Maladaptive Perfectionism Research Articles

Temperament and the Experience of Tension and Self-Injurious Behaviour in Adolescents—The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Perfectionism

Temperament and the Experience of Tension and Self-Injurious Behaviour in Adolescents—The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Perfectionism

Relationship between Filial Piety and Life Satisfaction among Young Adults in Malaysia and the UK: The Mediating Role of Perfectionism

Filial piety and perfectionism are associated with life satisfaction and are influenced by family values. This study examined the roles of filial piety beliefs and perfectionism in life satisfaction among 379 young adults aged 18 to 25 in Malaysia (n = 199) and the United Kingdom (n = 180). In both samples, reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety beliefs showed positive correlations with life satisfaction, while maladaptive perfectionism correlated negatively with life satisfaction. There was a positive correlation between adaptive perfectionism and life satisfaction only in the Malaysian sample. In both samples, adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism mediated the relationship between reciprocal filial piety and life satisfaction, but in opposite directions. That is, higher reciprocal filial piety was related to higher adaptive perfectionism and greater life satisfaction; higher reciprocal filial piety was also related to lower maladaptive perfectionism and better life satisfaction. Furthermore, maladaptive perfectionism mediated the relationship between authoritarian filial piety and life satisfaction in both samples; higher authoritarian filial piety was related to higher maladaptive perfectionism and reduced life satisfaction. However, specifically in the Malaysian sample, higher authoritarian filial piety predicted greater adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism. Findings highlight the importance of considering traditional family values, individual differences, and their interaction when evaluating subjective wellbeing.

초기 성인기의 완벽주의와 삶의 만족 관계: 향유신념과 정서인식명확성의 이중매개효과

Objectives The purpose of this study was to verify the double mediating effects of the savoring belief and the emotional perception clarity in the relationship among the perfectionism and the life satisfaction in young adults. Methods For the research objective, the self-reported questionnaire indicator targeting totally 529 early adults between the ages of 20 to 39 nationwide. The collected materials were proved the mediating effects by using SPSS, PROCESS MACRO. Results The results of this study are as follows. First, adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism, savoring belief, emotional perception, life satisfaction had meaningful correlations. Second, the savoring belief was confirmed to have a perfect mediation effect after sequentially going through the emotional recognition clarity in the relationship between the adaptive perfectionism and the life satisfaction. Third, the maladaptive perfectionism was assured to have a double mediation effect through the emotional recognition clarity in regular succession. Conclusions The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

Mindful eating and orthorexia nervosa: How do they interact?

The present study explored the associations between orthorexia nervosa, social media addiction, emotion regulation difficulties, perfectionism and BMI with four facets of mindful eating, using path analysis to assess these relationships. A sample of 551 students (127 males, 424 females, mean age = 22.6 years) completed an online self-report questionnaire evaluating these constructs. Analyses revealed that mindful eating contributed to emotion dysregulation and orthorexia nervosa and was related to social media addiction. Significant indirect paths were identified from mindful eating, social media addiction and adaptive perfectionism through emotion dysregulation to maladaptive perfectionism. While no direct paths were observed between mindful eating and perfectionism, a direct path was found between adaptive perfectionism and orthorexia nervosa. These findings suggest a more nuanced understanding of eating behaviours is required. Individuals susceptible to eating disorders should approach mindful eating with caution and seek support from healthcare providers to ensure it is used in a way that supports overall wellbeing. Future research should aim to replicate and further clarify these associations to reveal the long-term effects of mindful eating.

Fibromyalgia, perfectionism, and interpersonal style. Further evidence for a person-centered approach

Objectives. We carried out a controlled, cross-sectional investigation in patients with Fibromyalgia (FM) to determine the presence of perfectionism and three interpersonal styles, namely ‘subjugation’, ‘approval-seeking’, and ‘self-sacrifice’. Method. Several validated self-report questionnaires were filled-in by 100 female FM patients and 36 women with rheumatoid arthritis as a control group. Results. We found significantly higher scores in the FM group for all perfectionism subscales, except for the subscale ‘organization’. Moreover, FM patients scored higher for the three interpersonal styles. Conclusions. Our results support our clinical observations suggesting that maladaptive perfectionism as well as excessive other-directed interpersonal styles may be highly prevalent in patients with FM. These results add to growing evidence that a personalized, biopsychosocially oriented approach taking these factors into account may be a useful addition to standard therapy. However, the effectiveness of additional psychotherapy for FM should be further investigated.

