Major Leadership Roles Research Articles

Perception of Leadership Role among Agricultural Extension Frontliner’s Job Satisfaction in Oyo and Osun state ADP, Nigeria

The study determined perception of leadership roles among agricultural extension frontliners’ job satisfaction in Oyo and Osun State Agricultural Development Programme Nigeria. Simple random sample technique was used to select 123 respondents from the study area. Data were analyzed using mean and regression analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 43.4years while 63.6% were male respondents. Major leadership roles include supervision of employees’ work ( ­=3.67), goal-oriented roles ( =3.39), effective dissemination of information among the employees ( =3.35) and creation of a friendly work environment. Major employees’ satisfaction were employees work together with their colleagues ( =3.54) and interact freely with their colleagues ( =3.51). Major challenges affecting employees job satisfaction were inadequate funding ( =3.30), irregular leave bonus ( =3.29), climate and weather condition ( =3.08) and inadequate incentive ( =3.02). Regression analysis show a positive significant coefficient (P<0.05) exists between educational status (1.701) year of service (β = 0.551), leadership roles (β = 0.513), challenges faced by respondents (β = 2.091) and employees’ job satisfaction. The study concluded that leadership roles have significant relationship with employees’ satisfaction. For adequate job satisfaction among agricultural employees, organization should pay attention to disbursement of training funds, provision of incentive and leadership recognition. Keywords: Perception, Leadership roles, Agricultural extension frontliners and Job satisfaction

Thomas Wilson Meade. 21 January 1936—24 October 2022

Tom Meade made outstanding contributions to our understanding of the role of the haemostatic (clotting) system in the causation of cardiovascular disease by combining epidemiological approaches with rigorous standardization of laboratory methods. As director of the MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit (EMCU) at Northwick Park Hospital he led major prospective studies to investigate the relationship between a range of haemostatic factors and cardiovascular disease outcomes. He also led several major randomized trials of interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk, notably the Thrombosis Prevention Trial. The EMCU also undertook several landmark studies on common and often neglected conditions to improve knowledge of the burden of ill health (for example from incontinence) and effective interventions, including for low back pain and stroke rehabilitation. In his later career he also set up and led a series of large case–control studies among myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism cases, together with their matched controls using a primary care database, showing elevated risks of both arterial and venous thrombosis following respiratory infections. He had many major scientific leadership roles, including playing a significant role in guiding the UK Biobank at its inception and chairing the steering committee of the Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group.

Public health women doctors in England: from backwater to strategic roles in 20years.

Women doctors in public health were able to achieve consultant status, and major strategic leadership roles, well ahead of female colleagues in other areas of medical and, especially, surgical practice. This development was bound up with the struggles in the early days of the Faculty of Community Medicine to achieve its status as a separate Faculty of the Royal College of Physicians, raise standards and encourage able and committed doctors to join the specialty. This paper outlines the history of public health medicine in England between 1974 and the 1990s when, through a combination of design, and happenstance in response to organizational changes, a gender-neutral specialty was created, benefiting both men and women, and enabling the latter, in particular, to flourish.

Industry Relationships With Medical Oncologists: Who Are the High-Payment Physicians?

Many oncologists have relationships with industry. Previous work has shown that these payments are usually modest; however, there exist a subset of medical oncologists who receive more than $100,000 US dollars (USD) annually. Here, we describe the characteristics of these physicians. This retrospective cohort study used the Open Payments data set to identify all US-based medical oncologists/hematologists who received $100,000+ USD in general payments linked to cancer medications in 2018. Open Payments and a web-based search were used to identify physician characteristics, demographics, research profile, and leadership positions. One hundred thirty-nine medical oncologists received > $100,000 USD in general payments. The median payment was $154,613 USD, and the total payment was $24.2 million USD. These high-payment physicians represent 1% of all US medical oncologists (N = 10,620) yet account for 37% of all industry payments in 2018. Sixty percent (84 of 139) and 21% (29 of 139) of these high-payment physicians hold hospital and specialty association leadership roles, respectively. One quarter (24%, 33 of 139) serve on journal editorial boards, and 10% (14 of 139) have authored clinical practice guidelines; 72% (100 of 139) hold faculty appointments. A small number of medical oncologists receive very high payments from the pharmaceutical industry. These physicians hold major leadership roles within oncology. Further work is needed to understand the extent to which these conflicts of interest may shape clinical practice and policy.

