quadriceps introduced Pialk quantitation variability (CV: 28 ± 5%), due to magnetic field inhomogeneity with more distal coil locations. In contrast, Pialk measurement variability due to repeated shims from the same muscle volume (0.40 ± 0.09mM; CV: 6.6%), and automated spectral processing (0.37 ± 0.01mM; CV: 2.3%), was minor. The quantification of Pialk in skeletal muscle via surface coil 31P-MRS at 3T demonstrated excellent reproducibility. However, caution is advised against placing the coil at the distal part of the quadriceps to mitigate shimming inhomogeneity.

Cloning, identification, and functional analysis of foxl2 gene and its expression after 17β‐estradiol (E2) treatment in Dabry’s sturgeon, Acipenser dabryanus

The study focuses on the critically endangered Dabry’s sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus), a species on the brink of extinction in the wild. This research investigates the role of the Forkhead box protein L2 (foxl2) in the gonadal development and differentiation of this species. The foxl2 gene, known for its role in various physiological processes, including sexual maturation, is hypothesized to play a significant role in the sex differentiation of Dabry’s sturgeon. This study cloned the full-length cds sequence of the foxl2 gene and analyzed its expression across various tissues, focusing on its response to estradiol treatment. Our findings indicate that foxl2 is predominantly expressed in ovaries and shows a dose-dependent response to estradiol, suggesting its potential role in ovarian differentiation. This research underscores the importance of foxl2 in understanding reproductive biology and offers a foundation for future conservation strategies.

Understanding the Lifestyle Risk Profile of Men and Their Engagement With Preventive Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

To explore men's health status and lifestyle risk profile and understand how they engage with preventive health care. A cross-sectional survey within a sequential mixed-methods project. Four hundred thirty-one adult males, working or volunteering for the New South Wales Rural Fire Service (NSW RFS) completed the survey between September and November 2022. The survey captured demographic data, health status and lifestyle characteristics, as well as engagement with preventive health care. Nearly three-quarters of respondents (n = 314; 72.8%) described themselves as being in good or very good health. Just 18.6% of respondents recorded a 'healthy' body mass index (BMI), despite only 29.9% having been told by a doctor that they were overweight/obese. Most (n = 344; 79.8%) respondents identified having a regular general practitioner (GP)/general practice. Nearly all respondents described having had blood pressure measurements (n = 403; 93.5%) and lipid profile (n = 346, 80.3%) in the last 2 years. Having a regular GP/general practice was significantly associated with engaging in all preventive and screening activities, except having a dental check. Our findings demonstrate a significant opportunity to support men to reduce lifestyle risk, despite their current engagement with general practice. Strategies need to support men and health professionals to have conversations about risk and risk reduction to promote behaviour change. Nurses are well placed to provide preventive health care to men in general practice. The general practice nurse has a key role in communicating lifestyle risk, supporting patients in modifying their behaviours and reducing the impact of such factors on their health and well-being. Communicating the importance of lifestyle risk factors is imperative in supporting men to achieve behavioural change in the reduction in lifestyle risk. Nurses are well-placed to take a leading role in this area. The STROBE checklist guided reporting. Survey development was undertaken in collaboration with members of the NSW RFS. Key contacts within the organisation were involved in reviewing the analysis and interpretation of findings.

"A diamond-shaped" penoplasty technique with or without concurrent suprapubic liposuction for adult-acquired buried penis: clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction rates.

Various techniques have been described for reconstructing the skin of the penile shaft; however, no universally accepted standard exists for correcting buried penis in adults. We aimed to describe a new technique for correcting an adult-acquired buried penis through a diamond-shaped incision at the penopubic junction. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients treated with our technique between March 2019 and June 2023 in the Department of Andrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (Nanjing, China). Forty-two adult males with buried penises, with a mean (±standard deviation [s.d.]) age of 26.6 (±6.6) years, underwent surgery. All patients were obese, with an average (±s.d.) body mass index of 35.56 (±3.23) kg m-2. In addition to phalloplasty, 32 patients concurrently underwent circumcision, and 28 underwent suprapubic liposuction. The mean (±s.d.) duration of the operation was 98.02 (±13.28) min. The mean (±s.d.) duration of follow-up was 6.71 (±3.43) months. The length in the flaccid unstretched state postoperatively was significantly greater than that preoperatively (mean ± s.d: 5.55±1.19 cm vs 1.94±0.59 cm, P < 0.01). Only minor complications, such as wound disruption (7.1%) and infection (4.8%), were observed. The mean (±s.d.) score of patient satisfaction was 4.02 (±0.84) on a scale of 5. This technique provides excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes with a minimal risk of complications. However, additional clinical studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of this procedure.

