Major Movements Research Articles

Spatial Negative Influence of Cairo Mega Movement corridors on adjacent Local Areas Land Uses and Movement

The research is focused on discussing the importance of transportation in metropolitan areas and analyzing the positive and negative spatial impacts of the major movement corridors in Greater Cairo on the surrounding local areas. It aims to highlight the regional benefits of these corridors while also addressing the spatial challenges faced by the local areas. The study emphasizes the significance of movement circulation for pedestrians and vehicles in the urban functionality of local movement, serving as a connection between land uses and daily activities. While the mega movement corridors have significantly improved access between Greater Cairo's main districts, they have also introduced challenges at the local level. The research examines the impact of the Ain Shams corridor as an example of a new movement corridor introduced by the government in the last 5 years, in two major areas, and additionally, identifies the resulting challenges in land uses and movement circulation in these areas. The findings underscore the importance of segregating movement circulation between the regional and local levels to enhance accessibility for pedestrians and vehicles in local areas. Furthermore, the study reinforces the importance of comprehensive measures to enhance the efficiency of the corridor. Implementing solutions such as dedicated service roads, improved parking infrastructure, and optimized traffic management strategies can play a pivotal role in mitigating congestion and addressing the specific needs of local traffic. By addressing these challenges, the corridor can achieve improved functionality, accommodate the diverse traffic demands, and enhance the overall transportation experience for commuters and urban activities.

Size-frequency distribution of submarine mass movements on the Palomares continental slope (W Mediterranean)

In this work, over 3620 km2 from the Palomares continental slope, which is located in the W. Mediterranean Sea, was analysed to quantify the impact of recent mass movements on this margin. A total of 936 landslides were identified, mapped and characterised by defining several morphometric variables that outline the accumulated impact of landslides equivalent to 918 km2 and 10.34 km3 of eroded sediment on the continental slope. The smallest event area was 0.0014 km2, whereas the largest event area was 32.48 km2. Smaller scars with a higher headwall gradient tend to dominate when the environment is steeper, and major mass movements are located on open slopes and structural highs. However, the slight or null correlations between variables indicate that a wide range of sizes may occur on any slope gradient and at any depth.The Palomares continental slope is intensively affected by mass movements. Compared with other passive margins (e.g., the U.S. Atlantic continental margin), landslides mobilised a limited amount of sediment, although it is comparable to other Mediterranean areas where small- to moderate-sized events are characteristic.The cumulative size distribution can be defined by a power-law function that describes events larger than 0.7 km2 with an exponent of α = 1.269. These results are consistent with those of other published inventories, including onshore cases. This result allows us to assume that the scale-invariant properties of the events are mapped. Scale-invariant properties can be explained by different models; self-organised criticality (SOC) is probably the most assumed by the scientific community, although alternative models may be nominated. Each model has important implications in terms of the landslide distribution and long-term landslide history of any slope. Alternative scenarios, such as submarine slopes, with more precise landslide inventories may contribute to new hazard assessment models that consider scaling exponents derived from size–frequency distributions.

Drivers of Wolf Activity in a Human-Dominated Landscape and Its Individual Variability Toward Anthropogenic Disturbance.

Wolves (Canis lupus) exhibit contrasted activity patterns along their distribution range. The shift from diurnal to nocturnal habits within and among populations appears to be primarily driven by localized levels of human activity, with ambivalent responses toward such disturbance reported among populations. Yet, the drivers and the underlying individual variability of temporal avoidance patterns toward human remains unexplored. We equipped 26 wolves with GPS-GSM collars, obtaining 54,721 locations. We used step lengths, turning angles, and accelerometer data from recorded locations to infer activity through hidden Markov models (Conners, M. G., T. Michelot, E. I. Heywood, et al. 2021. "Hidden Markov Models Identify Major Movement Modes in Accelerometer and Magnetometer Data From Four Albatross Species." Movement Ecology 9, no. 1: 1-16.). We further explored the probability of activity as a function of a set of proxies of anthropogenic disturbance at different spatial scales and its interaction with different periods of the day by fitting population-level and individual-based hidden Markov models. Wolves were predominantly active during dusk and night, yet variations in activity emerged among individuals across day periods. We did not find clear population-level effects of anthropogenic disturbance predictors, as these were masked by a wide range of individual-specific responses, which varied from positive to negative, with inter-individual variability in responses changing according to different predictors and periods of the day. Our results suggest a non-uniform strategy of wolves in adapting their behavior to human-dominated environments, further underscoring the role of vegetation patches acting as functional refuge cover for buffering the effects of anthropogenic disturbance and boosting the persistence of the species in human-dominated landscapes. This study, for the first time, reveals the individual variability in wolf responses to human disturbance. By fitting hidden Markov models to data from GPS-GSM collars deployed on 26 wolves, we found significant variation between individuals in their responses to different levels of anthropogenic pressure and across different times of day, highlighting a non-uniform strategy for coping with perturbations in human-dominated landscapes. Our findings underscore the diverse behavioral adjustments employed by wolves to persist in these environments and highlight the critical importance of vegetation patches serving as refuge cover.