Crohn's and Colitis Canada's 2021 Impact of COVID-19 and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Health Care Delivery During the Pandemic and the Future Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Care.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a profound impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) health care delivery. The implementation of necessary public health restrictions has restricted access to medications, procedures and surgeries throughout the pandemic, catalyzing widespread change in how IBD care is delivered. Rapid large-scale implementation of virtual care modalities has been shown to be feasible and acceptable for the majority of individuals with IBD and health care providers. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has exacerbated pre-existing barriers to accessing high-quality, multidisciplinary IBD care that addresses health care needs holistically. Continued implementation and evaluation of both synchronous and asynchronous eHealthcare modalities are required now and in the future in order to determine how best to incorporate these modalities into patient-centred, collaborative care models. Resources must be dedicated to studies that evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of eHealth-enhanced models of IBD care to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness, while increasing quality of life for persons living with IBD. Crohn’s and Colitis Canada will continue to play a major leadership role in advocating for the health care delivery models that improve the quality of life for persons living with IBD.

First person profile: Lori J. Pierce, MD: First African American, first female radiation oncologist to serve as American Society of Clinical Oncology president makes equity her theme.

First person profile: Lori J. Pierce, MD: First African American, first female radiation oncologist to serve as American Society of Clinical Oncology president makes equity her theme.

Envisioning a sustainable future for water

Abstract The water sector has a major leadership role to play in addressing the global water crisis. How can it make the radical shifts in approach that are needed? This paper highlights the reality that the management of water, and the ways in which water flows are directed, reflects social relations of power, not just between human groups, but also between humankind and the non-human world. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research with indigenous communities and other water users in river catchments around the world, it considers alternate cultural worldviews that encourage more sustainable beliefs and practices, and asks how larger societies might make imaginative use of these in contemporary and future engagements with water. In a thought experiment intended to reposition human–non-human relations, it proposes a concept of ‘re-imagined communities’ advocating more collaborative forms of conviviality – living together – with other species. Opening the door to ideas about pan-species democracy, it calls for decision-making processes in which a wide range of expertise is brought together to exchange knowledge, with an explicit and practical remit to ‘speak for’ and promote the needs and interests of the non-human inhabitants of the ecosystems on which all living kinds depend.

The impacts of World Bank education programs in alleviating Middle East economies within Syrian refugee crisis

Purpose This study aims to investigate the World Bank achievements in reinforcing Middle Eastern economies in the light of the Syrian refugees’ crisis. It aims to analyze the influence of the World Bank activities in sustaining and developing a key Lebanese sector under pressure, namely, education. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by thematic analysis of gathered data. The study participants included senior Lebanese World Bank professionals and education experts, who once held major leadership roles in the World Bank. Findings Data analysis revealed major contributions in human development, substantial governmental support and controlling damaging consequences of the Syrian crisis, which helped in supporting economic stabilization and prevented education sector from collapsing. Originality/value The desire of evaluating the World Bank activities in the education sector will help in understanding the World Bank’s role in the development process of the education sector and the associated local government support. In addition, the study seeks to assess governmental performance in adapting the required changes to achieve development and revealing strategies used for refugee crisis. Due to a shortage of relevant studies, this study seeks to fill the associated gap with implications and recommendations guiding educational development in the Middle East, in addition to operational recommendations and indications for further studies in the field.

Marian K. Shaughnessy, DNP, RN

Marian K. Shaughnessy was a nationally known nurse leader and philanthropist. She was the founder of the Marian K. Shaughnessy Nurse Leadership Academy at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University where she served as an adjunct professor. Dr. Shaughnessy held leadership board positions in a wide number of Cleveland non-profits and was a member of the board of University Hospitals Medical Center of Cleveland and served as vice-chair of the Quality and Professional Committee and a member of the Clinical Council, University Hospital Medical Group. She also served on the Advisory Committee for Notre Dame School of Nursing in South Euclid, OH. She helped launch the national Nurses on Boards Coalition for the American Nurses Foundation in order to present a nursing perspective to America's boardrooms. Her nursing career included leadership positions and consulting in perioperative care delivery at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Lakewood Hospital, and Critical Care at Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital. She was a member of the American Nurses Association, Association of Operating Room Nurses, Association of Nurse Executives and Sigma Theta Tau. This interview was conducted in September, 2019. She will be missed.