The Relationship between Maladaptive Perfectionism and Anxiety in First-Year Undergraduate Students: A Moderated Mediation Model.

To clarify the underlying mechanism of first-year undergraduate students' maladaptive perfectionism in relation to their anxiety, this study constructs a mediating model with moderation, focusing on the investigation of the mediating role of self-compassion and the moderating role of family support. A total of 924 university students were involved in the investigation, responding to questionnaires on their maladaptive perfectionism, anxiety, self-compassion, and family support. The results showed that (1) after controlling for gender and Hukou, maladaptive perfectionism had a significant positive predictive effect on anxiety; (2) self-compassion can play a role in mediating the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and anxiety; and (3) the mediating effect of self-compassion on anxiety in terms of maladaptive perfectionism was moderated by family support. The results of this study have important theoretical value and practical significance for improving first-year undergraduate students' anxiety.

Use of the Strong Black Woman Construct in Research: An Integrative Review.

This was an integrative review of the literature on research using the strong Black woman (SBW) construct. We searched for data-based articles that mentioned SBW and examined topical areas of investigation, health outcomes and other constructs associated with SBW, and methods used to assess SBW. We found 47 articles. SBW was used to study coping with trauma (n = 11) or perceived offense (n = 10), or engaging in health-seeking behaviors (n = 10). Eighteen studies suggested that SBW was linked to several major health conditions (eg, hypertension, obesity, heart disease) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. SBW was positively correlated with undesirable coping behaviors (eg, self-silencing, maladaptive perfectionism) and negatively associated with self-compassion and help-seeking. The most common method of assessing SBW was using a structured questionnaire (n = 21). Longitudinal studies to examine the impact of SBW belief on Black women's coping with hardship were lacking.

Perfectionistic Cognitions, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Distress Among Veterinary Students

ABSTRACT Veterinary students may be at risk for experiencing mental health concerns. Some scholars have suggested that maladaptive perfectionism is a contributing factor, although little research has examined this empirically. The main objectives of this study were to explore the relationships between perfectionistic cognitions, self-compassion, and psychological distress among 472 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) students in the United States. Veterinary students reported experiencing more frequent perfectionistic cognitions than a normative non-clinical sample of college students. There were no significant differences in overall psychological distress between veterinary students and a normative clinical sample of college students seeking services at university counseling centers. Participants who reported experiencing more frequent perfectionistic cognitions also tended to report lower self-compassion and greater psychological distress. Self-compassion mediated the relationship between perfectionistic cognitions and psychological distress, which suggests that improving self-compassion may be one way of reducing the impacts of maladaptive perfectionism on veterinary students’ mental health.

How Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Effect Psychological Well-Being among University Students?: The Mediating Role of Procrastination

The principal purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of general and academic procrastination in the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and psychological well-being among university students. The sample comprises 335 undergraduate students, selected through a convenient sampling method. The instruments utilized to gather data included the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, General Procrastination Inventory, Aitken Academic Procrastination Inventory, and Psychological Well-Being Scale. In order to test the hypotheses put forward in the research, two separate parallel mediation analyses were performed. The results revealed that general procrastination fully mediated the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and psychological well-being. Furthermore, general procrastination has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and psychological well-being. The mediating role of academic procrastination was not statistically significant in the mediation model for both dimensions of perfectionism. The results also provide robust evidence to confirm the assumption that adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism are distinct constructs and that these constructs affect psychological outcomes differently.The implications for counselors and mental health professionals, as well as future research directions, are discussed in light of the limitations of the study and recommendations are made.

Comparison of Perfectionism Between Music and Medical Students and its Association with Anxiety.

Perfection is a central goal for many musicians and health professionals. The present study compared perfectionism between music and medical students to examine whether perfectionism is adaptive or maladaptive and how it evolves during university studies. Furthermore, the association between perfectionism and anxiety was investigated in both populations to determine possible implications for mental and general health. 110 music students (61 F, avg age 23.2 yrs) and 281 medical students (209 F, avg age 23.3 yrs) took part in the study. Perfectionism was surveyed using two multidimensional perfectionism scales and anxiety was measured using the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory. Subscales and total scores of the perfectionism scales were compared within and between groups and correlated with the anxiety measures. Music and medical students did not differ in their level of perfectionism. However, music students in the early semesters showed significantly (p = 0.009) stronger maladaptive perfectionism (mean 0.3, SD 1.4) than students from more senior semesters (-0.3, 1.7). Musicians from early semesters also scored higher on "parental expectations and criticism" (p = 0.04), showed more "concerns over mistakes and doubts" (p = 0.009), and perfectionism in general (p = 0.01). Analysis of the anxiety measure showed a strong correlation (rs = 0.55) between maladaptive perfectionism and anxiety for the music students. Semester and age had no influence on anxiety. Maladaptive perfectionism and adaptive perfectionism both correlated significantly with anxiety in medical students. Music and medical students had similar levels of perfectionism. Medical students maintained a consistent level of perfectionism throughout their studies, while music students were more perfectionistic at the beginning of their education. For both groups, perfectionism was significantly correlated with anxiety.