ДЖЕЙМС СТРЭНГ (1813–1856) И «МОРМОНСКОЕ КОРОЛЕВСТВО» НА ВЕЛИКИХ ОЗЕРАХ В СЕРЕДИНЕ XIX ВЕКА

The article examines the activities of James Jesse Strang (1813-1856), the self-proclaimed prophet of the «Latter-day Saints», the leader of one of the major movements in early Mormonism, and his followers – the Strangites. A unique religious and socio-political phenomenon: the proclamation of the monarchy in the United States remains practically unexplored in Russian historiography. This article helps fill the gap. The analysis of information about the religious movement of the Strangites, its origin, features, main ideas, major milestones of history contained in Mormon documents, materials of the American periodical press and other sources of the middle of the XIX-th century is carried out. After the death of the founder of the Mormon religion, Joseph Smith (1805-1844), Strang managed to unite the intra-church opposition around him for a short time. He was supported by almost all dissatisfied with the new leader of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Brigham Young (1801-1877) and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (including many family members of the first Mormon prophet). They managed to create a separate religious organization. It is shown that Strang's ideal was not just a theocracy, but a theocratic monarchy, reminiscent of the theocratic rule of the ancient Jews during the Old Testament period. This radically distinguished his teaching from the ideas about the state structure of other Mormons, who were supporters of theodemocracy – an ideal government based on faith in God and built on the principles of republicanism. The separated Mormons sought to implement their utopian religious-political and social project in practice in the colonized region of the Great Lakes. But conflicts with local residents created great difficulties for the Strangites, acquiring an increasingly acute character in 1850–1856. The conflicts ended with the death of the prophet Strang, the expulsion of his followers from the island settlement, which led to the rapid disintegration of the community. The utopia of the Strangites turned out to be unrealized.

Laminin γ1-dependent basement membranes are instrumental to ensure proper olfactory placode shape, position and boundary with the brain, as well as olfactory axon development.

Despite recent progress, the complex roles played by the extracellular matrix in development and disease are still far from being fully understood. Here, we took advantage of the zebrafish sly mutation which affects Laminin γ1, a major component of basement membranes, to explore its role in the development of the olfactory system. Following a detailed characterisation of Laminin distribution in the developing olfactory circuit, we analysed basement membrane integrity, olfactory placode and brain morphogenesis, and olfactory axon development in sly mutants, using a combination of immunochemistry, electron microscopy and quantitative live imaging of cell movements and axon behaviours. Our results point to an original and dual contribution of Laminin γ1-dependent basement membranes in organising the border between the olfactory placode and the adjacent brain: they maintain placode shape and position in the face of major brain morphogenetic movements, they establish a robust physical barrier between the two tissues while at the same time allowing the local entry of the sensory axons into the brain and their navigation towards the olfactory bulb. This work thus identifies key roles of Laminin γ1-dependent basement membranes in neuronal tissue morphogenesis and axon development in vivo .

A geographic history of human genetic ancestry.