Succession planning for academic nursing.

Academic nursing must plan for the future by retaining, developing, and recruiting academic nurse leaders, utilizing best practices in succession planning. This article presents a case study in which an evidence-based model was developed to provide academic nurse leaders with a guide for succession planning. A formal succession plan gives purposeful direction in identifying and developing emerging leaders and is especially useful for individuals who are new to a major leadership role. The author collaborated with an academic nurse leader at a selected College of Nursing in gathering information essential to forecasting future leadership needs. An Executive Summary report, highlighting recommendations, was provided to the academic leader in order to initiate a formal succession plan. The model provides a means for the assessment of current leadership skills and talents, analysis of future needs for academic nurse leaders, and development of evidence-based recommendations to strengthen and improve an academic succession plan. The succession planning model lays the groundwork for academic nursing leaders to achieve and uphold a highly qualified nursing leadership workforce to meet the future needs.

1164 Breaking the Academic Ceiling: Gender Disparities and Bias in Authorship in Leading Gastroenterological Journals

INTRODUCTION: The number of women entering gastroenterology in the US has steadily increased over the last quarter century. Women made up 28% of gastroenterology trainees on average during this period and are 33.6% now. When it comes to academics, however, women lag behind in all major leadership roles; for example, only 7% of gastroenterology division chiefs were women in 2015. Gender inequality has become a prominent area of concern, with many institutions taking steps to increase equality; one aspect affecting academic appointments is publication of articles as senior or first author. The objective of this study is to evaluate if these efforts have decreased gender disparities in female authorship. METHODS: We evaluated all original research papers and invited reviews published in 2017 and 2018 in leading gastroenterology journals: Hepatology, Gastroenterology, American Journal of Gastroenterology (AJG), Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (GIE), and Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (CGH). Our primary outcome was the rate of female senior authors. Our secondary outcome was the rate of female first authors. We also assessed whether single versus double-blinded peer review has an impact on women’s authorship. We included the journal Endoscopy as a comparator to GIE, as well as New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) as a non-gastroenterology journal. RESULTS: The gender was determined for 97% of authors of 3100 included articles. Female authorship is presented in Table 1 and Figure 1 along with historical data. Hepatology had the highest female senior authorship rate of 24% while GIE had the lowest: 12%. When comparing single-blinded vs. double-blinded review process in two journals with similar impact factors and scope (GIE and Endoscopy), the journal with a double-blinded review had a higher rate of senior female authors (P = 0.3), but had lower first female authorship (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Female authorship continues to lag behind the rate of women entering the field. There were fewer senior female authors than first authors across all journals. First authorship by women appears to have plateaued in several journals. Although senior authorship appears to be growing, the rate of growth in the last 10 years lags behind the growth in first authorship and number of female gastroenterologists. Overall, female authorship has gradually increased over the years but the rate of increase appears to be slowing or stalling altogether. Gender equality in authorship remains a goal to strive for.

The importance of healthy dietary patterns in chronic disease prevention

The prevalence of chronic diseases in the United States and around the world is very high and not sustainable by most health care systems. While the etiology is complex, many chronic diseases are preventable through life long practices of adhering to healthy dietary patterns, engaging in physical activity and maintaining acceptable weight. Healthy dietary patterns were defined in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report as diets that are high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low and non-fat dairy and lean protein. Other characteristics of healthy dietary patterns are that they are low in saturated fat, trans fat, sodium and added sugars. The preponderance of evidence to date suggests that healthy dietary patterns reduce the risk of the major diet-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. While several methods exist for assessing dietary patterns in population studies, those that characterize dietary patterns using a priori scoring systems of indices, such as the Healthy Eating Index, may be of the most value because they offer a consistent metric that can be applied across multiple studies. It follows that consistency in methods then allows comparisons of results across populations. The nutrition science community can play a major leadership role in national and global health by promoting access to the ability of all population groups to consume a healthy dietary pattern.

Recent Evolution of the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease in China: A Conversation With Ya-Ling Han, MD, PhD.

