Major Ubiquinone Research Articles

Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov., isolated from lichen in Thailand.

A novel bacterium, designated as strain LOR1-02T and isolated from a lichen sample collected from Kham Riang Subdistrict, Kantharawichai District, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, underwent thorough investigation utilizing a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain LOR1-02T demonstrated growth within a temperature range of 20-42°C (optimal at 30°C), pH range of 5.0-7.5 (optimal at pH 7.0), and tolerance to 4.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its close relation to Paracraurococcus ruber JCM 9931T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.16%, placing it within the genus Paracraurococcus. The approximate genome size of strain LOR1-02T was determined to be 8.6Mb, with a G + C content of 70.9mol%. Additionally, ANIb, ANIm, and AAI values between the whole genomes of strain LOR1-02T and type strains were calculated as 82.6-83.4%, 86.1-86.8%, and 81.4-82.2%, respectively, while the dDDH value was determined to be 26.3-28.5% (C.I. 24.0-31.0%). The predominant fatty acids detected were C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c, C16:0, and C18:12OH. The major ubiquinone identified was Q-10, and the polar lipids included phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, along with unidentified phosphoaminolipid, lipids, and an amino lipid. Based on comprehensive phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characterization, it is concluded that strain LOR1-02T represents a novel species within the genus Paracraurococcus, for which the name Paracraurococcus lichenis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain designation is LOR1-02T (= JCM 33121T =NBRC 112776T = TISTR 2503T).

Phenylobacterium montanum sp. nov., an oligotrophic, slightly acidophilic mesophile isolated from sandy soil.

A bacterial strain, designated S6T, was isolated from the sandy soil on a rocky mountain in South China. Cells of S6T were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and non-prosthecae-producing. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the highest similarities to 12 uncultured bacteria, followed by Phenylobacterium sp. B6.10-61 (97.14 %). The closest related validly published strains are Caulobacter henricii ATCC 15253T (96.15 %), Phenylobacterium conjunctum FWC 21T (96.08 %) and Caulobacter mirabilis FWC 38T (96.08 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, genome and proteome sequences demonstrated that S6T formed a separated lineage in the genus Phenylobacterium. Strain S6T contained Q-10 (97.5 %) as the major ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and three unknown glycolipids. The assembled genome comprises a chromosome with a length of 5.5 Mb and a plasmid of 96 014 bp. The G+C content was 67.6 mol%. The morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguished this strain from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Thus it is proposed that strain S6T represents a novel species in the genus Phenylobacterium, for which the name Phenylobacterium montanum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S6T (=NBRC 115419T=GCMCC 1.18594T).

Characterization of a Novel Species of Legionella Isolated from a Healthcare Facility: Legionella resiliens sp. nov.

Two Legionella-like isolates, 8cVS16T and 9fVS26, were isolated from a water distribution system (WDS) in a healthcare facility. Cells were Gram- and Ziehl Neelsen-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile, and exhibited a blue-white fluorescence under Wood's lamp at 365 nm. The strains grew in a range of 32-37 °C on BCYE with L-cysteine (Cys+), GVPC, and MWY agar medium, with a positive reaction for oxidase, catalase, and gelatinase. The dominant fatty acids were summed features 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) (27.7%), C16:0 iso (17.5%), and C16:0 (16.3%), and Q13 as the major ubiquinone. The mip and rpoB gene sequences showed a similarity of 96.7% and 92.4%, with L. anisa (ATCC 35292T). The whole genomes sequencing (WGS) performed displayed a GC content of 38.21 mol% for both. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) analysis demonstrated the separation of the two strains from the phylogenetically most related L. anisa (ATCC 35292T), with ≤43% DNA-DNA relatedness. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) between the two strains and L. anisa (ATCC 35292T) was 90.74%, confirming that the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Legionella. The name proposed for this species is Legionella resiliens sp. nov., with 8cVS16T (=DSM 114356T = CCUG 76627T) as the type strain.