Describing the distribution of genetic variation across individuals is a fundamental goal of population genetics. In humans, traditional approaches for describing population genetic variation often rely on discrete genetic ancestry labels, which, despite their utility, can obscure the complex, multi-faceted nature of human genetic history. These labels risk oversimplifying ancestry by ignoring its temporal depth and geographic continuity, and may therefore conflate notions of race, ethnicity, geography, and genetic ancestry. Here, we present a method that capitalizes on the rich genealogical information encoded in genomic tree sequences to infer the geographic locations of the shared ancestors of a sample of sequenced individuals. We use this method to infer the geographic history of genetic ancestry of a set of human genomes sampled from Europe, Asia, and Africa, accurately recovering major population movements on those continents. Our findings demonstrate the importance of defining the spatial-temporal context of genetic ancestry to describing human genetic variation and caution against the oversimplified interpretations of genetic data prevalent in contemporary discussions of race and ancestry.

BUILDING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CHILDCARE CENTERS IN KOREA FOR RETROFIT DESIGN: TYPOLOGY BASED STUDY ON ENERGY PERFORMANCE

ABSTRACT This study investigates different architectural types of Korean national childcare centers. The goal of this study is to provide a preliminary study of the energy retrofit of childcare centers. Given the growing concern over climate change, renovation and remodeling of current buildings for energy use improvement has become a major movement. Thus, today’s improvement in the building environment inevitably accompanies energy use improvement. An examination of 17 childcare centers in the Dongdaemon-gu district in Korea has been carried out. This includes the history of the buildings, construction information and energy use of the buildings. The cases are classified depending on their architecture type and have been analyzed with their energy use. Korea has embraced the influence of other countries with child care policies and types. The typology has been adapted to the Korean environment. This research is the preliminary study for green renovation of national childcare centers under a Korean context.

Simulation and Evaluating of Traffic Flow for Hillah City Using VISSIM and GIS Programs

Abstract The transportation network is crucial for modern society, with roads being essential for passenger and goods transportation. Al-Hillah, a highly congested center in Babylon province, experiences congestion due to its strategic location as a major transit route and the presence of vitality centers like education, commerce, and government. The main goals of this study are to evaluate the service level of the current traffic situation on the road network using the VISSIM software and to know the extent of the network’s connectivity using the GIS program. The whole length of the Hillah Road network as well as the number of nodes and linkages are among the data collected. These links represent major and minor arterials and vehicle movement surveys, both external and internal, from the center city for peak periods, vehicle classification, and geometric characteristics for each link and node in the network. Then a collection of parameters was computed for assessing the road network, which is considered one of the quantitative indicators used to measure network connectivity, such as β the index, α the index, γ the index and η the index. The results showed that the study sites operate with a high level of service LOS (F), and on the basis of this, some improvements were suggested to improve the level of service and reduce congestion.

Age-Based Developmental Biomarkers in Eye Movements: A Retrospective Analysis Using Machine Learning.

This study aimed to identify when and how eye movements change across the human lifespan to benchmark developmental biomarkers. The sample size comprised 45,696 participants, ranging in age from 6 to 80 years old (M = 30.39; SD = 17.46). Participants completed six eye movement tests: Circular Smooth Pursuit, Horizontal Smooth Pursuit, Vertical Smooth Pursuit, Horizontal Saccades, Vertical Saccades, and Fixation Stability. These tests examined all four major eye movements (fixations, saccades, pursuits, and vergence) using 89 eye-tracking algorithms. A semi-supervised, self-training, machine learning classifier was used to group the data into age ranges. This classifier resulted in 12 age groups: 6-7, 8-11, 12-14, 15-25, 26-31, 32-38, 39-45, 46-53, 54-60, 61-68, 69-76, and 77-80 years. To provide a descriptive indication of the strength of the self-training classifier, a series of multiple analyses of variance (MANOVA) were conducted on the multivariate effect of the age groups by test set. Each MANOVA revealed a significant multivariate effect on age groups (p < 0.001). Developmental changes in eye movements across age categories were identified. Specifically, similarities were observed between very young and elderly individuals. Middle-aged individuals (30s) generally showed the best eye movement metrics. Clinicians and researchers may use the findings from this study to inform decision-making on patients' health and wellness and guide effective research methodologies.