Parental Expectations and Fear of Negative Evaluation Among Indian Emerging Adults: The Mediating Role of Maladaptive Perfectionism

Background: Contrary to traditional notions of emerging adulthood as a period free from parental pressures, the prolonged transition to adulthood in contemporary society implies that parental influence remains a significant factor in the lives of emerging adults. This presents a potential challenge to emerging adults, as navigating independence while managing parental expectations can result in adverse psychological outcomes. The present study examined the relationship between perceived parental expectations and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and the mediating role of maladaptive perfectionism. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 466 emerging adults from India between 18 and 25 years old. They responded to the Perception of Parental Expectations Inventory, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism-Brief Scale, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation–Straightforward Items Scale. Results: Correlation analyses revealed significant, positive associations between perceived parental expectations, maladaptive perfectionism, and FNE. Findings from regression analyses indicated that increased perceptions of parental expectations and maladaptive perfectionism predicted increased levels of FNE. The relationship between perceived parental expectations and FNE was fully mediated by maladaptive perfectionism. Conclusion: A key reason for heightened perceptions of parental expectations associated with increased FNE is that emerging adults tend to adopt unrealistic perfectionistic standards. Maladaptive perfectionism represents a vital intervention target for individuals who perceive elevated parental expectations and are at risk for FNE, offering promising avenues for promoting well-being in emerging adults.

Do perfectionism types matter? Auditors' ability to detect fraud and the moderating role of time budget pressure: evidence from Egypt

Purpose This study aims to examine how auditors' perfectionism types and time budget pressure (TBP) influence fraud detection in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach We utilize a mixed-methods approach, combining questionnaires with an experimental case study in a within-subjects quasi-experimental design. Based on Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), perfectionism traits were categorized using cluster analysis into adaptive, maladaptive, and non-perfectionism. Auditors from Egyptian firms performed fraud-related tasks with TBP manipulated. Findings Auditors' perfectionism types significantly influence fraud detection capabilities. Adaptive perfectionists demonstrated higher relevance in identifying fraud factors and excelled in accurately assessing fraud risks and audit procedures planning. Conversely, maladaptive perfectionists identified more but less relevant factors. TBP notably impacted maladaptive and non-perfectionist auditors' planning quality, unlike adaptive perfectionists, who showed resilience. Practical implications Findings provide insights to audit firms to bolster audit quality through team formations and task assignments, harnessing the strengths of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists. Regulatory entities are positioned to integrate safeguards that recognize auditor capabilities and vulnerabilities, particularly under TBP. Considering psychological assessments in auditor selection and development assures alignment of traits with audit tasks, enhancing audit quality. Originality/value This study breaks new ground in the effects of auditor perfectionism on fraud detection, considering situational factors like TBP in emerging markets. Through a mixed-methods approach and cluster analysis, it reveals how different perfectionism traits influence audit effectiveness, offering insights not previously considered in auditing literature and suggesting practical applications for enhancing fraud detection in similar contexts.

The Investigation of The Relationship Between Perfectionism and Creative Thinking Dispositions

The multidimensional nature and the psychological aspects of perfectionism suggest that creativity could be affected by the two sides of perfectionism differently. The purpose of the current study is to explore the potential predictive powers of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism on creativity. The study group consisted of 151 college students attending a university in İstanbul. The APS Perfectionism Scale and The Marmara Creative Thinking Dispositions Scale were administered to the participants as data collection tools. The findings revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between adaptive perfectionism and creativity. On the other hand, the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and creativity as well as the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and adaptive perfectionism is significant and negative. In the regression analysis it was found out that the adaptive perfectionism predicts creativity positively and significantly (ß=.40; p<0.01), while maladaptive perfectionism predicts creativity significantly in a negative way.