Acidovorax benzenivorans sp. nov., a novel aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from a xylene-degrading enrichment culture.

A Gram-stain-negative strain, designated as D2M1T was isolated from xylene-degrading enrichment culture and characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain D2M1T belongs to the genus Acidovorax, with the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Acidovorax delafieldii DSM 64T (99.93 %), followed by Acidovorax radicis DSM 23535T (98.77 %) and Acidovorax kalamii MTCC 12652T (98.76 %). The draft genome sequence of strain D2M1T is 5.49 Mb long, and the G+C content of the genome is 64.2 mol%. Orthologous average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain D2M1T and its closest relatives were below the threshold values for species demarcation confirming that strain D2M1T is distinctly separated from its closest relatives. The whole genome analysis of the strain revealed a phenol degradation gene cluster, encoding a multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mPH) together with a complete meta-cleavage pathway including an I.2.C-type catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene. The strain was able to degrade benzene and ethylbenzene as sole sources of carbon and energy under aerobic and microaerobic conditions. Cells were facultatively aerobic rods and motile with a single polar flagellum. The predominant fatty acids (>10 % of the total) of strain D2M1T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c). The major ubiquinone of strain D2M1T was Q8, while the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on polyphasic data, it is concluded that strain D2M1T represents a novel species of the genus Acidovorax, for which the name of Acidovorax benzenivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain D2M1T (=DSM 115238T=NCAIM B.02679T).

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Fererhizobium litorale gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from the Sandy Sediments of the Sea of Japan Seashore.

The taxonomic status of two gram-negative, whitish-pigmented motile bacteria KMM 9576T and KMM 9553 isolated from a sandy sediment sample from the Sea of Japan seashore was defined. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that strains KMM 9576T and KMM 9553 represent a distinct lineage within the family Rhizobiaceae, sharing 100% 16S rRNA sequence similarity and 99.5% average nucleotide identity (ANI) to each other. The strains showed the highest 16S rRNA sequence similarities of 97.4% to Sinorhizobium garamanticum LMG 24692T, 96.9% to Ensifer adhaerens NBRC 100388T, and 96.8% to Pararhizobium giardinii NBRC 107135T. The ANI values between strain KMM 9576T and Ensifer adhaerens NBRC 100388T, Sinorhizobium fredii USDA 205T, Pararhizobium giardinii NBRC 107135T, and Rhizobium leguminosarum NBRC 14778T were 79.9%, 79.6%, 79.4%, and 79.2%, respectively. The highest core-proteome average amino acid identity (cpAAI) values of 82.1% and 83.1% were estimated between strain KMM 9576T and Rhizobium leguminosarum NBRC 14778T and 'Rhizobium album' NS-104, respectively. The DNA GC contents were calculated from a genome sequence to be 61.5% (KMM 9576T) and 61.4% (KMM 9553). Both strains contained the major ubiquinone Q-10 and C18:1ω7c as the dominant fatty acid followed by 11-methyl C18:1ω7c and C19:0 cyclo, and polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, and phenotypic characterization, strains KMM 9576T and KMM 9553 are concluded to represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Fererhizobium litorale gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is strain KMM 9576T (=NRIC 0957T).

<i>Ancylobacter crimeensis</i> sp. nov., a New Species of Aerobic Methylotrophic Bacteria Isolated from Oak Phyllosphere