Ya-Ling Han, MD, PhD, was born in Wuhan, Hubei province, in 1953. She graduated from Haebin Medical University in 1978. She received her doctorate in 1994 from Shanghai Second Military Medical University. She was a visiting scholar at the National Heart Center, Singapore. She is currently a professor and the director of the Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region; the director of the Cardiovascular Research Institute; and the director of the Key Laboratory of Acute Severe Cardiovascular Treatment Research of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. She is the president of the Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians and Chairperson-elect of the Chinese Society of Cardiology. Dr Rutherford asks: Could you describe the scope of clinical cardiac care provided in the Department of Cardiology at the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region? Dr Ya-L ing Han replies : The Department of Cardiology at the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, together with the departments of congenital heart disease and cardiovascular surgery, constitute the cardiovascular institute of the People’s Liberation Army, which is among the top 5 centers in China providing comprehensive care for CVD. Our center is located in Northeast China, an area with the highest prevalence of CAD, so the treatment and prevention of CAD is our major focus. We are a busy center: we perform ≈7000 PCIs, 1400 radiofrequency ablations, 550 pacemaker implantations, 900 congenital heart disease interventions, and ≈2500 cardiovascular surgeries annually, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of <1%. We have pioneered many facets of CVD treatment in China, including PCI for complicated coronary lesions, CTO of coronary arteries, left main coronary disease, treatment of high-risk patients with AMI, novel antithrombotic strategies for coronary patients, and surgical and percutaneous treatment of complicated congenital heart disease. Over the past 2 decades, you and your team have …

Environmental humanities and climate change: understanding humans geologically and other life forms ethically

The task of reconceptualizing planetary change for the human imagination calls on a wide range of disciplinary wisdom. Environmental studies were guided by the natural sciences in the 1960s, and in the 1970s broadened to include policy and the social sciences. By the 1990s, with global environmental changes well‐documented, various humanist initiatives emerged, expanding the idea of ethics, responsibility and justice within the transdisciplinary mode of environmental studies. Shared problems, places, and scales form the basis for collaborative work in the environmental humanities, sometimes in partnerships with natural sciences and the creative arts. Experiential learning and trust in judgments based on different methods typically guide humanities interventions. Shifting the frameworks of environmental research to be more consciously inclusive and diverse is enabling concepts of the physical world that better include humans and taking ethics beyond humans to consider more‐than‐human Others. This review considers historically how the environment and the humanities became conceptualized together. It then explores three emerging fields in transdisciplinary environmental scholarship where environmental humanities are playing major leadership roles: (1) climate and biodiversity justice, both for humans and for other forms of life; (2) the Anthropocene as a metaphor for living with planetary changes and (3) life after ‘the end of nature,’ including rewilding and restoration. While environmental humanities also work in many other fields, these cases exemplify the crucial tasks of situating the human in geological and ecological terms and other life forms (the ‘more‐than‐human’) in ethical terms. WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e499. doi: 10.1002/wcc.499This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture &gt; Disciplinary Perspectives

A better angel of our nature: Hanna Michel "Jean" Khoury, MD (April 24, 1967-May 22, 2017).

A better angel of our nature: Hanna Michel "Jean" Khoury, MD (April 24, 1967-May 22, 2017).

C&amp;EN talks with Seifi Ghasemi, Palladium Medal winner

Seifi Ghasemi, chair, president, and chief executive officer of the industrial gases firm Air Products & Chemicals, is 72 years old. But to explain who he is today, he tells a story about an experience he had as a 12-year-old schoolboy in northeastern Iran. Hard-boiled executives don’t often choke up when they speak to reporters. That’s especially true of those who have held major leadership roles in large industrial operations, as Ghasemi has. But the dapper and personable Ghasemi wasn’t embarrassed at all to recall a presentation he attended when the shah still ruled Iran, a country then allied with the U.S. That presentation, by U.S. information service visitors to Ghasemi’s school, described the U.S. as a land of opportunity that offered freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and a democratic form of government. “I just fell in love with the country,” Ghasemi recalls. “After that presentation, I was determined

Laudatio for Harry Goldsmith.