Maladaptive Perfectionism at School: Development and Validation of the Studyrelated Perfectionism Scale

Maladaptive Perfectionism at School: Development and Validation of the Studyrelated Perfectionism Scale

Well-Being and Perfectionism: Assessing the Mediational Role of Self-Compassion in Emerging Adults.

The study explores how different dimensions of perfectionism influence psychological well-being (PWB) in emerging adults. Literature has deepened the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism (e.g., excessive self-criticism, perceived discrepancy from the standards) and low PWB. Less is known about whether and how adaptive perfectionism (e.g., pursuing personal standards) relates to PWB. Secondly, the study has investigated whether self-compassion (i.e., self-benevolence, seeing personal imperfections as a common condition) may mediate the relationships between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and PWB. Participants (N = 217, 18-35 y. o.) completed self-report questionnaires measuring: adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism (Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, APS-R: high standards and order/discrepancy, respectively), PWB, and self-compassion (SCS). Adaptive perfectionism was associated with PWB, particularly a higher presence of purpose in life, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, and personal growth. Conversely, discrepancy resulted in the most robust predictor of low PWB (β = -0.68), followed by high standards with a positive direction (β = 0.23; Rc2 = 0.514, p < 0.001). A strong negative association emerged between discrepancy and SCS (r = -0.67, p < 0.001). A mediation analysis shows that self-compassion has an indirect effect, reducing the strength of the relationship between discrepancy and low PWB. Results suggest focusing on self-compassion as a buffer factor that reduces the negative impact of maladaptive perfectionism on psychological well-being. Implications for education and health psychology are discussed.

Values and perfectionism: There is more beyond achievement

This study focuses on the association between basic personal values and perfectionism. It explores how the 19 values of Schwartz's refined theory are related to multiple dimensions of perfectionism. A sample of 426 young adults (57.7 % females) with a mean age of 26.03 years completed the Portrait Value Questionnaire-Revised and Hewitt and Flett's and Frost et al.'s multidimensional perfectionism scales. Results showed that values and perfectionism are meaningfully related. Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Personal Standards, two forms of perfectionism that have adaptive aspects, exhibited the highest positive correlation with Achievement. Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Concern over mistakes, two predominantly maladaptive dimensions, correlated most positively with Conformity-Interpersonal and Face. Other-oriented Perfectionism, a form of maladaptive perfectionism directed to others, correlated most positively with Power-Dominance and most negatively with Universalism-Tolerance. Organization correlated most positively with Conformity-Rules and most negatively with Stimulation. Although the observed associations were small to moderate, results from the present study add to our understanding of the compound nature of perfectionism, by providing a thorough coverage of the motivational goals underlying different forms and manifestations of perfectionism.

대학원생의 부적응적 완벽주의가 진로불안에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to confirm the dual mediating effects of generalized anxiety and faculty conflict on the impact of maladaptive perfectionism on graduate students' career anxiety.&#x0D; Methods For this study, data were collected from 354 graduate students in Seoul, Korea, and SPSS Statistics 26.0 program and SPSS PROCESS (v.4.3) macro were used to conduct correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between key variables and the dual mediating effects of generalized anxiety and faculty conflict on maladaptive perfectionism and career anxiety.&#x0D; Results First, graduate students' maladaptive perfectionism, generalized anxiety, and conflict experience with a professor showed a positive correlation with career anxiety. Second, in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and career anxiety, generalized anxiety showed a simple mediating effect. Third, generalized anxiety and conflict experience with a professor sequentially double mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and career anxiety.&#x0D; Conclusions The findings are significant in that they provide implications for counseling interventions in the process of maladaptive perfectionism's transition to career anxiety in graduate student research. Finally, the current study's implications for future graduate student research are discussed, along with limitations and implications for clinical practice.&#x0D;

Do perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy predict genitopelvic pain in the postpartum? A prospective study of new mothers.