Narrative movement in a novel (The Walkers in the Night)

In every fictional text, two major movements together form what is narrative criticism called the rhythm of the narrative. They work in two different directions. One of them speeds up the narration movement, while the second stops this movement. The movement of the narration is sped up by two techniques: deletion and summarization, while stopping is done through the technique of description. Except for these two techniques, another technique leads to balancing acceleration and stopping, which is called the scene technique. These techniques all work to organize the internal movement of the text while it is being narrated. In our study of the movement of the text, we took the novel (Shawgarakan - The Walkers in the Night) by the Kurdish novelist (Miran Abraham) as an applied model to know the role of these techniques in organizing the narrative rhythm in that novel. This is done by talking about the most important techniques known in narrative criticism with the technique of (deletion, summarization, scene, and description) to know how to organize the internal rhythm adopted by the aforementioned novelist. Our research comprises three axes. In the first, we dealt with narration acceleration techniques. In the second, we dealt with the technique of balancing the narrative moves through the scene, and we took dialogue to do so.

Multiple Human Population Movements and Cultural Dispersal Events Shaped the Landscape of Chinese Paternal Heritage.

Large-scale genomic projects and ancient DNA innovations have ushered in a new paradigm for exploring human evolutionary history. However, the genetic legacy of spatiotemporally diverse ancient Eurasians within Chinese paternal lineages remains unresolved. Here, we report an integrated Y-chromosome genomic database encompassing 15,563 individuals from both modern and ancient Eurasians, including 919 newly reported individuals, to investigate the Chinese paternal genomic diversity. The high-resolution, time-stamped phylogeny reveals multiple diversification events and extensive expansions in the early and middle Neolithic. We identify four major ancient population movements, each associated with technological innovations that have shaped the Chinese paternal landscape. First, the expansion of early East Asians and millet farmers from the Yellow River Basin predominantly carrying O2/D subclades significantly influenced the formation of the Sino-Tibetan people and facilitated the permanent settlement of the Tibetan Plateau. Second, the dispersal of rice farmers from the Yangtze River Valley carrying O1 and certain O2 sublineages reshapes the genetic makeup of southern Han Chinese, as well as the Tai-Kadai, Austronesian, Hmong-Mien, and Austroasiatic people. Third, the Neolithic Siberian Q/C paternal lineages originated and proliferated among hunter-gatherers on the Mongolian Plateau and the Amur River Basin, leaving a significant imprint on the gene pools of northern China. Fourth, the J/G/R paternal lineages derived from western Eurasia, which were initially spread by Yamnaya-related steppe pastoralists, maintain their presence primarily in northwestern China. Overall, our research provides comprehensive genetic evidence elucidating the significant impact of interactions with culturally distinct ancient Eurasians on the patterns of paternal diversity in modern Chinese populations.

An Abolitionist Vicious Circle: Slaving, Antislavery, and Violence on the Shores of Lake Tanganyika at the Onset of Colonial Occupation

ABSTRACT In the late nineteenth century, abolitionists felt entitled to use all possible means to save the African victims of the slave trade. As European imperialism rose, abolitionism legitimized interventionism. This article explores how a major humanitarian movement could sanction colonial occupation and the violence that accompanied it. It also examines the position of African slaveholders who resisted the entrenchment of European rule and defended an order in which slavery was common. It focuses on two main actors: French Captain Leopold Joubert, Catholic royalist and former pontifical Zouave who supported Cardinal Lavigerie's Missionaries of Africa and Belgian King Leopold II's allegedly abolitionist endeavours; and Tippu Tip, a trader and slaver who, like Joubert, worked for self-styled abolitionists such as Leopold II and the Sultan of Zanzibar. The connected microhistories of these men show how the international problematization of African slavery fuelled both European imperialism and anti-colonial resistance, while also creating circumstances in which enslaved persons emancipated themselves. The article investigates the moral perceptions of individuals whose sense of self was predicated upon values embodied by Europe's monarchies, the papacy of Rome, and the sultanate of Zanzibar. Faced with what they perceived as existential threats to these institutions, they responded with rising radicalism.