Methanolic extract of Euphorbia resinifera propolis improves cognitive functions in adult male rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress

Methanolic extract of Euphorbia resinifera propolis improves cognitive functions in adult male rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress

Experimental Periodontitis Worsens Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration.

To investigate the hypothesis supporting the link between periodontitis and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Adult male Wistar rats were used to induce dopaminergic neuronal injury with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxin and experimental periodontitis via ligature placement. Motor function assessments were conducted before and after periodontitis induction in controls and 6-OHDA-injury-induced rats. Tissue samples from the striatum, jaw and blood were collected for molecular analyses, encompassing immunohistochemistry of tyrosine hydroxylase, microglia and astrocyte, as well as micro-computed tomography, to assess alveolar bone loss and for the analysis of striatal oxidative stress and plasma inflammatory markers. The results indicated motor impairment in 6-OHDA-injury-induced rats exacerbated by periodontitis, worsening dopaminergic striatal degeneration. Periodontitis alone or in combination with 6-OHDA-induced lesion was able to increase striatal microglia, while astrocytes were increased by the combination only. Periodontitis increased striatal reactive oxygen species levels and plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels in rats with 6-OHDA-induced lesions and decreased the anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. This study provides original insights into the association between periodontitis and a neurodegenerative condition. The increased inflammatory pathway associated with both 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron lesion and periodontal inflammatory processes corroborates that the periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation may aggravate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's-like disease, potentially hastening disease progression.

First record of Gravatamberus pilosus Mendes &amp; Andersen, 2008 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Argentina with the description of the adult female

The species Gravatamberus pilosus Mendes &amp; Andersen, 2008 is recorded for the first time in Argentina. The species is known from Chile and this new record should be taken as documentation of the occurrence of G. pilosus in the Eastern side of the Andes. As adult males showed differences from the original description, a description of the Argentine specimens is provided to describe their intraspecific variation. Female adults belonging to the genus Gravatamberus were collected in the same locality and are interpreted as the female of G. pilosus. Therefore, a detailed description of the female for the genus is provided for the first time.

Sexual Maturity in Children with Juvenile Dermatomyositis: How Are We Doing?

Sexual Maturity in Children with Juvenile Dermatomyositis: How Are We Doing?

HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF REPEATED MILD WEIGHT DROP AND LATERAL FLUID PERCUSSION INJURY MODELS OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN FEMALE AND MALE RATS.

In preclinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, the animal model should be selected based on the research question and outcome measures of interest. Direct side-by-side comparisons of different injury models are essential for informing such decisions. Here, we used immunohistochemistry to compare the outcomes from two common models of TBI, lateral fluid percussion (LFP) and repeated mild weight drop (rmWD) in adult female and male Wistar rats. Specifically, we measured the effects of LFP and rmWD on markers of cerebrovascular and tight junction disruption, neuroinflammation, mature neurons, and perineuronal nets in the cortical site of injury, cortex adjacent to injury, dentate gyrus, and the CA 2/3 area of the hippocampus. Animals were randomized into the LFP or rmWD group. On day 1, the LFP group received a craniotomy, and on day 4, injury (or sham procedure; randomly assigned). The rmWD animals underwent either injury or isoflurane only (randomly assigned) on each of those 4 days. Seven days after injury, brains were harvested for analysis. Overall, our observations revealed that the most significant disruptions were evident in response to LFP, followed by craniotomy only, whereas rmWD animals showed the least residual changes compared with isoflurane-only controls, supporting consideration of rmWD as a mild injury. LFP led to longer-lasting disruptions, perhaps more representative of moderate TBI. We also report that craniotomy and LFP produced greater disruptions in females relative to males. These findings will assist the field in the selection of animal models based on target severity of postinjury outcomes and support the inclusion of both sexes and appropriate control groups.