Professor Harry Goldsmith was born May 11, 1928, in Nurnberg, Germany. His marvelous journey in science started with his undergraduate study at Oxford University, where he received B.A. (Honours) in Chemistry and B.Sc. in Physical Chemistry in 1950 and 1951, respectively. After serving as a Technical Officer at Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. in Manchester, UK, for six years, and as a Defence Research Board Fellow at Royal Military College of Canada for one year, Harry began his Ph.D. study in Chemistry at McGill University, Montreal, in 1958. Under the advisorship of the late Dr. Stanley G. Mason of the Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Harry completed his outstanding thesis on The Microrheology of Suspensions in 1961. After three years of postdoctoral training in the Department of Chemistry at McGill University, Harry was appointed as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Experimental Medicine in 1964 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 1969. In 1972, he became Full Professor in the Division of Experimental Medicine in the Department of Medicine at McGill, and he was Director of the Division from 1976 to 1995. In addition to his stellar research contributions, Harry played a major leadership role in the education of graduate students and the administration of the Division. Harry Goldsmith made outstanding contributions to the theory and application of rheology. He established the fundamental principle of the rheological behavior of particles in suspension by a combination of ingenious experiments and elegant analysis. The 176-page Chapter on “The Microrheology of Dispersions” by Harry Goldsmith and Stanley Mason in F.R. Eirich’s book in 1967 [1] is a Classic. This marvelous chapter established the fundamental principles of particle motion in laminar and non-uniform flows, with applications to suspension viscosity and blood rheology in large and small vessels, covering the entire field of microrheology, including blood rheology. Having started to work on blood rheology only a few years before, I found this Chapter to be a treasure and read it many times. It gave me tremendous inspiration and had great influence throughout the years on my studies on biorheology. Harry Goldsmith is not only a superb scientist, but also an ingenious designer of instruments for his sophisticated research. For example, his traveling microscopy system allowed the tracking of cells flowing in a tube by the controlled motion of the tube with a velocity that is equal and opposite to that of the cell, thus keeping the cell always in the field of observation for dynamic cinematographic filming and quantitative analysis. He has performed experiments on particles, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other types of cells. He has the unique capability to apply elegant hydrodynamic theory to analyze such quantitative experiments on individual or groups of cells in terms of their translation, rotation, collision, deformation, adhesion, and aggregation/disaggregation, thus providing novel insights on a whole range of microrheological dynamics at the cellular levels. He also deduced the molecular level force (in microdynes) of antibody–antigen bonding between two cells in a doublet.

A Physician's View of One Health: Challenges and Opportunities.

One Health is one of the most important movements and emerging concepts in health today. The convergence of the fields of human and animal medicine has the potential to generate novel scientific hypotheses, create effective new therapies and potentially transform how physicians, veterinarians and their patients understand health and disease. Despite this potential, One Health has not yet gained significant awareness or traction in human medical communities. From its inception, One Health, sometimes also called One Medicine, has been piloted primarily by leaders from the world of veterinary medicine. Although the specific term was coined perhaps 10 years ago, comparative medicine has been quietly evident on university campuses with veterinary and medical schools for decades longer. Although a few physicians have played major leadership roles in One Health, in the United States, despite over ten years of the movement's robust growth, many have still not heard of it. Furthermore, physicians with some awareness of One Health often believe it to be primarily and exclusively about zoonotic infections and global health. The much broader scope and potential of One Health as also including comparative physiology and medicine is not being communicated effectively. Consequently, the human medical community remains largely disengaged. This is problematic because without significant engagement from physicians, nurses and other human health care professionals, the potential of One Health cannot be realized. To advance One Health it is imperative that we first understand the roots of under-engagement of the human medical community. This, in turn, can guide the development of novel and engaging opportunities for physician which demonstrate the power relevance of One Health's comparative, collaborative and cooperative approach.[...].

Prevention, identification, and management of late effects through risk reduction.

To review the psychosocial factors that affect quality of care and quality of life in cancer survivors, and discuss risk reduction through assessment for the early identification and management of the residual, long-term, and late effects. Literature review on survivorship and intervention strategies. There is limited literature on the psychosocial dimensions of cancer survivorship and even more limited on strategies for care. Nurses have a major leadership role in assisting survivors and their families. Much research is needed to provide the knowledge needed for care.

2013 Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award Introduction: Kurt and Rochelle Hirschhorn

2013 Victor A. McKusick Leadership Award Introduction: Kurt and Rochelle Hirschhorn