Introduction to the Special Issue: Foregrounding social movement futures: collective action, imagination, and methodology

ABSTRACT The future – as a theme, research orientation, and mode of framing societal challenges – is becoming important in the social sciences. Yet the absence of collective action in many such accounts makes clear the potential contribution of social movement studies. In social movement studies, meanwhile, the future has been discussed directly and indirectly. Assumptions about timing, activist orientations towards the future, and causation are embedded in understandings of strategy, agency, mobilisation, tactical choice, consequences, and in concepts of waves, cycles and diffusion. Conceptual developments around temporalities, real utopias and grassroots initiatives, imagination, and prefiguration offer some alternative perspectives and promising new directions. Foregrounding social movement futures also has implications for protesters themselves: ideas and emotions relating to the future are central to activist debates about goals, winning, utopia, hope and burnout. This introduction reviews the societal and academic context for the renewed interest in futures that are relevant for social movement studies, before outlining three major movement areas or debates where futures are implicated, and which need to form part of future research. These areas, and the subdiscipline as a whole, it is argued, may also benefit from a more direct analysis of movement futures.

Resilient city plans as important aspect of future development plans of Indian cities

While in developed countries urbanisation has mainly taken place in the second half of the 19th century, developing countries are in the middle of their urban growth now. The other major issue of Climate change is now a current reality. Three major movements are coming together: urbanization, decentralization, and the rise of domestic capital markets. The rapid process of urbanisation and the growing number of the megacities, cause a lot of different ecological, economical and social problems and risks. This impacts cause challenges for urban policies and urban planning strategies to manage the development in a sustainable way, when the population in some cities doubles every 10 to 15 years. As the numerous national and international conferences on urbanisation and megacities show, there is an obvious need for more and better urban development strategies, long term land policy and forceful urban management.

SVD-Based Mind-Wandering Prediction from Facial Videos in Online Learning.

This paper presents a novel approach to mind-wandering prediction in the context of webcam-based online learning. We implemented a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)-based 1D temporal eye-signal extraction method, which relies solely on eye landmark detection and eliminates the need for gaze tracking or specialized hardware, then extract suitable features from the signals to train the prediction model. Our thorough experimental framework facilitates the evaluation of our approach alongside baseline models, particularly in the analysis of temporal eye signals and the prediction of attentional states. Notably, our SVD-based signal captures both subtle and major eye movements, including changes in the eye boundary and pupil, surpassing the limited capabilities of eye aspect ratio (EAR)-based signals. Our proposed model exhibits a 2% improvement in the overall Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUROC) metric and 7% in the F1-score metric for 'not-focus' prediction, compared to the combination of EAR-based and computationally intensive gaze-based models used in the baseline study These contributions have potential implications for enhancing the field of attentional state prediction in online learning, offering a practical and effective solution to benefit educational experiences.

The struggle for industrial democracy in Sweden: A sociological macro-meso analysis 1960–2020

Sweden has the reputation of being one of the most progressive countries in the world concerning work-life development and industrial democracy. In this article, an analytical overview of the development in these areas is provided, which includes the antecedents, major events, actor positioning and also the broad-term outcomes. Two major reform movements are described: one aiming to create a radically different work-life where workers control their own work with a power balance between labour and capital, and one a reformist movement aiming to create a degree of co-determination and a more engaging work-life without any major changes in power relations. The case shows that the radical movement was not able to generate radical change and that the reformistic movement achieved only partial success. The outcome over time has been a decreased interest in work-life development where co-determination practices are heavily institutionalized but perhaps do not provide better conditions for workers than in many other advanced industrial countries with a lesser degree of formal co-determination.

Mystical and artistic innovations in Rahman Baba's poems

Mysticism and artistry are the strongest and best features of notable Pashto poet Abdul Rahman Babas' poetry. Even if there is little known about Abdul Rahman Baba's life and his poetry serves as an internal testament that allows at least some of his mystical approach's events to be identified, researchers have not been able to fully investigate him. Rahman Baba's worldview, impression, and mystical and poetic observations about the major social movements of his day may undoubtedly be attributed to the technical and spiritual aspects of his poetry, which may have inspired him throughout his life. Abdul Rahman Baba's work to address this issue has been acknowledged in this article.