Ameliorative effects of Monascus-fermented hawthorn extract on a high-fat diet-induced rat model of alcoholic fatty liver disease

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of fermented hawthorn extract on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats, and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. MethodsA total of 42 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (given a normal feed diet and distilled water by gavage), NAFLD model (given HFD and distilled water by gavage), low-, medium-, and high-dose fermented hawthorn extract treatment groups (given HFD and different doses of fermented hawthorn extract by gavage). After 12 weeks of gavage administration, changes in body weight, liver/body weight ratio, serum liver enzymes, as well as triglyceride (TG) content and oxidative stress levels in rat liver tissues was detected. Histological evaluation was performed to observe the degree of fat accumulation (steatosis). qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1, a key enzyme associated with lipid peroxidation), and lipogenic factors (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)) in rat liver tissues. ResultsFermented hawthorn extract significantly reduced the body weight, decreased the levels of liver enzymes, improved hepatic steatosis, and exhibited obvious antioxidant effects. Fermented hawthorn extract also significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP2E1, SREBP-1c and FAS. ConclusionOur findings suggested that fermented hawthorn extract can markedly reduce body weight, ameliorate HFD-induced NAFLD in rats, and exhibits significant antioxidant effects. Its underlying mechanism may depend on the inhibition of CYP2E1, SREBP-1c, and FAS expression.

Exosomes That Have Different Cellular Origins Followed by the Impact They Have on Prostate Tumor Development in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common urinary tumor with the highest incidence rate and the second among the leading causes of death worldwide for adult males. In the worldwide cancer incidence rate, PCa is on the increase. The cancerous cells in the prostate and cells in the microenvironment surrounding the tumor communicate through signal transduction, which is crucial for the development and spread of PCa. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released into body fluids by various cells that can aid intercellular communication by releasing nucleic acids and proteins. Exosomes published by different types of cells in the tumor microenvironment can have varying impacts on the proliferation and growth of tumor cells via various signaling pathways, modes of action, and secreted cytokines. The main purpose of this review is to describe the effects of different cell-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of PCa on the progression of tumor cells, as well as to summarize and discuss the prospects for the application of exosomes in the treatment and diagnosis of PCa.

Decoding the pathogenesis of spermatogenic failure in cryptorchidism through single-cell transcriptomic profiling.

Cryptorchidism, commonly known as undescended testis, affects 1%-9% of male newborns, posing infertility and testis tumor risks. Despite its prevalence, the detailed pathophysiology underlying male infertility within cryptorchidism remains unclear. Here, we profile and analyze 46,644 single-cell transcriptomes from individual testicular cells obtained from adult males diagnosed with cryptorchidism and healthy controls. Spermatogenesis compromise in cryptorchidism links primarily to spermatogonium self-renewal and differentiation dysfunctions. We illuminate the involvement of testicular somatic cells, including immune cells, thereby unveiling the activation and degranulation of mast cells in cryptorchidism. Mast cells are identified as contributors to interstitial fibrosis via transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and cathepsin G secretion. Furthermore, significantly increased levels of secretory proteins indicate mast cell activation and testicular fibrosis in the seminal plasma of individuals with cryptorchidism compared to controls. These insights serve as valuable translational references, enriching our comprehension of testicular pathogenesis and informing more precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies for cryptorchidism.

Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome in an Adult Infertile Male: A Case Report

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of sex development characterized by the presence of Müllerian duct derived structures in a normally virilized, genotypical (46, XY) and phenotypical male. Here we describe a case of male partner of the couple who presented with primary subfertility and was diagnosed with persistent müllerian duct syndrome during investigations. Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome is a rare disease and in developing countries like Nepal, because of unaware of the disease condition and lack of proper health care facilities, such cases are diagnosed later in adult males. Therefore, this case highlights the importance of awareness and knowledge for early detection and treatment of such conditions to conserve fertility and prevent malignancy of testis and other remnant mullerian structures.