Abstract—A new facultative methylotroph, strain 6x-1T, was isolated from the phyllosphere of oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) on the medium with methanol. Cells were aerobic, gram-negative, not-spore-forming, non-motile short ovoids rods reproducing by binary fission. Growth optimum was at 25‒29°C and pH 7.0‒7.5; growth was inhibited by 1.5% NaCl. Predominant fatty acids were C18:1ω7c and C19:0cyclo. Predominant phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Tha major ubiquinone was Q10. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 6x-1T exhibited the highest similarity to those of members of the genus Ancylobacter (97.0‒97.4%). Genome analysis of strain 6x-1T and most closely related Ancylobacter strains revealed that the values of ANI (80.7‒83.5%), dDDH (22.4‒23.3%), AAI (72.0‒78.0%), and POCP (62.0‒69.0%) were below the recommended threshold values for prokaryotic species. Genome size of strain 6x-1T was 4.29 × 106 Mb, and G + C content was 67.3%. According to the results of phylogenetic, phylogenomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain 6x-1T (=VKM В-3256T = ССUG 72401T) represents a new species of genus Ancylobacter, for which the name Ancylobacter crimeensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Legionella maioricensis sp. nov., a new species isolated from the hot water distribution systems of a hospital and a shopping center during routine sampling.

Two Legionella-like strains isolated from hot water distribution systems in 2012 have been characterized phenotypically, biochemically and genomically in terms of DNA relatedness. Both strains, HCPI-6T and EUR-108, exhibited biochemical phenotypic profiles typical of Legionella species. Cells were Gram-negative motile rods which grew on BCYEα agar but not on blood agar and displayed phenotypic characteristics typical of the family Legionellaceae, including a requirement for l-cysteine and testing catalase positive. Both strains were negative for oxidase, urease, nitrate reduction and hippurate negative, and non-fermentative. The major ubiquinone was Q12 (59.4 % HCPI-6T) and the dominant fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c (28.4 % HCPI-6T, ≈16 % EUR-108), C16 : 0 iso (≈22.5 % and ≈13 %) and C15 : 0 anteiso (19.5 % and ≈23.5 %, respectively). The percent G+C content of genomic DNA was determined to be 39.3 mol %. The 16S rRNA gene, mip sequence and comparative genome sequence-based analyses (average nucleotide identity, ANI; digital DNA-DNA hybridization, dDDH; and phylogenomic treeing) demonstrated that the strains represent a new species of the genus Legionella. The analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the sequence similarities for both strains ranged from 98.8-90.1 % to other members of the genus. The core genome-based phylogenomic tree (protein-concatemer tree based on concatenation of 418 proteins present in single copy) revealed that these two strains clearly form a separate cluster within the genus Legionella. ANI and dDDH values confirmed the distinctiveness of the strains. Based on the genomic, genotypic and phenotypic findings from a polyphasic study, the isolates are considered to represent a single novel species, for which the name Legionella maioricensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HCPI-6T (=CCUG 75071T=CECT 30569T).

Lysobacter lactosilyticus sp. nov., a Novel β-Galactosidase Producing Bacterial Strain Isolated from Farmland Soil Applied with Amino Acid Fertilizer.

To isolate β-galactosidase producing bacterial resources, a novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strain designated as A6T was obtained from a farmland soil sample. Cells of the strain were rod-shaped (0.4-0.7μm × 1.8-2.2μm) without flagella and motility. Strain A6T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 with 0% (w/v) NaCl. Based on phylogenetic analysis, strain A6T clustered within the genus Lysobacter clade and branched with Lysobacter dokdonensis KCTC 12822T (99.5%, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Lysobacter caseinilyticus KACC 19816T (98.5%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain A6T and Lysobacter dokdonensis KCTC 12822T were 82.7% and 26.2%, and the values for strain A6T and KACC 19816T were 81.4% and 23.8%, respectively. Iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, summed feature 9 (C17:1 iso ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl) and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c) were the major fatty acids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids, and ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) was the major ubiquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.2mol%. Furthermore, under the condition of 30 °C, pH 7.0, 4% inoculation with 10.0gL-1 lactose, the β-galactosidase activity produced by strain A6T was highest, reaching 95.3 UmL-1, indicating that this strain could be applied as a potential strain for β-galactosidase production. Strain A6T represents a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, and Lysobacter lactosilyticus sp. nov. is proposed on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic analysis. The type strain is A6T (=KCTC 82184T=CGMCC 1.18582T).

Azospirillum Endophyticum sp. nov., an Endophyte of Paris Polyphylla Smith var. Yunnanensis.

A Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated YIM B02556T, was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis collected from Yunnan Province, southwest China. By using a polyphasic approach, its taxonomic position was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM B02556T belonged to the genus Azospirillum and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain YIM B02556T to the type strains of members of this genus ranged from 94.9 to 98.3%. Overall genome relatedness index (OGRI) analysis estimated based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between YIM B02556T and other Azospirillum species type strains were <90.8% and <37.8%, lower than the limit of species circumscription. Cells of the strain were characterized as oxidase- and catalase-positive, with motility provided by flagella. The growth conditions of the strain were found to occur at 20-40°C (optimum, 35°C), and pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5). Strain YIM B02556T can tolerate 2% NaCl concentration. Strain YIM B02556T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The major fatty acids were C18:1 ω7c and summed feature three (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on polyphasic analysis, strain YIM B02556T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Azospirillum. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum endophyticum is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02556T (=JCM 34631T=CGMCC 1.18654T).

Rhizobium cremeum sp. nov., isolated from sewage and capable of acquisition of heavy metal and aromatic compounds resistance genes

Two strains of Rhizobia isolated from sewage collected from the Chinese Baijiu distillery were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains W15T and W16 were grouped as a separate clade closely related to Rhizobium daejeonense L61T (98.6%). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) with three housekeeping genes (recA, glnII and rpoA) also showed that strains W15T and W16 belonged to the genus Rhizobium. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between genome sequences of strain W15T and the closely related species ranged from 77.0% to 87.8% and from 23.9% to 30.9%. The DNA G + C content of strain W15T was 61.6 mol%. Strain W15T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone and the dominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C 18:1ω7c and/or C 18:1ω6c; 73.1%) and C18:0 (7.6%). The main polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, strains W15T and W16 represents a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium cremeum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is W15T (= CGMCC 1.18731T = KACC 22344T).

Pinisolibacter aquiterrae sp. nov., a novel aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from benzene-, and xylene-degrading enrichment cultures, and emended description of the genus Pinisolibacter.

Two Gram-reaction-negative strains, designated as B13T and MA2-2, were isolated from two different aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading enrichment cultures and characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine their taxonomic position. The two strains had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and were most closely related to Pinisolibacter ravus E9T (97.36 %) and Siculibacillus lacustris SA-279T (96.33 %). Cells were facultatively aerobic rods and motile with a single polar flagellum. The strains were able to degrade ethylbenzene as sole source of carbon and energy. The assembled genome of strain B13T had a total length of 4.91 Mb and the DNA G+C content was 68.8 mol%. The predominant fatty acids (>5 % of the total) of strains B13T and MA2-2 were C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c, C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c and C16 : 0. The major ubiquinone of strain B13T was Q10, while the major polar lipids were phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and a phospholipid. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic data, it is concluded that strains B13T and MA2-2 are members of the genus Pinisolibacter and represent a novel species for which the name Pinisolibacter aquiterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain B13T (=LMG 32346T=NCAIM B.02665T).

Massilia aromaticivorans sp. nov., a BTEX Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Arctic Soil.

A novel BTEX degrading bacterial strain, designated ML15P13T, was isolated from Arctic soil at the Svalbard Islands, Norway, using an enrichment culture technique. This isolate is Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with multiple flagella at one polar end, and rod-shaped. Growth was observed at 4-35°C, pH 6.0-8.0, and 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. According to 16S rRNA gene analysis, strain ML15P13T was grouped with members of the genus Massilia and closely related to Massilia atriviolacea SODT (98.4%), Massilia violaceinigra B2T (98.3%), Massilia eurypsychrophila B528-3T (97.7%), Massilia glaciei B448-2T (97.7%), and Massilia psychrophila B115-1T (96.6%). Average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity between genome sequences of strain ML15P13T and the closely related species ranged from 75.8 to 84.3%, from 19.6 ± 1.0 to 21.6 ± 0.3%, and from 68.8 to 71.0%, respectively. The major fatty acids were C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c), and summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). Q-8 was the major ubiquinone. The polar lipid profile showed the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, and five unidentified polar lipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 64.2mol%. Based on the results for genotypic and phenotypic study, we conclude that strain ML15P13T represents a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ML15P13T (= KACC 21773T = JCM 34089T).