Genitopelvic pain following childbirth is common and likely to challenge the psychological, relational, and sexual well-being of new mothers. While genitopelvic pain generally decreases during the postpartum period, personal and interpersonal characteristics may explain why genitopelvic pain persists beyond the period of physical recovery in some mothers. Body image concerns, increased stress, and relationship challenges would be particularly salient during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which could put new mothers at greater risk of sexual difficulties. Also, mothers may display a negative appraisal regarding genitopelvic pain and doubt their ability to cope with it, which may contribute to the pain. The current study aimed to examine the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived intimacy in the occurrence and change in genitopelvic pain in new mothers in postpartum. A total of 211 new mothers and their partners were recruited for a larger prospective dyadic study on the transition to parenthood. Mothers completed a single item assessing genitopelvic pain, in addition to brief validated questionnaires measuring perfectionism, body image concerns, and perceived couple intimacy during pregnancy and at 4, 8, and 12months postpartum. Five multilevel modeling analyses revealed that adaptive perfectionism, maladaptive perfectionism, and body image concerns were associated with a higher occurrence of genitopelvic pain from 4 to 12months postpartum. Mothers' and partners' perceived intimacy was not significantly related to new mothers' genitopelvic pain. None of the predictors modified the trajectory of genitopelvic pain over time. Raising awareness among health care professionals regarding the role of perfectionism and body image concerns in genitopelvic pain may help them identify new mothers at risk of chronic genitopelvic pain, while offering a new avenue of intervention. There has been little research examining the role of perfectionism, body image concerns, and intimacy in postpartum genitopelvic pain. Based on a longitudinal prospective approach, this study identified perfectionism and body image concerns as significant predictors of postpartum genitopelvic pain. However, prepregnancy genitopelvic pain, genitopelvic pain intensity, and sexual distress were not measured. Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and body image concerns are associated with new mothers' genitopelvic pain up to 12months postpartum.

Perfectionism as a Paradoxical Factor in Sport and Exercise Performance: An Umbrella Review.

Objective: Traditionally, perfectionism has been regarded as a commendable trait in the realm of sports and exercise. However, recent research has uncovered a paradoxical aspect of perfectionism in these domains. This umbrella review seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the intricate role that perfectionism plays in sport and exercise performance. Method : As an umbrella review, we systematically explored three widely used scientific databases-PubMed, Scopus, and ISI-to identify relevant systematic reviewes and meta-analyses investigating the relationship between perfectionism and sports performance. Results: After careful evaluation, eight studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. These eight eligible studies comprised five systematic reviews and three systematic review and meta-analysis publications. These publications have explored the correlation between perfectionism and sports performance in teenager and adult populations, as well as professional and amateur athletes. Most of the original articles included in these studies had a cross-sectional design and some of them were longitudinal research. All reviewed articles reported a significant correlation between perfectionism and sports performance, regardless of gender and age. In general, the main consensus of these studies is a moderate to high positive correlation between perfectionistic strivings and sports performance, as well as a moderate to high negative correlation between perfectionistic concerns and sports performance. Conclusion: In summary, perfectionism exhibits both positive and negative effects on athlete outcomes. Maladaptive perfectionism is linked to adverse consequences, while adaptive perfectionism can yield positive effects. Promisingly, psychological interventions such as mindfulness-based approaches and ACT-based interventions show potential in reducing perfectionism and enhancing athlete outcomes. Future research should delve deeper into the intricate relationship between perfectionism and athlete performance and continue to devise interventions that counteract the detrimental effects of perfectionistic tendencies.

Perfectionism, Psychological Distress, and Career Indecision Among Chinese College Students

Abstract: To aid in developing effective interventions on perfectionism, it is important to understand how different types of perfectionism may relate to psychological outcomes and identify possible mechanism explaining their relationships among Chinese college students. To address the problem, the present study examined (a) how adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism were associated with psychological distress and career indecision among Chinese college students and (b) how coping mediated the relationships between two forms of perfectionism and psychological distress and career indecision. The results of path analysis models using a sample of Chinese college students (total n = 389) indicated that (a) maladaptive perfectionism was positively associated with psychological distress ( r = .48) and career indecision ( r = .31), while adaptive perfectionism was not associated with psychological distress ( r = .12) and career indecision ( r = −.05); (b) coping served as a suppressor and fully mediated the relationships between adaptive perfectionism and psychological distress ( Bid = −.07, p &lt; .01, CI99.5 = −.17, −.04) and career indecision ( Bid = −.11, p &lt; .001, CI99.5 = −.12, −.01); and (c) coping partially mediated the relationships between maladaptive perfectionism and psychological distress ( Bid = .08, p &lt; .01, CI99.5 = .02, .15) and career indecision ( Bid = .14, p &lt; .001, CI99.5 = .06, .21). The findings suggest that different forms of perfectionism relate to psychological outcomes differently and coping is critical in explaining how perfectionism relates to psychological outcomes. Therefore, perfectionism interventions should consider the characteristics of two forms of perfectionism and the role of coping.