Majority Of Views Research Articles

Utilizing eye tracking to assess electronic health record use by pharmacists in the intensive care unit.

A study was conducted using high-fidelity electronic health record (EHR)-based simulations with incorporated eye tracking to understand the workflow of critical care pharmacists within the EHR, with specific attention to the data elements most frequently viewed. Eight critical care pharmacists were given 25 minutes to review 3 simulated intensive care unit (ICU) charts deployed in the simulation instance of the EHR. Using monitor-based eye trackers, time spent reviewing screens, clinical information accessed, and screens used to access specific information were reviewed and quantified to look for trends. Overall, pharmacists viewed 25.5 total and 15.1 unique EHR screens per case. The majority of time was spent looking at screens focused on medications, followed by screens displaying notes, laboratory values, and vital signs. With regard to medication data, the vast majority of screen visitations were to view information on opioids/sedatives and antibiotics. With regard to laboratory values, the majority of views were focused on basic chemistry and hematology data. While there was significant variance between pharmacists, individual navigation patterns remained constant across cases. The study results suggest that in addition to medication information, laboratory data and clinical notes are key focuses of ICU pharmacist review of patient records and that navigation to multiple screens is required in order to view these data with the EHR. New pharmacy-specific EHR interfaces should consolidate these elements within a primary interface.

A CT-based technique to predict optimal projection for self-expanding TAVI in patients with different aortic valve anatomies

BackgroundOptimal projection is essential for valve deployment during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The purpose of this study was to propose an approach to predict optimal projection in TAVI candidates with different aortic valve anatomies.Methods331 patients undergoing self-expanding TAVI were included and the so-called non-coronary cusp (NCC)-parallel technique was utilized, which generated the predicted projection by connecting NCC commissures on the transverse plane on the pre-procedural computed tomography images.Results37.8% of the study cohort were bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients. Around 80% of both NCC-parallel views and final views were in the right anterior oblique (RAO) and caudal (CAU) quadrant. There was less than 5° change required from the NCC-parallel view to the final implanted view in 79% of tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients but only in 27% (13/48) of type 0 BAV patients with coronary arteries originated from the different cusps. After excluding the above mentioned BAV patients, 62.3% (48/77) of BAV patients needed less than 5° change to achieve optimal projection and only in 8 patients, the angular change was larger than 10° in either left/right anterior oblique or cranial/caudal direction.ConclusionsThe NCC-parallel technique provides reliable prediction for optimal projection in self-expanding TAVI in all TAV and most BAV patients, with a vast majority of views in the RAO and CAU quadrant.

Quarter of pig farmers readily viewed information on Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs provided in a data exchange system of a Dutch slaughter company

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a food safety hazard causing a substantial human disease burden. Because infected pig meat is estimated to attribute 12 % to this disease burden, it is important to control T. gondii infection in pigs. Providing pig farmers with information on T. gondii infection in general, and more specific on the status on their farm, could motivate them to take actions. In this study, we analysed the strategy pig farmers used to view specific T. gondii information provided for the first time on webpages in an existing data exchange system of a Dutch pig slaughter company. The available information for farmers comprised a webpage displaying the farm-level T. gondii seroprevalence and a webpage with information on risk sources and control measures for T. gondii infection in pigs and on human health consequences of a T. gondii infection.A total of 1404 owners of pig farms logged in the data exchange system. Of these, a quarter viewed the webpage with information on T. gondii seroprevalence, and about of third of them also viewed the webpage with the information on risk sources and control measures. T. gondii seroprevalence exceeded 2.0 % at only 0.6 % of these 1404 farms. The seroprevalence level on a particular farm neither influenced the likelihood of the farmer viewing the webpage with the T. gondii seroprevalence, nor the likelihood of them continuing to the webpage with the additional information. In the days when the pop-up message was included, the number of views registered on the seroprevalence and the additional information webpages rose nine and two times, respectively.Since the majority of views was in the period with a pop-up message pointing to this information we conclude that a targeted pop-up might help to transfer needed information to farmers with higher T. gondii seroprevalence at farm-level. More general, our study provides valuable insight into pig farmers’ viewing strategies of new information on food safety hazards provided in a slaughter data exchange system.

YouTube™ is a feasible tool to disseminate educational toxicology videoconferences: The Global Educational Toxicology Uniting Project (GETUP).