Methylococcus geothermalis sp. nov., a methanotroph isolated from a geothermal field in the Republic of Korea.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid methanotroph, strain IM1T, was isolated from hot spring soil. Cells of strain IM1T were catalase-negative, oxidase-positive and displayed a characteristic intracytoplasmic membrane arrangement of type I methanotrophs. The strain possessed genes encoding both membrane-bound and soluble methane monooxygenases and grew only on methane or methanol. The strain was capable of growth at temperatures between 15 and 48 °C (optimum, 30-45 °C) and pH values between pH 4.8 and 8.2 (optimum, pH 6.2-7.0). Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and PmoA sequences, strain IM1T was demonstrated to be affiliated to the genus Methylococcus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of this strain was most closely related to the sequences of an uncultured bacterium clone FD09 (100 %) and a partially described cultured Methylococcus sp. GDS2.4 (99.78 %). The most closely related taxonomically described strains were Methylococcus capsulatus TexasT (97.92 %), Methylococcus capsulatus Bath (97.86 %) and Methyloterricola oryzae 73aT (94.21 %). Strain IM1T shared average nucleotide identity values of 85.93 and 85.62 % with Methylococcus capsulatus strains TexasT and Bath, respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization value with the closest type strain was 29.90 %. The DNA G+C content of strain IM1T was 63.3 mol% and the major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (39.0 %), C16 : 1 ω7c (24.0 %), C16 : 1 ω6c (13.6 %) and C16 : 1 ω5c (12.0 %). The major ubiquinone was methylene-ubiquinone-8. On the basis of phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic data, strain IM1T represents a novel species of the genus Methylococcus for which the name Methylococcus geothermalis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain IM1T (=JCM 33941T=KCTC 72677T) as the type strain.

Hansschlegelia quercus sp. nov., a novel methylotrophic bacterium isolated from oak buds.

Novel aerobic, restricted facultatively methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from buds of English oak (Quercus robur L.; strain DubT) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.; strain KrD). The isolates were Gram-negative, asporogenous, motile short rods that multiplied by binary fisson. They utilized methanol, methylamine and a few polycarbon compounds as carbon and energy sources. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C and pH 7.5. The dominant phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phoshatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids of cells were C18 : 1 ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0. The major ubiquinone was Q-10. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains were closely related to the members of the genus Hansschlegelia: Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113T(97.5-98.0 %), Hansschlegelia plantiphila S1T (97.4-97.6 %) and Hansschlegelia beijingensis PG04T(97.0-97.2 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains DubT and KrD was 99.7 %, and the DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH) result between the strains was 85 %. The ANI and the DDH values between strain DubT and H. zhihuaiae S113T were 80.1 and 21.5 %, respectively. Genome sequencing of the strain DubT revealed a genome size of 3.57 Mbp and a G+C content of 67.0 mol%. Based on the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses, it is proposed that the isolates be assigned to the genus Hansschlegelia as Hansschlegelia quercus sp. nov. with the type strain DubT (=VKM B-3284T=CCUG 73648T=JCM 33463T).