Nutritional status of khat (Catha-edulis) chewing adult males in Nakawa division, Kampala city, Uganda

Khat (Catha edulis) also known as “Mairungi” in Uganda, is a green shrub whose leaves are chewed in social gatherings and designated hotspots mainly for its euphoric effect. The socio-economic and health impacts of khat have been previously reported. However, the nutritional implications of khat chewing need to be investigated. A cross-sectional study with a descriptive approach was done to assess the nutritional status of adult male users of khat in the Nakawa division, Kampala city. Using chain sampling, khat users and hot spots were mapped, identified, and listed. Using simple random sampling, 100 khat users were targeted to consent for structured interviews and an assessment of nutritional status over a 3-month persuasion period. Anthropometric data were used to compute the Body Mass Index (BMI) and dietary information was assessed based on food groups consumed and thresholds of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). The degree of relationship among variables was statistically evaluated using, chi-square analyses and the ANOVA test. Statistical significance was considered at P &lt; 0.05. Confidentiality was observed by the use of anonymous questionnaires and coded datasheets. The majority of khat users chewed khat daily 56.0% and mixed khat chewing with other intoxicants such as alcohol 35.0%, cigarettes 15.0%, and cannabis 12.0%. The main driver towards khat chewing in Nakawa was peer pressure 60.0%. The Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was low, medium and high among 20.0%, 57.0% and 23.0% of khat users, respectively. The DDS was significantly associated with the hours spent on khat chewing X2(4) 10.156, P = 0.025 with most users spending more than four hours, and the frequency of khat chewing X2(4)14.423, P = 0.038. Of the 100 respondents, 26.0% were underweight and 3.0% were overweight. The BMI was significantly associated with age P = 0.029, marital status P = 0.023, frequency of khat chewing P = 0.038, the number of meals P = 0.013 and the dietary diversity scores P &lt; 0.001 in khat users. Khat chewing and its associated habits predispose khat users to a double jeopardy of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There should be tighter control of khat use through policy and legislation with community-based measures to regulate its demand and supply. Key words: Khat Chewing, Mairungi, Nutritional Status, Body Mass Index, Nakawa, Uganda

EFFICACY OF TWO BIOPESTICIDES NECO 50 EC AND LIMOCIDE 60 ME ON COELAENOMENODERA LAMEENSIS (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE: HISPINAE), THE MAIN PEST OF OIL PALM (DALOA, COTE DIVOIRE)

Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Hispinae), the leafminer of oil palm, is the most feared insect for this crop in Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two biopesticides (NECO 50 EC and LIMOCIDE 60 ME) on C. lameensis adults. Trials were carried out under controlled infestation on an oil palm plot at the University Jean Lorougnon Guédé in Daloa. To assess the insecticidal effect of the products, male and female adults of C. lameensis were introduced into cages placed on palms containing palm leaflets. These adults were sprayed 48 hours later, at concentrations ranging from: 1.92×10-3 to 8.33×10-3 g/ml (NECO); from 3.58×10-4 to 1.75×10-3 g/ml (LIMOCIDE) and from 3.02×10-4 to 2.07×10-3 g/ml (Sivanto Energy, chemical reference insecticide). Controls were carried out from the 1st to the 15th day after treatment. NECO 50 EC induced maximum mortality rates of 100% (females and males) from day 4 after treatment. For LIMOCIDE, concentrations of 8.9×10-4 g/ml and 1.75×10-3 g/ml respectively induced mortality rates reaching 100%(females) on days 13 and 10 post-treatment. In males, only the 1.75×10-3 g/ml concentration produced mortality rates of 100% on day 12. In the case of Sivanto Energy, mortality rates of 100% (females and males) were recorded as early as day 2 at a concentration of 8.42×10-4 g/ml. Lethal Concentrations (LC50) were 4.96×10-3 g/ml (females) and 5.37×10-3g/ml (males) for NECO, 1.15×10-3g/ml (females) and 1.38×10-3 g/ml (males) for LIMOCIDE. These two biopesticides could be used as an alternative to the abusive use of synthetic insecticides to reduce C. lameensis damage and increase palm oil production in Côte d'Ivoire.

Sex differences in reduction of trunk muscle mass related to falls and cognitive function during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults.