EXPLORING CEEMDAN DECOMPOSITION FOR IMPROVED FINANCIAL MARKET FORECASTING: A CASE STUDY ON DOW JONES INDEX

This study presents an innovative financial time series analysis approach by integrating Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEEMDAN) with the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Variables (ARIMAX) model. The primary contribution of the research lies in significantly enhancing the predictive accuracy and understanding of the dynamics governing major stock indices. CEEMDAN adaptively decomposes complex financial time series into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), a technique that has yet to be extensively utilized in this domain. IMFs are combined with ARIMAX's predictive proficiency, which accounts for the influence of historical trends and external factors. Our study showcases an R² of 0,93, aligning with some of the high-performing models in the literature. However, the unique strength of our model lies in its lag-free predicting of the DJIA, effectively mirroring its volatility and major movements with high fidelity, making it highly practical for financial applications.

An examination of the 2012–2022 empirical ethical decision‐making literature: A quinary review

AbstractThis review summarizes the empirical ethical decision‐making (EDM) research in business published between 2012 and 2022. Utilizing Rest's (Moral development: advances in research and theory, Praeger, New York, 1986) four‐step model for EDM and Jones' (Acad Manag Rev, 16(2): 366‐395, 1991) theory of moral intensity, 85 articles, resulting in 388 findings, were analyzed. Empirical findings in awareness, intent, judgment, and behavior were categorized by their application to individual and organizational factors resulting in the application of 624 and 62 factors, respectively. A maturing of the research environment is seen through the need for grouping individual factors into themes, essentially forming new connections within EDM research. This article prioritizes new factors and themes, such as bad behaviors, customers and selling, fantasy and imagination, and negative experiences. Additionally, new research in reoccurring themes such as demographics, feelings, personality, and power have elements that were seen in prior reviews but are more nuanced in the current. Furthermore, this quinary review discusses the evolution of EDM research highlighting the relationships studied and modifiers and mediators used. These themes help shape the landscape of EDM research by illustrating the intersectionality of variables. This article advances the understanding of how these foundational models are being nuanced to understand more deeply the EDM process. A call for future research incorporating intersectionality, the continued pursuit of complex relationships, longitudinal research, and major societal and organizational movements is included. Research into the effects of underrepresented demographics such as gender identity, veteran status, and ability is suggested. Furthermore, we question whether Rest (1986) and Jones' (1991) models are inherently Western and if comparing outcomes with a decolonialized research method might give insight into EDM. We present this latest 10‐year collection of EDM empirical research based on Rest (1986) and Jones (1991) as a tool for new and future scholars to utilize in their research endeavors.

Rethinking connectivity modeling for high-mobility ungulates: insights from a globally endangered equid

ContextMaintaining connectivity is crucial for wildlife conservation in human-occupied landscapes. Structural connectivity modeling (SCM) attempts to quantify the degree to which physical features facilitate or impede movement of individuals and has been widely used to identify corridors, but its accuracy is rarely validated against empirical data.ObjectivesWe evaluated SCM’s ability to identify suitable habitat and corridors for onagers (Equus hemionus onager) through a comparison with functional connectivity (i.e., actual movement of individuals) using satellite tracking data.MethodsWe used MaxEnt to predict suitable habitat and evaluated the ability of three SCM approaches: circuit theory, factorial least cost path, and landscape corridors approaches to identify corridors. The performance of the three SCM approaches was validated against independently collected GPS telemetry data.ResultsOnagers selected water sources and dense vegetation while avoiding areas grazed intensely by livestock. The three approaches to SCMs identified similar movement corridors, which were interrupted by roads, affecting major high-flow movement corridors. The SCMs overlapped with functional connectivity by about 21%.ConclusionMovement corridors derived from SCMs did not align with the locations or intensity of corridors identified using the functional connectivity model. This finding suggests that SCMs might have a tendency to overestimate landscape resistance in areas with low habitat suitability. Therefore, SCM may not adequately capture individual decisions about habitat selection and movement. To protect corridors linking suitable habitat, data on functional connectivity (i.e., telemetry data) can be coupled with SCM to better understand habitat selection and movements of populations as a consequence of landscape features.