Ancylobacter lacus sp. nov. and Ancylobacter plantiphilus sp. nov., Novel Aerobic Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria

Novel aerobic facultatively methylotrophic bacteria were isolated from the water of a freshwater lake (strain F30LT), soil sample of rhizosphere of white clover Trifolium repens L. (strain 1TCT), and rhizosphere of carrot Daucus carota L. (strain Dau2). The isolates were gram-negative, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, pleomorphic/rod-shaped cells, propagating by binary fission; they were facultative methylotrophs, using a broad range of polycarbon compounds, apart from methanol. Optimum growth occurred at 25−29 °C and pH 7.0‒7.5, 0.5 vol % СН3OH, and 0.05 wt % NaCl. The strains employ the ribulose bisphosphate pathway for C1 assimilation. The predominant phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. In the whole-cell fatty acid pattern of strains, C18:1 ω7c, C19: 0 ω8c cyclo, C16:0 and С18:0 acids were predominant. The major ubiquinone was Q-10. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain F30LT exhibited high similarity to Ancylobacter dichloromethanicus DM16T (97.8%), while strains 1ТСT and Dau2 were closely related to A. oerskovii DSM 18746T (98.6%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains 1TCT and Dau2 was 99.4%. DNA–DNA hybridization of the strain F30LT with A. dichloromethanicus DM16T revealed only 22% homology; homology for strain 1ТСT and A. oerskovii DSM 18746T was 27%, while DNA‒DNA homology between strains 1TCT and Dau2 was 77%. Based on the data obtained, strain F30LT was identified as a new species within the genus Ancylobacter, Ancylobacter lacus sp. nov. (VKM В-3280Т = DSM 106439T). Strains 1ТСТ and Dau2 (=ВКМ В-3227 = CCUG71988) represent a novel species of the same genus, for which the name Ancylobacterplantiphilus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain 1ТСТ (=VKM В-3219Т = DSM 106438T).

Qingshengfaniella alkalisoli gen. nov., sp. nov., a p-hydroxybenzoate-degrading strain isolated from saline soil.

p-Hydroxybenzoate is an allelopathic compound commonly found in soil from long-term monoculture cropping systems. During the bacterial diversity analysis of saline soil, a Gram-negative, non-spore forming, non-motile, aerobic p-hydroxybenzoate-degrading bacterial strain, designated LN3S51T, was isolated from saline soil which was sampled from Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, northern China. Strain LN3S51T grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-15 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). Though strain LN3S51T has the highest 16S rRNA gene similarities to Litoreibacter ponti GJSW-31T (96.0 %), the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that it clustered with Fluviibacterium aquatile SM1902T (95.8 %), Meridianimarinicoccus roseus TG-679T (93.9 %), and Phycocomes zhengii LMIT002T (93.9 %). Strain LN3S51T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), an unidentified aminolipid (AL), and two unidentified lipids (L) were the major polar lipids. The major fatty acids were sum feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, C18 : 0, and C18 : 1 ω7c 11-methyl. The genome of strain LN3S51T consisted of a 2 257 066 bp chromosome and four plasmids with a 59.1 mol% of genomic DNA G+C content. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization score (dDDH) values of strain LN3S51T to F. aquatile SM1902T, M. roseus TG-679T, P. zhengii LMIT002T, and L. ponti GJSW-31T were 69.6, 70.9, 70.6, and 69.5 %, and 20.0, 19.5, 19.0, and 20.0 %, respectively. Based on the results of phylogenetic, chemtaxonomic and phenotypic characterization, strain LN3S51T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Rhodobacteraceae, for which Qingshengfaniella alkalisoli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LN3S51T (=CGMCC 1.17099T=KCTC 72457T).

Massilia atriviolacea sp. nov., a dark purple-pigmented bacterium isolated from soil.

A bacterial strain, designated SODT, with Gram-stain-negative and motile rod-shaped cells, was isolated from soil in Hefei, PR China, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SODT belonged to the genus Massilia and showed the highest similarities to Massilia violaceinigra B2T (99.3 %), followed by Massilia glaciei B448-2T (98.7 %), Massilia eurypsychrophila CGMCC 1.12828T (98.6 %) and Rugamonas rubra CCM3730T (97.8 %). Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between genome sequences of strain SODT and the closely related species ranged from 77.1 to 89.3% and from 22.2 to 34.7 %. The DNA G+C content of strain SODT was 65.4 mol%. Strain SODT contained Q-8 as the major ubiquinone and the dominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C15 : 0iso 2-OH; 58.5 %), C16 : 0 (26.8 %) and C18 : 1ω7c (5.0 %). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain SODT represents a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massiliaatriviolacea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SODT (=KCTC 62720T=LMG 30840T).