This study aimed to examine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical components and activity, and its relationship to physical performance in older adults. Sixty-seven participants aged 75 and older (81 ± 2 years, female: 66%), who underwent medical checkups continuously from 2018 to 2022 in one clinic, were enrolled. Muscle mass was assessed by the biometrical impedance analysis method, which was adjusted by height squared. Physical, oral, and cognitive performance data were obtained from Japanese standard questionnaires at medical checkups. Values obtained in 2018 and 2019 were defined as pre-pandemic, and those in 2021 and 2022 were defined as during the pandemic. Body weight, grip strength, and skeletal mass index did not change from 2018 to 2022, but trunk muscle mass index decreased significantly. A difference in the trunk muscle mass index (TMI) was observed between 2022 and 2018/2019 in men; however, a significant difference was found between 2021 and 2022 in women. Compared with the pre-pandemic period, TMI during the pandemic decreased only in men. The difference in TMI between the pre-pandemic period and during the pandemic (ΔTMI) was significantly decreased in participants with low physical activity and poor oral performance before the pandemic, and in those with falls and poor cognitive function during the pandemic only in men. Reduction of trunk muscle mass was related to falls and poor cognitive function during the COVID-19 pandemic in older male adults. These data suggest that the difference in response to the COVID-19 pandemic between men and women necessitates different types of support for older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

Female-biased sex ratios and delayed puberty in two fish species with different Ecologies in an Anthropogenically affected urban lake

In aquatic ecosystems, endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) pose a growing concern for their potential adverse effects on fish reproduction and development. In lake Pyhäjärvi, located in the urban boreal region of Tampere, Finland, a significant number of sexually immature pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) individuals have been identified in size and age categories that are expected to be sexually mature. To explore if this phenomenon is attributed to estrogenic endocrine disruption, we conducted a comprehensive study comparing fish from lake Pyhäjärvi with those from a nearby reference lake, lake Näsijärvi. Roach (Rutilus rutilus), known for its susceptibility to EDCs, was also included for comparison. We examined various parameters in both pikeperch and roach, including size, condition factor, age, reproductive indicators, biometric indices and gonadal histology. We also assessed liver vitellogenin mRNA levels and genetic sex in roach, and measured estrogen levels in lake waters and wastewater treatment plant effluents. Results revealed that approximately one-third of fish in both species exhibited sexual immaturity in lake Pyhäjärvi, with a female-biased sex ratio. Surprisingly, we found no signs of estrogenic endocrine disruption, indicated by the absence of intersex fish in both species. Furthermore, vitellogenin levels in roach closely resembled those in the reference lake. Estrogens were undetectable in the lake waters, suggesting that factors other than estrogenic EDCs, including other potential endocrine disruptors such as PCBs or heavy metals, may be influencing delayed sexual maturity and skewed sex ratios. Further inquiry is needed to pinpoint these underlying causes. Our study provides essential baseline information on fish sexual development in lake Pyhäjärvi, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and research to understand delayed sexual maturity and biased sex ratios. This is vital given the increasing concern about EDC impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the necessity for effective management strategies to protect these ecosystems' health and integrity.

Novel predictive factor for erectile dysfunction: systemic immune inflammation index.

Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is a global parameter that comprehensively reflects body inflammation, this study aims to assess the correlation between this index and erectile dysfunction (ED). This cross-sectional study incorporated 164 ED patients and 95 healthy adult males. The collection of general demographic information and pertinent hematological data from the participants enabled the computation of corresponding SII values. Statistical analysis, encompassing descriptive statistics as well as normality and logistic regression analyses, was carried out employing SPSS version 26. The findings of the univariate analysis revealed a noteworthy distinction in triglyceride levels (TG) (P = 0.017) and SII (P < 0.001) between ED patients and the healthy population. Subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis unveiled a significant association between SII (odd ratio (OR):1.012, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.008-1.015; P < 0.001) and the occurrence of ED. Since the impact value is not clearly visible, SII/100 is utilized to magnify the effect value one hundredfold. The regression analysis results indicate that the OR value of SII/100 is 3.171, and the 95% CI is 2.339-4.298 (P < 0.001). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis ascertained an AUC of 0.863 (P < 0.001) for SII, with a determined cut-off value of 391.53(109/L), exhibiting a sensitivity of 81.7% and specificity of 83.2%. Moreover, when comparing patients with varying degrees of ED severity, both univariate (P < 0.001) and subsequent multivariate logistic regression analyses (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.004-1.010; P < 0.001) underscored the significance of the SII value. At this point, SII/100 OR: 1.971, 95% CI: 1.508-2.576 (P < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis in this context demonstrated an AUC of 0.799 (P < 0.001), with a determined cut-off value of 746.63(109/L), featuring a sensitivity of 60.6% and specificity of 91.6%. These discerned outcomes affirm a correlation between SII and ED, establishing its potential not only in predicting the onset of ED but also in differentiating among various levels of ED severity.