Introduction: GETUP has filled an important void in global education about poisoning management by linking countries with and without toxicology services through videoconferencing and educating primary healthcare doctors and other health professionals. However, timezone incompatibilities among geographically remote sites may mean some parties are unable to attend all videoconferences. Recorded video is one potential solution for asynchronous learning using GETUP case materials, but its utilization has not been adequately defined. We aimed to assess the feasibility of YouTube to disseminate recorded toxicology videoconferences and analyse its usage. Methods: We performed a review of nine recorded videoconferences recorded on Google Hangouts™ and stored on YouTube™ from March 2014 to August 2015. YouTube Analytics™ data were used to measure web traffic and viewer trends. Results: There were 204 views of the nine videoconferences during the study period. The main groups involved in making the recorded conferences included the Austin Toxicology Service, Victoria, Australia; Fresno Toxicology Service, California, USA and the Emergency Department, Suva, Fiji. The majority of views (59%) were by viewers in the 25 to 34 age bracket. Viewers were located in 20 countries over six continents. Thirty-three percent (67 views) were from 18 states in the USA. Devices used to playback these conferences included computer (93%), mobile phone (5.3%), tablet (1%) and unknown (0.7%). Conclusions: Recorded video available over the Internet is feasible method to disseminate toxicology based educational videoconferences around the world and gather important information about how medical professionals tend to consume case-based toxicology educational contents.

How Anglican Clergy Perceive Freemasonry: Complementary System, Incompatible Enemy or Harmless Eccentricity

While the Roman Catholic Church has consistently pronounced against Freemasonry, the Church of England has never officially done so. Twenty years after the last debate on the subject in the General Synod (1987), the present study has assessed the views on Freemasonry held by senior clergy (Archdeacons, Area and Rural Deans) through a qualitative survey that attracted 518 responses (response rate: 64%). The survey generated more negative responses about Freemasonry than positive responses. The former revolved around six themes: additional public commitments, family life, fair practice, theological orthodoxy, spiritual development, church development and change. The latter revolved around three themes: philanthropy, provision of wider networks, local social activity and service. The data demonstrated that, whether making positive or negative evaluations, the majority of clergy took the theme seriously and made little attempt to trivialise Freemasonry. It was also clear that the majority of views were based on personal contact, hearsay, and anecdote, rather than on an informed examination of the issues. On the basis of these findings, recommendations are made for both further research and the continuing professional education of clergy.

Spatiotemporal Inpainting for Recovering Texture Maps of Occluded Building Facades

We present a technique for constructing a "clean" texture map of a partially occluded building facade from a series of images taken from a moving camera. Building regions blocked by trees, signs, people, and other foreground objects in a minority of views can be recovered via temporal median filtering on a registered image mosaic of the planar facade. However, when such areas are occluded in the majority of camera views, appearance information from other visible portions of the facade provides a critical cue to correctly complete the mosaic. In this paper, we apply a robust measure of spread to infer whether a particular mosaic pixel is occluded in a majority of views, and introduce a novel spatiotemporal timeline-based inpainting algorithm that uses appearance and motion cues in order to fill the texture map in majority-occluded regions. We describe methods for automatically training appearance-based classifiers from a coarse motion-based segmentation to efficiently recognize foreground and background patches in static imagery. Results of recovered building facades are shown for various sequences.

Patients’ experiences and perceptions of medical student candidates sitting a finals examination

Background: The Final Professional Examination for medical students at Leicester Medical School involves the use of real patients, and senior clinicians assess students over a series of consultations with these patients. What the patients themselves think of the students is not known.Aims: This qualitative study identifies the perceptions and opinions which patients who have been used in this examination have of the student candidates, and whether these may be used to enhance the training of medical students.Method: Patients who had participated in a number of examination diets were interviewed in either a group interview or individually. The interviews were loosely structured in order to discover the experiences that these patients had and how they interpreted them. Data was analysed inductively using the constant comparative method.Results: The large majority of views of patients fell into the following categories: observations on student conduct during the examination (both in terms of affective and professional behaviours), demographic characteristics of students and views on student performance.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, educational recommendations are made which might improve student performance in the examination and lead to greater patient satisfaction with the ‘end product’ of the medical school, namely the graduating student. These include the incorporation of students’ observation of infection control measures within the assessment schedule, and more direct preparation of students in handling uncertainty and their anxieties within the consultation.Practice pointsPatients used for finals examinations make judgments on the student candidates.These judgements are based on behavioural characteristics of students.Anxiety demonstrated by students is perceived by patients to be associated with poorer performance and competence.Patients have major concerns about hygiene and infection control in the examination setting.Patients are keen to provide feedback to students on their performance, but not to contribute to the overall score or mark.