Characterization of Labrenzia polysiphoniae sp. nov. isolated from red alga Polysiphonia sp.

A group of five Gram-negative aerobic halophilic bacteria was isolated from the red alga Polysiphonia sp. specimen collected from the Sea of Japan seashore and subjected to a taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the novel isolates were affiliated to the genus Labrenzia sharing the highest gene sequence similarities of 98.1-98.4% with the type strain of Labrenzia suaedae KACC 13772T. The DNA-DNA hybridization values of 83-91% obtained between five novel strains, and 26 and 36% between two of the five novel strains and the closest neighbor Labrenzia suaedae KACC 13772T confirmed their assignment to the same separate species. Novel isolates were characterized by Q-10 as the major ubiquinone, by the predominance of C18:1ω7c followed by 11-methyl C18:1ω7c and C14:0 3-ОН in their fatty acid profiles. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, and an unknown phospholipid. Some of novel strains were found to inhibit growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive test microorganisms. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic traits, a novel species with the name Labrenzia polysiphoniae sp. nov. (type strain KMM 9699T = rh46T = KACC 19711T),is proposed.

Profundibacter amoris gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the Roseobacter clade isolated from Loki's Castle Vent Field on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge.

A bacterial strain, designated BAR1T, was isolated from a microbial mat growing on the surface of a barite chimney at the Loki's Castle Vent Field, at a depth of 2216 m. Cells of strain BAR1T were rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative and grew on marine broth 2216 at 10-37 °C (optimum 27-35 °C), pH 5.5-8.0 (optimum pH 6.5-7.5) and 0.5-5.0 % NaCl (optimum 2 %). The DNA G+C content was 57.38 mol%. The membrane-associated major ubiquinone was Q-10, the fatty acid profile was dominated by C18 : 1ω7c (91 %), and the polar lipids detected were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified lipid and one unidentified phospholipid. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BAR1T clustered together with Rhodobacterales bacterium PRT1, as well as the genera Halocynthiibacter and Pseudohalocynthiibacter in a polyphyletic clade within the Roseobacter clade. Several characteristics differentiate strain BAR1T from the aforementioned genera, including its motility, its piezophilic behaviour and its ability to grow at 35 °C and under anaerobic conditions. Accordingly, strain BAR1T is considered to represent a novel genus and species within the Roseobacter clade, for which the name Profundibacter amoris gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Profundibacter amoris BAR1T (=JCM 31874T=DSM 104147T).

Halobasidium xiangyangense gen. nov., sp. nov., a new xylose-utilizing yeast in the family Cystobasidiaceae, isolated from the pickling sauce used to make Datoucai, a high-salt fermented food.

In this study, we describe a new genus and species of yeast with high-salt tolerance. The strain was isolated from the pickling sauce used to make Datoucai, a traditional fermented food made from Brassica juncea in Xiangyang, China. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene and from the ITS region demonstrated that the strain, reference HBUAS51001T, was most closely related to members of the genera Occultifur and Cystobasidium. However, the greatest similarities between the D1/D2 and ITS nucleotide sequences of strain HBUAS51001T and the most closely related type strains from Occultifur and Cystobasidium were only 91 and 92 %, respectively. This suggests that strain HBUAS51001T does not belong to any currently described species. Strain HBUAS51001T grew readily on media in which xylose was the sole carbon source. The major ubiquinone was Q9. The genome of strain HBUAS51001T was 42.42 Mb with a G+C content of 53.93 mol%. Three candidate genes associated with xylose metabolism were identified. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, strain HBUAS51001T can be considered as both a new species and a new genus, for which the name Halobasidium xiangyangense gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HBUAS51001T (=KCTC27810T=GDMCC 2.231T=CCTCC AY 2018002T).